Caracterização das embalagens de madeira e respectivos fluxos em 2008 e 2009 em Portugal e Espanha

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente Perfil,Engenharia Sanitária

Ocupação humana no estabelecimento de fluxos energéticos em edifícios

Nos últimos tempos, a preocupação ambiental, passou a ser um tema recorrente na sociedade. A consciência coletiva da limitação do planeta em recursos naturais tem mostrado a necessidade de alterar os comportamentos no sentido de reduzir desperdícios, e conseguir objetivos do dia-a-dia de forma mais eficiente e menos penalizadora do já frágil equilíbrio ecológico. Os consumos energéticos, e especificamente os consumos em edifícios, contribuem de forma significativa para o desequilíbrio ambiental pelo que, cada vez mais, se assiste a um aumento da preocupação com a eficiência energética em edifícios e a consciência dos benefícios que daí podem resultar. A eficiência energética está intimamente relacionada com o não desperdício de energia. Para que não haja desperdício de energia é necessário saber onde essa energia é consumida bem como os fatores que influenciam o consumo. Há já algum tempo que se fazem estudos cujo principal objetivo é prever o consumo de energia num edifício, através da análise de um conjunto de variáveis, normalmente meteorológicas. Mais recentemente começam a surgir novos estudos nesta área, que consideram outro tipo de variáveis, nomeadamente variáveis relacionadas com o comportamento humano, que devidamente tratadas podem modelizar esse mesmo comportamento. Conseguir prever o consumo de um edifício de uma forma mais rigorosa tendo em consideração, não só fatores construtivos ou meteorológicos, mas também fatores resultantes de comportamentos das pessoas, será uma ferramenta preciosa em termos de projeto ou de exploração dos edifícios. Até que ponto a variável humana é importante na previsão de consumos energéticos? É a esta pergunta que a presente dissertação tenta responder. Para tal apresenta um método de estudo, que utiliza redes neuronais, dividido em etapas. Primeiramente é necessário conhecer as variáveis existentes num edifício de estudo, selecionar quais as que são pertinentes na previsão dos consumos e porquê. Em seguida é preciso prever a energia consumida através da análise das variáveis.

Relatório de estágio na Caixa Geral de Depósitos

This report will describe the activities undertaken during my internship at the Personnel Department (DPE-UPE4.1) in Caixa Geral de Depósitos (CGD), Lisbon, between September 22, 2014, and February 28, 2015. I consider that it is important to note from the outset i) that the subject of my training was suggested by my supervisor in the DPE and accepted by me; and ii) that the internship consisted essentially of carrying out research and information gathering into the different social systems that coexist within the bank and the application of each legal system in solving concrete situations of the CGD employees. The research and analysis of information was important not only for my study but for the CGD itself, as it enables the department to have such an important matter, full of specific characteristics, condensed into a single document, i.e. this report. This is a complex reality. The various welfare systems differ according to the contractual agreement linking the employee to the employer at the date when the labour contract is signed, and also the unique/singular characteristics of the CGD. In the early stage I started by trying to understand the financial institution and its organization and role and the department where I worked. So I analyzed the CGD Statutes and the legal measures that crystallized the scheme for its employees and I also researched its domestic and international operations. The first month was devoted to the research and analysis of such legislation to understand the creation of the CGD and its path to date. In the second and third months I studied the legal social systems that are applied to different groups of CGD workers. This period was quite important to identify and understand the differences between those regimes of CGD employees as well as the procedure inherent in each case. I highlighted the non-implementation of “the social protection regime of convergence” to the workers of this institution; the differences regarding the allocation of sickness subsidies paid to workers who belong to Social Security and CGA contributors, as well as the enforcement of internal rules to all the workers when a work-related accident happens.Then I focused on to assessing and examining external legislation and several internal regulations in order to obtain solutions to questions raised and situations involving by the workers, in order to understand how the DPE solves these situations. Over the last three months of internship, after this more theoretical work, I began the analysis of concrete situations involving employees carrying out their duties in Portugal and abroad. Some of these situations had been received by the department before the beginning of my internship and others over this period. When I was “working” in the DPE I analyzed “cases” that had been solved and some others without a final solution because they were still in courts. As for the last ones (new cases) I was able to follow their assessment and sometimes their outcome. Some of them became study cases for me. Over these five months of my internship, several cases were analyzed and discussed by legal experts of DPE in which I could participate. I always worked hard. I know that this action contributed to elucidate me about the treatment of the issues, and allowed me to have a direct contact with some workers and be part of a dynamic work team. For these reasons, my internship report is not merely descriptive of activities. It consists of an analysis of rules (legislation) and a regulatory framework of activities and it is also a description of several specific situations solved or in a solution process. Through this work I intend to make known the particular reality of a modern Portuguese financial institution not only because of its importance in our country but also such a large number of employees work here (in Portugal and abroad). I should add that throughout my internship I was allowed to attend conferences, within the scope of the bank in order to get a broader view of some issues related to the daily life of the DPE and the CGD. So, I participated in I Jornadas Bancárias and the Conferência Internacional do Contrato a Termo, given that the CGD is a bank and the DPE deals with legal and labour relations.