Cultural journalism in a digital environment : new models, practices and possibilities

Both culture coverage and digital journalism are contemporary phenomena that have undergone several transformations within a short period of time. Whenever the media enters a period of uncertainty such as the present one, there is an attempt to innovate in order to seek sustainability, skip the crisis or find a new public. This indicates that there are new trends to be understood and explored, i.e., how are media innovating in a digital environment? Not only does the professional debate about the future of journalism justify the need to explore the issue, but so do the academic approaches to cultural journalism. However, none of the studies so far have considered innovation as a motto or driver and tried to explain how the media are covering culture, achieving sustainability and engaging with the readers in a digital environment. This research examines how European media which specialize in culture or have an important cultural section are innovating in a digital environment. Specifically, we see how these innovation strategies are being taken in relation to the approach to culture and dominant cultural areas, editorial models, the use of digital tools for telling stories, overall brand positioning and extensions, engagement with the public and business models. We conducted a mixed methods study combining case studies of four media projects, which integrates qualitative web features and content analysis, with quantitative web content analysis. Two major general-interest journalistic brands which started as physical newspapers – The Guardian (London, UK) and Público (Lisbon, Portugal) – a magazine specialized in international affairs, culture and design – Monocle (London, UK) – and a native digital media project that was launched by a cultural organization – Notodo, by La Fábrica – were the four case studies chosen. Findings suggest, on one hand, that we are witnessing a paradigm shift in culture coverage in a digital environment, challenging traditional boundaries related to cultural themes and scope, angles, genres, content format and delivery, engagement and business models. Innovation in the four case studies lies especially along the product dimensions (format and content), brand positioning and process (business model and ways to engage with users). On the other hand, there are still perennial values that are crucial to innovation and sustainability, such as commitment to journalism, consistency (to the reader, to brand extensions and to the advertiser), intelligent differentiation and the capability of knowing what innovation means and how it can be applied, since this thesis also confirms that one formula doesn´t suit all. Changing minds, exceeding cultural inertia and optimizing the memory of the websites, looking at them as living, organic bodies, which continuously interact with the readers in many different ways, and not as a closed collection of articles, are still the main challenges for some media.

Jornalismo Cultural na Era Digital: O caso do Expresso

O presente relatório é o resultado de uma reflexão que tem como base um estágio de três meses na redacção do jornal Expresso, nomeadamente na secção do Diário e do Online. A partir de uma análise às publicações dedicadas à cultura, pretende-se explorar as potencialidades digitais como contributo para uma narrativa dinâmica, interactiva e imersiva. Procura-se compreender se, de facto, os elementos multimédia ganham mais possibilidades criativas quando aplicados no jornalismo cultural. Para esse efeito, este relatório encontra-se dividido em quatro partes consoante o enquadramento dos temas analisados. Primeiramente estabelece-se um enquadramento teórico que conceptualiza as duas temáticas centrais deste relatório: jornalismo cultural e jornalismo digital. Numa segunda fase é descrita a experiência de um estágio no Expresso, bem como se contextualizam os seus anos de estórias. De seguida, surgem as questões de investigação devidamente aplicadas no âmbito de análise. Através de uma reflexão qualitativa às publicações do Expresso Online e Diário dedicadas a temáticas culturais e publicadas durante o período de um mês, conclui-se que o jornalismo cultural pode possibilitar ao leitor uma experiência completa. As potencialidades digitais servem como contributo para o despertar de sensações, para uma narrativa abrangente e reflexiva. Há falta de activismo jornalístico ou, antes, de exploração das capacidades da área que vão muito para além do carácter informativo