Um buraco na boca: edição crítica do romance experimental de António Aragão

Este projecto apresenta uma edição crítca do romance Um buraco na boca, de António Aragão, elaborada a partr dos testemunhos disponíveis na tradição impressa. É feita uma súmula do percurso e obra do autor, com destaque para as suas criações no campo da fcção. Associado a esse trabalho, apresenta-se uma proposta de defnição do conceito de romance experimental e respectvo mapeamento das produções que encaixam no modelo proposto. Faz-se ainda um comentário sobre os actuais desafos da Crítca Textual na era digital, tendo em vista o planeamento de uma edição electrónica de Um buraco na boca

Experimental and modeling studies on reverse electrodialysis for sustainable power generation

A potentially renewable and sustainable source of energy is the chemical energy associated with solvation of salts. Mixing of two aqueous streams with different saline concentrations is spontaneous and releases energy. The global theoretically obtainable power from salinity gradient energy due to World’s rivers discharge into the oceans has been estimated to be within the range of 1.4-2.6 TW. Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is one of the emerging, membrane-based, technologies for harvesting the salinity gradient energy. A common RED stack is composed by alternately-arranged cation- and anion-exchange membranes, stacked between two electrodes. The compartments between the membranes are alternately fed with concentrated (e.g., sea water) and dilute (e.g., river water) saline solutions. Migration of the respective counter-ions through the membranes leads to ionic current between the electrodes, where an appropriate redox pair converts the chemical salinity gradient energy into electrical energy. Given the importance of the need for new sources of energy for power generation, the present study aims at better understanding and solving current challenges, associated with the RED stack design, fluid dynamics, ionic mass transfer and long-term RED stack performance with natural saline solutions as feedwaters. Chronopotentiometry was used to determinate diffusion boundary layer (DBL) thickness from diffusion relaxation data and the flow entrance effects on mass transfer were found to avail a power generation increase in RED stacks. Increasing the linear flow velocity also leads to a decrease of DBL thickness but on the cost of a higher pressure drop. Pressure drop inside RED stacks was successfully simulated by the developed mathematical model, in which contribution of several pressure drops, that until now have not been considered, was included. The effect of each pressure drop on the RED stack performance was identified and rationalized and guidelines for planning and/or optimization of RED stacks were derived. The design of new profiled membranes, with a chevron corrugation structure, was proposed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. The performance of the suggested corrugation geometry was compared with the already existing ones, as well as with the use of conductive and non-conductive spacers. According to the estimations, use of chevron structures grants the highest net power density values, at the best compromise between the mass transfer coefficient and the pressure drop values. Finally, long-term experiments with natural waters were performed, during which fouling was experienced. For the first time, 2D fluorescence spectroscopy was used to monitor RED stack performance, with a dedicated focus on following fouling on ion-exchange membrane surfaces. To extract relevant information from fluorescence spectra, parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was performed. Moreover, the information obtained was then used to predict net power density, stack electric resistance and pressure drop by multivariate statistical models based on projection to latent structures (PLS) modeling. The use in such models of 2D fluorescence data, containing hidden, but extractable by PARAFAC, information about fouling on membrane surfaces, considerably improved the models fitting to the experimental data.

Experimental characterization of an earth eco-efficient plastering mortar

Earthen plastering mortars are becoming recognized as highly eco-efficient. The assessment of their technical properties needs to be standardized but only the German standard DIN 18947 exists for the moment. An extended experimental campaign was developed in order to assess multiple properties of a ready-mixed earth plastering mortar and also to increase scientific knowledge of the influence of test procedures on those properties. The experimental campaign showed that some aspects related to the equipment, type of samples and sample preparation can be very important, while others seemed to have less influence on the results and the classification of mortars. It also showed that some complementary tests can easily be performed and considered together with the standardized ones, while others may need to be improved. The plaster satisfied the requirements of the existing German standard but, most importantly, it seemed adequate for application as rehabilitation plaster on historic and modern masonry buildings. Apart from their aesthetic aspect, the contribution of earthen plasters to eco-efficiency and particularly to hygrometric indoor comfort should be highlighted.

Estudo experimental do efeito da geometria da ancoragem no comportamento ao arrancamento de varão em betão

O presente estudo experimental pretende avaliar o comportamento da aderência entre varões em aço nervurado e o betão, a influência da geometria, do estado de fendilhação do betão e da presença de um varão transversal na zona de ancoragem, no comportamento desta. O bom desempenho das estruturas de betão armado depende da sua ligação e aderência entre os diferentes materiais utilizados na sua conceção, aço e betão. Foi com esse pressuposto que a presente dissertação avançou, de forma a serem estudadas as diversas geometrias e condições a que podem estar sujeitas as ancoragens. Para isso, foram elaborados e ensaiados dezasseis modelo de ancoragem: seis modelos em betão fendilhado e dez modelos em betão não fendilhado. Do estudo experimental desenvolvido, os resultados obtidos em betão não fendilhado dos ensaios de arrancamento “Pull-Out” são comparados com as recomendações NP EN 1992-1-1 [27], fib Model Code 2010 [14] e o Structural Concrete Building Code ACI 318-11 [4]. No presente estudo experimental também foi analisado o efeito da fendilhação do betão, permitindo assim compreender melhor o funcionamento e a resistência de uma ancoragem sujeita a essa situação. O efeito da presença de um varão transversal aplicado na zona do mandril foi também estudado.

8-Phase Ring oscillator for modern receivers

The evolution of receiver architectures, built in modern CMOS technologies, allows the design of high efficient receivers. A key block in modern receivers is the oscillator. The main objective of this thesis is to design a very low power and low area 8-Phase Ring Oscillator for biomedical applications (ISM and WMTS bands). Oscillators with multiphase outputs and variable duty cycles are required. In this thesis we are focused in 12.5% and 50% duty-cycles approaches. The proposed circuit uses eight inverters in a ring structure, in order to generate the output duty cycle of 50%. The duty cycle of 1/8 is achieved through the combination of the longer duty cycle signals in pairs, using, for this purpose, NAND gates. Since the general application are not only the wireless communications context, as well as industrial, scientific and medical plans, the 8-Phase Oscillator is simulated to be wideband between 100 MHz and 1 GHz, and be able to operate in the ISM bands (447 MHz-930 MHz) and WMTS (600 MHz). The circuit prototype is designed in UMC 130 nm CMOS technology. The maximum value of current drawn from a DC power source of 1.2 V, at a maximum frequency of 930 MHz achieved, is 17.54 mA. After completion of the oscillator layout studied (occupied area is 165 μm x 83 μm). Measurement results confirm the expected operating range from the simulations, and therefore, that the oscillator fulfil effectively the goals initially proposed in order to be used as Local Oscillator in RF Modern Receivers.

Estudo experimental de um sistema BIPV/T-PCM

A União Europeia tem dado cada vez mais enfoque à eficiência energética nos edifícios e à sua capacidade de produção de energia, tendo lançado a directiva “Energy Performance of Buildings Directive” com o intuito de que até 31 de Dezembro de 2018 todos os edifícios novos sejam “nZEB-nearly Zero Energy Building”, o que significa que devem por um lado diminuir o seu consumo energético, aumentando a sua eficiência, e por outro lado produzir localmente e através de fontes de energias renováveis toda, ou quase toda, a energia de que necessitam. A presente tese está integrada no Projecto “Frame – Prefabricated systems (modules) for low-energy buildings: design, prototyping and testing” (Ref: PTDC/AURAQI-AQI/117782/2010) que está a ser desenvolvido na Unidade de Eficiência Energética do Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (LNEG). Neste trabalho é desenvolvido e analisado um sistema BIPV/T-PCM (Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal – Phase Change Materials) que engloba todo um novo conceito de captação, armazenamento e gestão da energia solar em fachadas. Este sistema é composto por um módulo fotovoltaico, uma bateria de PCM (Materiais de Mudança de Fase) e todo um sistema de fluxo de ar que permite a gestão da energia colectada e armazenada. Foi também desenvolvido teoricamente um código de gestão energética para a manipulação do sistema. O sistema em estudo apoia-se em três objectivos principais: aquecer no inverno; arrefecer no verão; e aumentar a eficiência do PV arrefecendo-o. Na sequência do trabalho realizado verificou-se que o conceito do sistema em estudo alcança alguns dos objectivos propostos, tendo ainda potencial para se continuar o seu desenvolvimento. O sistema em estudo é um sistema inovador, e como tal está a ser registada uma patente com base no conceito desenvolvido.

The thermal effects on the methanol-to-olefins reaction: A modelling and experimental approach

With the projection of an increasing world population, hand-in-hand with a journey towards a bigger number of developed countries, further demand on basic chemical building blocks, as ethylene and propylene, has to be properly addressed in the next decades. The methanol-to-olefins (MTO) is an interesting reaction to produce those alkenes using coal, gas or alternative sources, like biomass, through syngas as a source for the production of methanol. This technology has been widely applied since 1985 and most of the processes are making use of zeolites as catalysts, particularly ZSM-5. Although its selectivity is not especially biased over light olefins, it resists to a quick deactivation by coke deposition, making it quite attractive when it comes to industrial environments; nevertheless, this is a highly exothermic reaction, which is hard to control and to anticipate problems, such as temperature runaways or hot-spots, inside the catalytic bed. The main focus of this project is to study those temperature effects, by addressing both experimental, where the catalytic performance and the temperature profiles are studied, and modelling fronts, which consists in a five step strategy to predict the weight fractions and activity. The mind-set of catalytic testing is present in all the developed assays. It was verified that the selectivity towards light olefins increases with temperature, although this also leads to a much faster catalyst deactivation. To oppose this effect, experiments were carried using a diluted bed, having been able to increase the catalyst lifetime between 32% and 47%. Additionally, experiments with three thermocouples placed inside the catalytic bed were performed, analysing the deactivation wave and the peaks of temperature throughout the bed. Regeneration was done between consecutive runs and it was concluded that this action can be a powerful means to increase the catalyst lifetime, maintaining a constant selectivity towards light olefins, by losing acid strength in a steam stabilised zeolitic structure. On the other hand, developments on the other approach lead to the construction of a raw basic model, able to predict weight fractions, that should be tuned to be a tool for deactivation and temperature profiles prediction.