Produção de matrizes porosas 3D baseadas em réplicas invertidas de cristais coloidais

A Engenharia de Tecidos surge da necessidade recorrente de regenerar ou recriar órgãos e tecidos danificados devido a vários tipos de trauma. A carência de funcionalidades resultante pode ser resolvida através da implantação de substitutos bio-sintéticos. O presente trabalho consiste na produção de matrizes porosas 3D baseadas em réplicas invertidas de cristais coloidais com futura aplicação em substituintes ósseos sintéticos para fraturas de não-união. O substituinte ósseo consiste numa estrutura denominada Inverse colloidal crystal (ICC), em que a sua organização singular resulta numa homogénea proliferação celular e num aumento das propriedades mecânicas, quando comparada com outros substituintes. O primeiro passo para a obtenção desta estrutura é a produção de microesferas de poliestireno, por uma técnica baseada em microfluídica. Posteriormente as microesferas são empacotadas resultando numa estrutura coesa com ligações entre microesferas vizinhas. O preenchimento dos espaços vazios entre microesferas pelo biomaterial pretendido e posterior remoção das microesferas dá origem à estrutura porosa do ICC. ICCs poliméricos (ϕCs = 1,00) e compósitos (ϕCs = 0,86 e ϕHA = 0,14; ϕCs = 0,67 e ϕHA = 0,33; ϕCs = ϕHA = 0,50) são produzidos e as suas propriedades mecânicas são testadas através de ensaios de compressão e comparadas com outros substituintes sintéticos. Para avaliação do comportamento dos materiais em contacto com meio biológico, foram realizados testes de citotoxicidade que revelaram uma viabilidade celular acima dos 80% em todos os ICCs.

Prospective system analysis of stationary battery systems under the frame of Constructive Technology Assessment

Based on the report for the unit “Project IV” of the PhD programme on Technology Assessment under the supervision of Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil and Prof. Dr. António Brandão Moniz. The report was presented and discussed at the Doctorate Conference on Technologogy Assessment in July 2013 at the University Nova Lisboa, Caparica campus.

Indoor location-based analytics systems: Portuguese market compettive assessment and entry procing strategy of BIPs' technology in Sonae Sierra Shopping malls stores

This project attempts to provide an in-depth competitive assessment of the Portuguese indoor location-based analytics market, and to elaborate an entry-pricing strategy for Business Intelligence Positioning System (BIPS) implementation in Portuguese shopping centre stores. The role of industry forces and company’s organizational resources platform to sustain company’s competitive advantage was explored. A customer value-based pricing approach was adopted to assess BIPS value to retailers and maximize Sonae Sierra profitability. The exploratory quantitative research found that there is a market opportunity to explore every store area types with tailored proposals, and to set higher-than-tested membership fees to allow a rapid ROI, concluding there are propitious conditions for Sierra to succeed in BIPS store’s business model in Portugal.

Development of 3D in vitro models for prediction of hepatic metabolism and toxicity

The development of human cell models that recapitulate hepatic functionality allows the study of metabolic pathways involved in toxicity and disease. The increased biological relevance, cost-effectiveness and high-throughput of cell models can contribute to increase the efficiency of drug development in the pharmaceutical industry. Recapitulation of liver functionality in vitro requires the development of advanced culture strategies to mimic in vivo complexity, such as 3D culture, co-cultures or biomaterials. However, complex 3D models are typically associated with poor robustness, limited scalability and compatibility with screening methods. In this work, several strategies were used to develop highly functional and reproducible spheroid-based in vitro models of human hepatocytes and HepaRG cells using stirred culture systems. In chapter 2, the isolation of human hepatocytes from resected liver tissue was implemented and a liver tissue perfusion method was optimized towards the improvement of hepatocyte isolation and aggregation efficiency, resulting in an isolation protocol compatible with 3D culture. In chapter 3, human hepatocytes were co-cultivated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and the phenotype of both cell types was characterized, showing that MSC acquire a supportive stromal function and hepatocytes retain differentiated hepatic functions, stability of drug metabolism enzymes and higher viability in co-cultures. In chapter 4, a 3D alginate microencapsulation strategy for the differentiation of HepaRG cells was evaluated and compared with the standard 2D DMSO-dependent differentiation, yielding higher differentiation efficiency, comparable levels of drug metabolism activity and significantly improved biosynthetic activity. The work developed in this thesis provides novel strategies for 3D culture of human hepatic cell models, which are reproducible, scalable and compatible with screening platforms. The phenotypic and functional characterization of the in vitro systems performed contributes to the state of the art of human hepatic cell models and can be applied to the improvement of pre-clinical drug development efficiency of the process, model disease and ultimately, development of cell-based therapeutic strategies for liver failure.

Towards an integrated technology management across the rail supply chain extended to society: building the case study on high-speed trains

The present paper was prepared for the course “Project III”, with the supervision of Prof. António Moniz, reporting on the author speaking notes at the Winter School on Technology Assessment, 6-7 December 2010, as part of the Doctoral Programme on Technology Assessment at FCT-UNL.

Importance of decision-making in a purchasing context – DPS Case Study

This work project has the objective of exploring the importance of making good decisions on supplier selection, so that the purchasing department can contribute to the success of a company. For that it is presented a short bibliography review of the latest insights that were found relevant, on the subjects of purchasing, technology, outsourcing, supplier selection and decision-making techniques. For a better understating on how to deal with a decision-making situation, a case study is also presented: Digital Printing Solutions (DPS) is a Portuguese company that provides complete and integrated printing solutions and has been planning to contract a software supplier. DPS has no formal supplier-selection model and it has to choose between 2 suppliers. The case study was solved using the M-MACBETH software. I have found that complex decisions-making situations can be easily overcome by using the M-MACBETH decision model. Moreover, the usage of a model, instead of decision that follows no formal procedure, provides the decision maker with insights that can be useful to negotiate with the supplier.

Optimization of export support systems: How to promote exports from Portugal to Germany in the area of information technology and electronics

This work project focuses on developing new approaches which enhance Portuguese exports towards a defined German industry sector within the information technology and electronics fields. Firstly and foremost, information was collected and a set of expert and top managers’ interviews were performed in order to acknowledge the demand of the German market while identifying compatible Portuguese supply capabilities. Among the main findings, Industry 4.0 presents itself as a valuable opportunity in the German market for Portuguese medium sized companies in the embedded systems area of expertise for machinery and equipment companies. In order to achieve the purpose of the work project, an embedded systems platform targeting machinery and equipment companies was suggested as well as it was developed several recommendations on how to implement it. An alternative approach for this platform was also considered within the German market namely the eHealth sector having the purpose of enhancing the current healthcare service provision.

Produção e caracterização de espumas 3D obtidas por electrofiação para aplicação em engenharia de tecidos

A produção de estruturas tridimensionais poliméricas tem sido foco de estudo por parte da Engenharia de Células e Tecidos, pelo que mimetizam melhor as condições in vivo dos tecidos. A conjugação das propriedades eléctricas com arquitectura 3D permite uma regeneração tecidual mais eficaz. Desta forma este estudo incidiu na construção de scaffolds, que conjugasse as propriedades mecânicas, eléctricas e biológicas num só suporte. O processo utilizado para produção de scaffolds baseou-se na electrofiação de soluções poliméricas de PCL (8% m/m) com incorporação de óxido de grafeno em diferentes concentrações: 0.01%, 0.1% e 0.25% (m/V). Foram avaliados os parâmetros de electrofiação que permitiram a organização tridimensional. A composição química e a morfologia das membranas foram avaliadas por FTIR-ATR e por microscopia electrónica de varrimento (MEV), respectivamente. Através de ensaios de tracção e de permeabilidade estudou-se a influência de óido de grafeno na matriz polimérica. Foram feitas experiências de redução de óxido de grafeno nas fibras electrofiadas, tanto nas membranas como das espumas, através do uso de vapores de hidrazina. Este mecanismo mostrou-se ineficaz, uma vez que afectou a sua morfologia. As espumas foram avaliadas quanto à sua bioactividade e propriedades mecânicas (ensaios de compressão). Também foram realizados testes de viabilidade celular nas membranas e de adesão celular nas espumas, de forma a avaliar o seu potencial para aplicação biomédica. Os resultados destes ensaios revelaram que óxido de grafeno não apresenta efeitos citotóxicos para o organismo e a sua presença promove a adesão celular ao scaffold.

Jogo 3D online para reabilitação de pacientes afásicos

Esta plataforma foi projetada como auxílio complementar ao processo de reabilitação de doentes afásicos lusófonos. Uma gama de exercícios são disponibilizados de forma a induzir diferentes estímulos (compreensão escrita e auditiva e expressão escrita) sendo a grande maioria destes realizados dentro de um ambiente virtual em três dimensões onde o utilizador (dependendo da tarefa) pode interagir com objetos presentes dentro de uma casa. A principal particularidade desta plataforma reside no facto desta estar alojada online, dispensando instalações e permitindo um acompanhamento mais próximo por parte do terapeuta da fala do progresso feito pelo paciente. A ferramenta desenvolvida está disponível para visualização e teste no endereço www.weblisling.net.

The use of technology in Portuguese hospitals- The case of MRI

We study the determinants of MRI use across Portuguese NHS hospitals for patients belonging to specific DRGs. Using data on individual hospital admissions, we estimate a probit model including individual-, hospital-, time- and region-specific variables in order to explain the probability of a patient being sent for MRI. Results convey a tightening effect on the hospital’s budget constraint in the end of each year. Hospitals seem to account for regional characteristics when defining adoption patterns. Individual-specific variables are good predictors of MRI use. Measures taken by the Government only impact the short run. Finally, the gains from an MRI scan, as far as the probability of death is concerned, occur mainly for less severe patients.

Valorization of olive pomace through combination of biocatalysis with supercritical fluid technology

A supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) based oil extraction method was implemented on olive pomace (alperujo), and an oil yield of 25,5 +/- 0,8% (goil/gdry residue) was obtained. By Soxhlet extraction with hexane, an oil extraction yield of 28,9 +/- 0,8 % was obtained, which corresponds to an efficiency of 88,4 +/- 4,8 % for the supercritical method. The scCO2 extraction process was optimized for operating conditions of 50 MPa and 348,15 K, for which an oil loading of 32,60 g oil/kg CO2 was calculated. As a proof of concept, olive pomace was used as feedstock for biodiesel production, in a process combining the use of lipase as a catalyst with the use of scCO2 as a solvent, and integrating the steps of oil extraction, oil to biodiesel transesterification and subsequent separation of the latter. In the conducted experiments, FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) purities of 90% were obtained, with the following operating parameters: an oil:methanol molar ratio of 1:24; a residence time of 7,33 and 11,6 mins; a pressure of 40 MPa; a temperature of 313,15 K; and Lipozyme (Mucor miehei; Sigma-Aldritch) as an enzyme. However, oscillations of FAME purity were registered throughout the experiments, which could possibly be due to methanol accumulation in the enzymatic reactor. Finally, the phenolic content of olive pomace, and the effect of the drying process – oven or freeze-drying – and the extraction methods – hydro-alcoholic method and supercritical method – on the phenolic content were analysed. It was verified that the oven-drying process on the olive pomace preserved 90,1 +/- 3,6 % of the total phenolic content. About 62,3 +/- 5,53% of the oven-dried pomace phenolic content was extracted using scCO2 at 60 MPa and 323,15 K. Seven individual phenols – hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, quercetin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid – were identified and quantified by HPLC.

Historic and potential technology transition paths of grid battery storage: Co-evolution of energy grid, electric mobility and batteries

Scarcity of fuels, changes in environmental policy and in society increased the interest in generating electric energy from renewable energy sources (RES) for a sustainable energy supply in the future. The main problem of RES as solar and wind energy, which represent a main pillar of this transition, is that they cannot supply constant power output. This results inter alia in an increased demand of backup technologies as batteries to assure electricity system safety. The diffusion of energy storage technologies is highly dependent on the energy system and transport transition pathways which might lead to a replacement or reconfiguration of embedded socio-technical practices and regimes (by creating new standards or dominant designs, changing regulations, infrastructure and user patterns). The success of this technology is dependent on hardly predictable future technical advances, actor preferences, development of competing technologies and designs, diverging interests of actors, future cost efficiencies, environmental performance, the evolution of market demand and design and evolution of our society.

Minimal computation structures for visual information applications based on printed electronics

In the early nineties, Mark Weiser wrote a series of seminal papers that introduced the concept of Ubiquitous Computing. According to Weiser, computers require too much attention from the user, drawing his focus from the tasks at hand. Instead of being the centre of attention, computers should be so natural that they would vanish into the human environment. Computers become not only truly pervasive but also effectively invisible and unobtrusive to the user. This requires not only for smaller, cheaper and low power consumption computers, but also for equally convenient display solutions that can be harmoniously integrated into our surroundings. With the advent of Printed Electronics, new ways to link the physical and the digital worlds became available. By combining common printing techniques such as inkjet printing with electro-optical functional inks, it is starting to be possible not only to mass-produce extremely thin, flexible and cost effective electronic circuits but also to introduce electronic functionalities into products where it was previously unavailable. Indeed, Printed Electronics is enabling the creation of novel sensing and display elements for interactive devices, free of form factor. At the same time, the rise in the availability and affordability of digital fabrication technologies, namely of 3D printers, to the average consumer is fostering a new industrial (digital) revolution and the democratisation of innovation. Nowadays, end-users are already able to custom design and manufacture on demand their own physical products, according to their own needs. In the future, they will be able to fabricate interactive digital devices with user-specific form and functionality from the comfort of their homes. This thesis explores how task-specific, low computation, interactive devices capable of presenting dynamic visual information can be created using Printed Electronics technologies, whilst following an approach based on the ideals behind Personal Fabrication. Focus is given on the use of printed electrochromic displays as a medium for delivering dynamic digital information. According to the architecture of the displays, several approaches are highlighted and categorised. Furthermore, a pictorial computation model based on extended cellular automata principles is used to programme dynamic simulation models into matrix-based electrochromic displays. Envisaged applications include the modelling of physical, chemical, biological, and environmental phenomena.

ReedCob – An eco-efficient building technology for monolithic walls based on earth and reeds

4th Conference COST ACTION FP1303 – Designing with Bio-based Materials – Challenges and opportiunities. INIA – CSIC, Madrid, 24-25 February 2016. Book of abstracts, T.Troya, J.Galván, D.Jones (Eds.), INIA and IETcc – CSIS, pg. 79-80 (ISBN: 978-91-88349-16-3)

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