Contributo para o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia que avalia a posição da omoplata: fidedignidade intra e interobservador e validade concorrente

RESUMO: Introdução: A relação cinemática entre as articulações do CAO apresenta grande importância na função do MS, e é por isso cada vez mais investigada e descrita. O posicionamento da omoplata ganha um importante papel para compreender as DCAO. É indiscutível o importante papel da omoplata na dinâmica do MS, bem como o posicionamento escapular como parâmetro clínico de disfunção do CAO. Todos estes factores criam a necessidade de desenvolver instrumentos de avaliação da posição da articulação ET. A grande maioria dos testes de avaliação, restringem a sua avaliação às disfunções da articulação GU, não integrando uma avaliação mais dinâmica e interactiva que respeite os pressupostos teóricos inerentes ao REU. È importante também que os métodos de avaliação sejam de fácil aplicabilidade clínica e que avaliem fidedignamente e com validade os outcomes. Objectivos: Contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de avaliação da omoplata em diferentes amplitudes do MS, através do estudo da validade concorrente, da fidedignidade intra e inter-observador. Metodologia: A amostra foi constituída por 20 elementos seleccionados por conveniência, entre o corpo de discentes da ESS-IPS, sem história de disfunção do CAO. Foi realizada uma análise cinemática ao MS de cada sujeito, usando um aparelho de análise por varrimento electromagnético, o FOB. Em cada sujeito foram ainda medidas, as distâncias escapulares em estudo, usando a fita métrica. Cada método de medição foi constituído por dois momento (teste e reteste), em cada momento, as medidas eram recolhidas por dois investigadores distintos. Resultados e Discussão: Foram considerados como positivos os resultados que se apresentassem acima do limiar de 0,5, que classifica uma correlação como moderada a excelente. Os resultados da validade mostram que para o investigador 1 nas medidas M1e M2 apenas houve correlação com valores excelentes a moderados até aos 30º de elevação do MS. Já para M3 apenas aos 30º no plano da omoplata essa mesma correlação não tem valores próximos do cutpoint. Em M4 nenhum valor tem correlação significativa com os valores do FOB, chegando mesmo a haver correlação negativa para os 120º no plano da omoplata. Em M5 apenas os 0º mostram valores correlacionais excelentes a moderados. Para o investigador 2, em M1 e M2 á semelhança do investigador 1, só existem valores de correlação significativos até aos 30º de elevação do MS. Já para M3 todos os valores mostram excelente a moderada correlação á excepção dos 120º no plano frontal. Em M4 este investigador apresenta maus resultados. Já em M5 os valores de correlação são moderados aos 0º e aos 90º. No que diz respeitos aos resultados dos CCI intra-observador,podemos afirmar que foi em M5 que estes valores mais se aproximaram do cut point. M1 e M2 são as medidas onde se encontram resultados menos satisfatórios. É aos 60º que existem valores mais satisfatórios, seguidos pelos 0º e 30º, quando nos aproximamos de graus mais elevados, como 90º e 120º, estes valores tendem a baixar. Quanto á fidedignidade inter-observador para M1 apenas aos 90º e aos 120º houve valores de correlação abaixo do cutpoint. Em M2, só os 60º do plano sagital não teve valores acima do cutpoint, em M3 apenas os 30º plano sagital não obtiveram valores acima do cut-point, o mesmo acontece para M3 aos 30º plano da omoplata e em M5 aos 30º e 120º no plano frontal. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a metodologia em causa apresenta elevado grau de fidedignidade inter-observador, já no que toca é fidedignidade intra-observador o grau de semelhança não é tão elevado. Também o erro associado á medida não ultrapassou 1,5cm, sendo considerado baixo. Na validade concorrente concluímos que é aos 0º que a metodologia se torna uma opção válida na aferição das distâncias medidas com uma boa a excelente concordância com o FOB. As medidas consideradas como opções válidas, nas diferentes amplitudes, podem funcionar como parâmetros clínicos de caracterização do posicionamento da omoplata, podendo vir a contribuir ainda para a caracterização da orientação da mesma.-------------------- ABSTRACT:Introduction: The kinematic relationship between the joints of the CAO has great importance in the function of MS, which is why more and more investigated and described. The positioning of the blade gets an important role in understanding the DCAO. There is no doubt the important role of the scapula in the dynamics of MS as well as the positioning of scapular dysfunction as a clinical parameter of the CAO. All these factors create the need to develop tools for evaluating the place of articulation ET. Most assessment tests, restrict its assessment to GU joint disorders, not incorporating a more dynamic and interactive way that respects the theoretical assumptions inherent in the REU. It is also important that the methods are easy to apply clinical and reliably to assess the validity and outcomes. Objectives: To contribute to the development of a methodology for evaluating the scapula in different ranges of MS, through the study of concurrent validity, reliability of intra-and inter-observer. Methodology: The sample consisted of 20 selected elements for convenience, between the body of students of IPS-ESS with no history of dysfunction of the CAO. We performed a kinematic analysis of each subject to MS, using a scanning device for electromagnetic analysis, the FOB. In each subject were also measured, the scapular distances under study, using tape measure. Each method of measuring the time consisted of two (test and retest), in each moment, the measures were collected by two different investigators. Results and Discussion: We considered as positive results that were above the threshold of 0.5, which ranks as a moderate to excellent correlation. The results show that the validity for the researcher in an action M1e M2 was only correlated with moderate to excellent values up to 30º of elevation of the MS. As for M3 only to 30º in the plane of the scapula has the same correlation values near the cutpoint. M4 has no value in correlation with the values of the FOB, and even negative correlation to 120 ° in the plane of the scapula. In M5 show only the values 0 ° correlational excellent to moderate. For investigator 2 in M1 and M2 will be like an investigator, there are only significant correlation values up to 30º of elevation of the MS. As for M3 all the values show excellent correlation to moderate with the exception of 120 ° in the frontal plane. In this researcher M4 has bad results. M5 already in the correlation values are moderate to 0º and 90 º. Regarding the results of ICC intra-observer, we can say that M5 was that these values come closest to the cut point. M1 and M2 are measures which are less than satisfactory results. At 60 ° there are more satisfactory values, followed by 0º and 30º, when we approached the highest levels, such as 90 ° and 120 °, these values tend to decrease. The inter-observer reliability for M1 only to 90 º and 120 ºcorrelation values were below the cutpoint. In M2, only 60 of the sagital plane did not have values above the cutpoint in M3 only 30º sagital plane did not obtain values above the cut-point, the same goes for M3 at 30 ° plane of the scapula and M5 at 30 º and 120 º in frontal plane. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the methodology in question has a high degree of inter-observer reliability, as far as intra-observer reliability is the degree of similarity is not as high. Also the error of measure did not exceed 1.5 cm, and is considered low. In concurrent validity conclude that it is at 0 ° the methodology becomes a valid option for the measurement of distances measured with a good to excellent agreement with the FOB. The measures considered as valid options in different amplitudes, can function as clinical parameters to characterize the positioning of the shoulder blade and could further contribute to the characterization of the orientation of the same.

Extracting temporal and spatial distributions information about marine mucilage phenomenon based on Modis satellite images; a case study of the Tyrrhenian and the Adriatic Sea, 2010-2012

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.

Image processing methodology for assessment of drilling induced damage in CFRP

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Customer Lifetime Value: a framework for application in the insurance industry - Building a Business Process to Generate and Maintain an Automatic Estimation Agent

Research Project submited as partial fulfilment for the Master Degree in Statistics and Information Management

Unstabilised rammed earth: characterization of material collected from old constructions in South Portugal and comparison to normative requirements

International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 8: 185–212, 2014

Studies on the wine spoilage yeast Brettanomyces bruxellensis: 4-ethylphenol production and improved detection

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Biotecnologia

TSKY: a dependable middleware solution for data privacy using public storage clouds

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Coherent structures in open channel flows with bed load transport over an hydraulically rough bed

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil – Perfil de Estruturas

Analysis of urban land use and land cover changes: a case of study in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies

Cell-to cell Communication in Pectobacterium wasabiae

Dissertation presented to obtain the PhD degree in Biology

Using cilia mutants to study left-right asymmetry in zebrafish

A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of the Masters in Molecular Genetics and Biomedicine

The influence of price changes on consumers' purchase decisions

The development of an effective pricing strategy requires the acquaintance of consumers’ price perception as well as the range of elements that influence the price sensitivity. This paper analyses the relationships between product features, individual characteristics and the level of price increase/decrease that induces the consumers to change their purchase decisions. The results of a dedicated survey show, that price sensitivity, individual preferences, type of product and direction of price change and individual characteristics of consumers (gender, age, professional situation) have a significant impact on a threshold at which people are willing to choose the less attractive, but cheaper alternative to their favorite product or give up the variety in consumption. From a consumer behavior perspective, these findings play a fundamental role in pricing.

Electron driven reactions in sulphur containing biological prototypes

The interaction of ionising radiation with living tissues may direct or indirectly generate several secondary species with relevant genotoxic potential. Due to recent findings that electrons with energies below the ionisation threshold can effectively damage DNA, radiation-induced damage to biological systems has increasingly come under scrutiny. The exact physico-chemical processes that occur in the first stages of electron induced damage remain to be explained. However, it is also known that free electrons have a short lifetime in the physiological medium. Hence, electron transfer processes studies represent an alternative approach through which the role of "bound" electrons as a source of damage to biological tissues can be further explored. The thesis work consists of studying dissociative electron attachment (DEA) and electron transfer to taurine and thiaproline. DEA measurements were executed in Siedlce University with Prof. Janina Kopyra under COST action MP1002 (Nanoscale insights in ion beam cancer therapy). The electron transfer experiments were conducted in a crossed atom(potassium)-molecule beam arrangement. In these studies the anionic fragmentation patterns were obtained. The results of both mechanisms are shown to be significantly different, unveiling that the damaging potential of secondary electrons can be underestimated. In addition, sulphur atoms appear to strongly influence the dissociation process, demonstrating that certain reactions can be controlled by substitution of sulphur at specific molecular sites.

Getting the carry trade's jackpot

This Working Project studies five portfolios of currency carry trades formed with the G10 currencies. Performance varies among strategies and the most basic one presents the worst results. I also study the equity and Pure FX risk factors which can explain the portfolios’ returns. Equity factors do not explain these returns while the Pure FX do for some of the strategies. Downside risk measures indicate the importance of using regime indicators to avoid losses. I conclude that although using VAR and threshold regression models with a variety of regime indicators do not allow the perception of different regimes, with a defined exogenous threshold on real exchange rates, an indicator of liquidity and the volatilities of the spot exchange rates it is possible to increase the average returns and reduce drawdowns of the carry trades

Strengthening to seismic action of reinforced columns with rectangular cross-section

The first part of this research work regards the assessment of the mathematical modelling of reinforced concrete columns confined with carbon fibre (CFRP) sheets under axial loading. The purpose was to evaluate existing analytical models, contribute to possible improvements and choose the best model(s) to be part of a new model for the prediction of the behaviour of confined columns under bending and compression. For circular columns, a wide group of authors have proposed several models specific for FRP-confined concrete. The analysis of some of the existing models was carried out by comparing these with several tested columns. Although several models predict fairly the peak load only few can properly estimate the load-strain and dilation behaviour of the columns. Square columns confined with CFRP show a more complex interpretation of their behaviour. Accordingly, the analysis of two experimental programs was carried out to propose new modelling equations for the whole behaviour of columns. The modelling results show that the analytical curves are in general agreement with the presented experimental curves for a wide range of dimensions. An analysis similar to the one done for circular columns was this turn carried out for square columns. Few models can fairly estimate the whole behaviour of the columns and with less accuracy at all levels when compared with circular columns. The second part of this study includes seven experimental tests carried out on reinforced concrete rectangular columns with rounded corners, different damage condition and with confinement and longitudinal strengthening systems. It was concluded that the use of CFRP confinement is viable and of effective performance enhancement alone and combined with other techniques, maintaining a good ductile behaviour for established threshold displacements. As regards the use of external longitudinal strengthening combined with CFRP confinement, this system is effective for the performance enhancement and viable in terms of execution. The load capacity was increased significantly, preserving also in this case a good ductile behaviour for threshold displacements. As to the numerical nonlinear modelling of the tested columns, the results show a variation of the peak load of 1% to 10% compared with tests results. The good results are partly due to the inclusion of the concrete constitutive model by Mander et al. modified by Faustino, Chastre & Paula taking into account the confinement effect. Despite the reasonable approximation to tests results, the modelling results showed higher unloading, which leads to an overestimate dissipated energy and residualdisplacement.