International Conference on “Foresight Studies on Work in the Knowledge Society“ in Monte de Caparica (FCT-UNL) on 19-20 October 2006

On 19 and 20 October 2006, the Research Centre on Enterprise and Work Organisation (IET) organised the first international conference on “Foresight Studies on Work in the Knowledge Society”. It took place at the auditorium of the new Library of FCT-UNL and had the support of the research project “CodeWork@VO” (financed by FCT-MCTES and co-ordinated by INESC, Porto). The conference related to the European research project “Work Organisation and Restructuring in the Knowledge Society” (WORKS), which is financed by the European Commission. The main objective of the conference was to analyse and discuss research findings on the trends of work structures in the knowledge society, and to debate on new work organisation models and new forms of work supported by ICT.

Ergonomics and Usability – key factors in Knowledge Society

During the recent years human society evolved from the “industrial society age” and transitioned into the “knowledge society age”. This means that knowledge media support migrated from “pen and paper” to computer-based Information Systems. Due to this fact Ergonomics has assumed an increasing importance, as a science/technology that deals with the problem of adapting the work to the man, namely in terms of Usability. This paper presents some relevant Ergonomics, Usability and User-centred design concepts regarding Information Systems.

Work organisation and restructuring in the knowledge society

It is generally agreed that major changes in work are taking place in the organisation of work as corporate structures are transformed in the context of economic globalisation and rapid technological change. But how can these changes be understood? And what are the impacts on social institutions and on workers and their families? The WORKS project brought together 17 research institutes in 13 European countries to investigate these important issues through a comprehensive four year research programme.

Future gender relations in global restructuring processes case study evidence from knowledge-intensive, manufacturing and service occupations

Global restructuring processes have not only strong implications for European working and living realities, but also have specific outcomes with regard to gender relations. The following contribution analyses in which way global restructuring shapes current gender relations in order to identify important trends and developments for future gender (in)equalities at the workplace. On the basis of a large qualitative study on global restructuring and impacts on different occupational groups it argues that occupational belonging in line with skill and qualification levels are crucial factors to assess the further development of gender relations at work. Whereas global restructuring in knowledge-based occupations may provide new opportunities for female employees, current restructuring is going to deteriorate female labour participation in service occupations. In contrast, manufacturing occupations can be characterised by persistent gender relations, which do not change in spite of major restructuring processes at the work place. Taking the institutional perspective into account, it seems to be crucial to integrate the occupational perspective in order to apply adequate policy regulations to prevent the reinforcement of gender related working patterns in the near future.

Human-robot teamwork: a knowledge-based solution

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Knowledge discovery from trajectories

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies

On international cost-sharing of pharmaceutical R&D

Ramsey pricing has been proposed in the pharmaceutical industry as a principle to price discriminate among markets while allowing to recover the (fixed) R&D cost. However, such analyses neglect the presence of insurance or the fund raising costs for most of drug reimbursement. By incorporating these new elements, we aim at providing some building blocks towards an economic theory incorporating Ramsey pricing and insurance coverage. We show how coinsurance affects the optimal prices to pay for the R&D investment. We also show that under certain conditions, there is no strategic incentive by governments to set coinsurance rates in order to shift the financial burden of R&D. This will have important implications to the application of Ramsey pricing principles to pharmaceutical products across countries.

The simple economics of risk-sharing agreements between the NHS and the pharmaceutical industry

The Janssen-Cilag proposal for a risk-sharing agreement regarding bortezomib received a welcome signal from NICE. The Office of Fair Trading report included risk-sharing agreements as an available tool for the National Health Service. Nonetheless, recent discussions have somewhat neglected the economic fundamentals underlying risk-sharing agreements. We argue here that risk-sharing agreements, although attractive due to the principle of paying by results, also entail risks. Too many patients may be put under treatment even with a low success probability. Prices are likely to be adjusted upward, in anticipation of future risk-sharing agreements between the pharmaceutical company and the third-party payer. An available instrument is a verification cost per patient treated, which allows obtaining the first-best allocation of patients to the new treatment, under the risk sharing agreement. Overall, the welfare effects of risk-sharing agreements are ambiguous, and care must be taken with their use.

Derivation methods for hybrid knowledge bases with rules and ontologies

Trabalho apresentado no âmbito do Mestrado em Engenharia Informática, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Learning to manage in knowledge-based organizations: the role of learning logs or portfolios

Paper presented at the 8th European Conference on Knowledge Management, Barcelona, 6-7 Sep. 2008 URL: http://www.academic-conferences.org/eckm/eckm2007/eckm07-home.htm

Enterprise information portals: potential for evaluating research for knowledge management and human capital assets using social network analysis

Paper presented at the ECKM 2010 – 11th European Conference on Knowledge Management, 2-3 September, 2010, Famalicão, Portugal. URL: http://www.academic-conferences.org/eckm/eckm2010/eckm10-home.htm

The European challenge of KM and innovation: a skills and competence portfolio for the knowledge worker in SME's

This chapter appears in Innovations of Knowledge Management edited by Montano, D. Copyright 2004, IGI Global, www.igi-global.com. Posted by permission of the publisher.

O impacto dos factores humanos na segurança em cuidados de saúde : contribuição para uma revisão da literatura

RESUMO - A segurança dos doentes é, actualmente, um princípio fundamental dos cuidados de saúde. Apesar desta realidade, cada ponto no processo de prestação de cuidados contém um certo grau de insegurança inerente. Os eventos adversos podem resultar de problemas na prática, produtos, processos ou sistemas. A melhoria da segurança do doente implica um esforço de todo um sistema complexo, envolvendo uma ampla gama de acções de melhoria do desempenho, segurança e gestão ambiental de risco, incluindo, entre outras prioridades, a prática de cuidados de saúde em ambiente seguro e com a melhor qualidade. É sabido que todos os anos morrem nos hospitais portugueses, cerca de três mil pessoas, devido a erros cometidos pelos profissionais de saúde. Compreender o erro humano e intervir de forma adequada nas suas causas, implica, muito mais que uma avaliação do facto em si, mas uma avaliação de toda a estrutura onde é passível de ocorrer um erro. São inúmeros os factores que estão relacionados com esta temática, sendo os factores humanos, aqueles que poderão merecer alguma reflexão, pois são ainda algo omitidos nas orientações de gestão e nas considerações de chefias. Assim sendo, pretende-se que, com este projecto de investigação, através de uma revisão da literatura, sejam identificados os vários factores humanos que influenciam o desempenho dos profissionais de saúde, envolvidos na prestação directa de cuidados. Estes factores reflectem-se na segurança dos cuidados de saúde e na melhoria da qualidade prestados nas instituições de saúde. Face aos resultados conclusivos após a revisão de literatura, é verificado que os factores humanos que influenciam o desempenho dos profissionais de saúde são: comunicação e partilha de informação; conhecimento e formação; liderança; trabalho em equipa; cultura de segurança e aprendizagem; carga de trabalho; exigências físicas e ambiente de trabalho. É esperado que o contributo deste trabalho promova o conhecimento em torno desta temática e que se apresente como o início de uma aposta na valorização, cada vez mais importante, mas ainda limitada, destes valores intangíveis da gestão – os factores humanos. ----------------------------------- ABSTRACT - Patient safety is, nowadays, a fundamental principle of health care. Despite this fact, each point in the process of care contains an inherent degree of uncertainty. Adverse events may result from problems in practice, products, processes or systems. Improving patient safety requires an effort of a whole complex system, involving a wide range of measures to improve performance, safety and environmental risk management, including, among other priorities, the practice of health care in a safe environment and the best quality. It is known that every year die, in Portuguese hospitals, around three thousand people, due to mistakes made by health professionals. To understand human error and intervene as appropriate in their causes, it is required much more than an assessment of the fact itself, but an assessment of the whole structure where it is likely to occur. There are countless factors that are related to this issue, but human factors, those who may deserve some consideration, are still left out in management guidelines and supervisors considerations. Therefore, this research project seeks to determine, through a literature review, the identification of various human factors that influence the performance of healthcare providers involved in direct provision of care. The aim is also to know which factors are reflected in safety healthcare and how they are, in fact, crucial in the performance of professionals and in the promotion of quality and safety of the healthcare provided in healthcare institutions. Given the conclusive results after a review of literature, it is found that the human factors that influence the performance of health professionals are: communicating and sharing information, knowledge and training, leadership, teamwork, safety culture and learning; workload, physical demands and work environment. It is expected that this project may contribute to advance of the knowledge regarding this problem and be an essential tool to the beginning of a reliance on the development, increasingly important but still limited, of these intangibles management values – the human factors.

Conservation GIS: Ontology and spatial reasoning for commonsense knowledge.

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.

The role of lifelong learning (LLL) in the creation of a european knowledge- based society

This chapter appears in Encyclopaedia of Human Resources Information Systems: Challenges in e-HRM edited by Torres-Coronas, T. and Arias-Oliva, M. Copyright 2009, IGI Global, www.igi-global.com. Posted by permission of the publisher. URL:http://www.igi-pub.com/reference/details.asp?id=7737