42 resultados para Socio economic background Scheduled Caste
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Masters Thesis Academic Year 2007/2008 - European Masters Degree in Human Rights and Democratization (E.MA) - European Inter-university Centre for Human Rights and Democratization (EIUC) -Faculdade de Direito, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL)
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All every day activities take place in space. And it is upon this that all information and knowledge revolve. The latter are the key elements in the organisation of territories. Their creation, use and distribution should therefore occur in a balanced way throughout the whole territory in order to allow all individuals to participate in an egalitarian society, in which the flow of knowledge can take precedence over the flow of interests. The information society depends, to a large extent, on the technological capacity to disseminate information and, consequently, the knowledge throughout territory, thereby creating conditions which allow a more balanced development, from the both the social and economic points of view thus avoiding the existence of info-exclusion territories. Internet should therefore be considered more than a mere technology, given that its importance goes well beyond the frontiers of culture and society. It is already a part of daily life and of the new forms of thinking and transmitting information, thus making it a basic necessity essential, for a full socio-economic development. Its role as a platform of creation and distribution of content is regarded as an indispensable element for education in todays society, since it makes information a much more easily acquired benefit.in the same way that the new technologies of generation and distribution of energy allowed factories and large companies to establish themselves as the organisational bases of industrial society, so the internet today constitutes the technological base of the organisational form that characterises the Information Era: the network (CASTELLS, 2004:15). The changes taking place today in regional and urban structures are increasingly more evident due to a combination of factors such as faster means of transport, more efficient telecommunications and other cheaper and more advanced technologies of information and knowledge. Although their impact on society is obvious, society itself also has a strong influence on the evolution of these technologies. And although physical distance has lost much of the responsibility it had towards explaining particular phenomena of the economy and of society, other aspects such as telecommunications, new forms of mobility, the networks of innovation, the internet, cyberspace, etc., have become more important, and are the subject of study and profound analysis. The science of geographical information, allows, in a much more rigorous way, the analysis of problems thus integrating in a much more balanced way, the concepts of place, of space and of time. Among the traditional disciplines that have already found their place in this process of research and analysis, we can give special attention to a geography of new spaces, which, while not being a geography of innovation, nor of the Internet, nor even virtual, which can be defined as one of the Information Society, encompassing not only the technological aspects but also including a socio-economic approach. According to the last European statistical data, Portugal shows a deficit in terms of information and knowledge dissemination among its European partners. Some of the causes are very well identified - low levels of scholarship, weak investments on innovation and R&D (both private and public sector) - but others seem to be hidden behind socio-economical and technological factors. So, the justification of Portugal as the case study appeared naturally, on a difficult quest to find the major causes to territorial asymmetries. The substantial amount of data needed for this work was very difficult to obtain and for the islands of Madeira and Azores was insufficient, so only Continental Portugal was considered for this study. In an effort to understand the various aspects of the Geography of the Information Society and bearing in mind the increasing generalised use of information technologies together with the range of technologies available for the dissemination of information, it is important to: (i) Reflect on the geography of the new socio-technological spaces. (ii) Evaluate the potential for the dissemination of information and knowledge through the selection of variables that allow us to determine the dynamic of a given territory or region; (iii) Define a Geography of the Information Society in Continental Portugal.
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RESUMO: Com o presente estudo pretendemos identificar a sobrecarga resultante do envolvimento familiar com os doentes portadores de VIH/SIDA. Numa breve introduo terica, procedemos reviso dos conceitos sobrecarga familiar e dos sentimentos/emoes vivenciados pelos prestadores de cuidados. Metodologia: Estudo do tipo descritivo e exploratrio, com uma amostra de 51 indivduos, cuja finalidade consiste na caracterizao dos prestadores de cuidados familiares a doentes com VIH/SIDA. Objectivos: Identificar quem o doente com VIH/SIDA, considera ser a pessoa significativa nos cuidados informais. Caracterizar, do ponto de vista scio-demogrfico, os doentes e os prestadores de cuidados familiares. Identificar sentimentos e emoes de vivncias, que justifiquem o sofrimento emocional e as repercusses na sobrecarga familiar nos prestadores de cuidados informais. Instrumentos: Na avaliao da sobrecarga familiar, utilizmos o Questionrio de Problemas Familiares- FPQ (Family Problemas Questionnaire). Para identificao dos Acontecimentos de Vida, adoptmos a escala de Holmes e Rahe (Life Events); Para identificao do estrato social escolhemos escala de Graffar. Finalmente, para a caracterizao scio-demografica concebemos dois questionrios: um dirigido aos doentes e o outro aos prestadores de cuidados informais. Concluses: A sobrecarga da doena VIH/SIDA, nos prestadores de cuidados familiares, no uniforme nas diferentes dimenses. A dimenso sobrecarga subjectiva superior objectiva. O suporte social revela-se fraco, relacionado com as perdas familiares, devidas a morte, pelas relaes familiares disfuncionais, entre os membros da famlia, pela falta de apoio e informao dos tcnicos de sade. O sexo feminino predominante nos cuidadores. As mes e esposas so o grau de parentesco dominante. Os solteiros so o grupo mais afectado pelo VIH/SIDA. Os cuidadores apresentam idade superior dos doentes. O estrato social preponderante o mdio baixo e o baixo. Os familiares, apesar da atitude negativa dos doentes perante os cuidadores, mantm-se envolvidos. Segundo a avaliao multiaxial proposta pelo DM-IV, constatmos, ao nvel do eixo I, sintomatologia clnica do tipo das perturbaes depressivas e perturbaes da ansiedade. No eixo IV, os cuidadores evidenciam problemas psicossociais e ambientais, nomeadamente nas categorias problemas com o grupo de apoio primrio, problemas relacionados como grupo social, problemas educacionais, problemas de alojamento, problemas econmicos. Os problemas relacionados com o grupo de apoio primrio, so os que mais parecem contribuir para os problemas psicossociais e ambientais.---------------------------------------ABSTRACT: This study wants to describe several problems as a result of the familys relationship with HIV/AIDS patients, like overload. In a brief theoric introduction, we made a small revision about the concepts of familys overload, and feelings or emotions that have been lived by the people who provide cares to the patients with this chronic disease. Methodology: This is a describing and exploratory study, with a sample with 51 individuals, with the aim to characterize the people inside the family who give care HIV/AIDS patients. Aim: To identify who are the most important people in informal cares from the patient perspective. To characterize, in a social-demographic point of view, patients and the people who take care of them. To identify feelings and emotions that could explain an emotional suffer, and some causes in the family burden. Means: to evaluate the familys overload we used the Family Problems Questionnaire (FPQ). To identify life events we adopted the Holmes and Rahe scale. To identify the social stratum we used the Graffer scale. Finally to do a socio-economic characterization we did two kinds of questionnaire, the first one was directed for the patients, and the second one was chosen for the people who give care. Conclusions: The HIV/AIDS disease burden on the people who takes familiar cares isnt uniform on several areas that we studied. The subjective overload it is superior to the objective. The social support is weak and poor, and related with family losses by dead, dysfunctional family relationships, and the lack of support and information by the medical staff. Mothers and wives are the dominant relative degree. And the singles are the major group with HIV/AIDS disease. The people who take care are usually older than the sick. The major social status is low or medium-low. The relatives keep evolved though the negative attitude of the sick. According with the evaluation multiaxial proposed by the DM-IV, in axle 1 we note clinic sintomatologic belonging to the type depressive perturbations and perturbations of the anxiety. Regarding with axle IV the caretakers show up psycho-social and environmental problems, namely on the categories: problems with the primary support group and problems related as social group, educational problems, accommodation problems and.
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Local Tourist Systems (LTS) can be analyzed according to an investigation structure that derives from industrial economics on industrial districts, local productive systems or learning regions. LTS concept is a useful analytical tool that can seize the resorts diversity and organization. Resorts can be conceived both as clusters or industrial districts, either with a perfect agreement between productive sphere and local community or a mere industrial juxtaposition without any economic or social connection. On the other hand tourist clusters analysis has cross referred almost exclusively to socio-economic criteria. Environmental issues were almost disregarded. Approaches swing from the greening of products and practices to initiatives focused on an integrated approach, linking environment and tourist development. This paper tries to discuss how to favor inside a tourist destination - the creation of clusters grounded on sustainable tourism. The case studies (the 5 Alentejo Natural Reserves: Esturio do Sado; Lagoas de Santo Andr e da Sancha; Vale do Guadiana; Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina; Serra de S. Mamede) are analyzed under the light of how microstructures groups can allow a territorial sustainable tourist development. The issues of resources and competences and governance ar
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The INOTEC-Empresa the Technological Innovation Plan for Enterprises in the Autonomous Region of the Azores (RAA) - was developed in 2006-2007, at the request of the Regional Government, with the main aim of promoting innovation within small and medium enterprises. The methodological approach used in the development of the INOTEC Empresa Plan was designed to obtain a comprehensive view of regional actors and included a document review, participation of the various actors through interviews, a collection of statements from RAA Regio Autnoma dos Aores entrepreneurs, academics, public leaders and other key players, together with an analysis of their views and a survey of the innovation dynamics of the most relevant Azorean enterprises. The INOTEC-Empresa the Technological Innovation Plan for Enterprises comprises seven programmes aimed at promoting innovation in the Region. This paper focuses on the Programmes for Qualification of Human Resources and the Development of Scientific and Technological Capacities for Innovation. Some socio-economic data and the metrics selected to assess and benchmark the implementation of the Plan will als
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Thesis submitted to the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Cincias e Tecnologia for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Engineering
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RESUMO:O objectivo deste estudo foi analisar a relao entre mobilidade funcional, risco de queda, nvel de actividade fsica e percepo de sade de 34 indivduos praticantes (n=18) e no praticantes (n=16) de exerccio fsico duas ou mais vezes por semana durante pelo menos 45 minutos, residentes na comunidade e ambulatrios. Tipo de estudo: transversal exploratrio-descritivo. Metodologia: foi feito um levantamento das variveis de caracterizao (idade, sexo, habilitaes literrias, situao scio-econmica, situao familiar) e do estado cognitivo e estado emocional/depresso (Mini-Mental State Examination e Geriatric Depression Scale). As variveis em anlise foram: a mobilidade funcional avaliada atravs do Timed up and GoTest, o risco de queda medido com o Funtional Reach Test, o nvel de actividade fsica avaliado atravs do Questionrio Internacional de Actividade Fsica (IPAQ) e a percepo de sade medida atravs do SF-6D. Foi tambm questionada a prtica de alguma modalidade de exerccio fsico, da sua frequncia e durao. Os dados foram analisados atravs de estatstica descritiva, foi realizada uma regresso linear mltipla e uma anlise bivariada das correlaes, utilizando o coeficiente de correlao linear de Pearson (p 0,05).Resultados: verificou-se que, na amostra global, a maioria dos indivduos apresentou uma mobilidade funcional considerada normal (TUG<10 segundos), e um risco de queda moderado (FRT entre 15,24 e 25,40 cm), embora sem diferenas entre os grupos em anlise. A actividade fsica apresentou uma durao mdia de 685,88540,16 minutos por semana, sendo que 18 indivduos praticavam exerccio fsico pelo menos 45 minutos e duas ou mais vezes por semana.A percepo do estado de sade foi bastante satisfatria, sendo a pontuao mdia do SF-6D de 0,9150,067. A anlise entre grupos demonstrou que o grupo que praticava exerccio fsico apresentava um maior nmero de indivduos na faixa etria dos 65-74 anos, tinha mais escolarizao e melhor estado cognitivo. Estes indivduos eram fisicamente mais activos e faziam-o, na sua maioria, com uma frequncia bissemanal, apenas um desempenhando uma modalidade de intensidade vigorosa. A anlise estatstica demonstrou que: a mobilidade funcional e o risco de queda eram mais desfavorveis nos indivduos com mais idade; o estado cognitivo estava associado a maior mobilidade funcional; uma boa mobilidade funcional correspondeu a um risco de queda reduzido, a mais prtica de actividade fsica, a melhor percepo do estado de sade e a manuteno do estado cognitivo. Os indivduos com menor risco de queda apresentaram melhor estado cognitivo e emocional. E este ltimo correspondeu a uma melhor percepo do estado de sade e a um melhor estado cognitivo. Concluso: a manuteno da mobilidade funcional reduz o risco de queda aumenta a prtica de actividade fsica e melhora a percepo de sade de indivduos com 65 ou mais anos residentes na comunidade.--------- ABSTRACT: Objective: the aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between functional mobility, falls risk, level of physical activity and health perception in a sample of 34 subjects, 18 that practice exercise two or more times a week for at least 45 minutes and 16 that dont practice exercise, residents and community. Designs: cross-sectional exploratory-descriptive survey. Methods: descriptive variables are age, sex, education, socio-economic level, family status, cognitive status (Mini-Mental State Examination) and emotional status/depression (Geriatric Depression Scale). We analyze the functional mobility with the Timed up and Go Test, the falls risk with Functional Reach Test, the level of physical activity with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and health perception with SF-6D. We also questioned the practice of exercise, their frequency and duration. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a multiple linear regression analysis and bivariate correlations, using the linear correlation coefficient of Pearson (p 0.05). Results: we found that, in the total sample, most individuals had considered a normal functional mobility (TUG <10 seconds), and a moderate falls risk (FRT between 15.24 and 25.40 cm), but no difference between groups. Physical activity showed an mean of 685.88 540.16 minutes per week, with 18 individuals pratice physical exercise at least 45 minutes and two or more times per week. The mean score of the SF-6D was 0.915 0.067 and the perception of health was satisfactory. The analysis between groups showed that the group that practice physical exercise had a greater number of individuals aged 65-74 years, had more schooling and better cognitive status. These subjects were more physically active and mostly did it two times a weak and only one playing a kind of vigorous intensity. The multiple linear regression and correlations, using the linear correlation coefficient of Pearson (p0.05) showed that: functional mobility and fall risk decrease with age increase. The cognitive status was associated with greater functional mobility, a good functional mobility corresponded to a reduced falls risk, more physical activity, a better perception of health status and maintenance of cognitive status. Subjects with lower falls risk had better cognitive and emotional state. And subjects with a better emotional status have a better health perception and better cognitive status. Conclusion: the maintenance of functional mobility reduces falls risk, increase physical activity and improves health perception of individuals with 65 years or older living in the community.
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Thesis submitted to the Instituto Superior de Estatstica e Gesto de Informao da Universidade Nova de Lisboa in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Information Management Geographic Information Systems
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.
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Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA School of Business and Economics
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This paper provides empirical evidence of the impact of life satisfaction on the individual intention to migrate. The impacts of individual characteristics and of country macroeconomic variables on the intention to migrate are analyzed jointly. Differently from other studies, we allow for life satisfaction to serve as a mediator between macroeconomic variables and the intention to migrate. Using the Eurobarometer Survey for 27 Central Eastern European (CEE) and Western European (non-CEE) countries, we find that people have a higher intention to migrate when dissatisfied with life. The socio-economic variables and macroeconomic conditions have an effect on the intention to migrate indirectly through life satisfaction. The impact of life satisfaction on the intention to migrate for middle-aged individuals with past experience of migration, low level of education, and with a low or average income from urban areas is higher in CEE countries than in non-CEE countries.
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Dissertao para a obteno do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia e Gesto da gua
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The dissertation presented for obtaining the Masters Degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, at Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Cincias e Tecnologia
