New natural hydraulic lime mortars – Physical and microstructural properties in different curing conditions

Construction and Building Materials 54 (2014) 378–384

Interactive acquisition of spatial information from images for multimedia applications

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Informática

eVentos 2 - Autonomous sailboat control

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Atividade física e Saúde Pública : políticas e estratégias de ação intersectorial na promoção de health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) em Portugal

RESUMO - INTRODUÇÃO: A promoção de health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA), entendida como atividade física para a saúde, revela-se um dos aspectos fulcrais do trabalho de ação intersectorial da saúde pública e um dos principais desafios atuais no combate a esta pandemia da inatividade física de consequências na saúde, económicas, ambientais e sociais. A inatividade física está identificada como sendo um dos fatores de risco que contribui largamente para a mortalidade global. Análises às abordagens políticas de promoção da atividade física para a saúde são importantes instrumentos de sistematização da informação relacionada com o estudo deste problema. OBJETIVOS: É objetivo deste estudo analisar políticas e estratégias de ação intersectorial na promoção da atividade física para a saúde em Portugal. Em específico, elencar e analisar: 1) principais políticas e estratégias atuais dos diferentes sectores; 2) consideração de qual é o papel do sector da saúde no assunto; 3) fatores-chave e critérios de sucesso para a implementação de políticas de promoção de HEPA. METODOLOGIA: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e transversal, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e abertas pelos sectores da saúde, educação, desporto, transportes/planeamento urbano e ação social; análise documental, relativamente aos últimos 3 anos, com análise de conteúdo quanto aos critérios de sucesso presentes. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas várias categorias nas dimensões macroambiente, microambiente e individual dos determinantes da atividade física no trabalho dos diferentes sectores; o sector da saúde não foi habitualmente considerado como devendo proporcionar administração para a ação intersectorial neste domínio; foram identificados os critérios: com menor expressão no material analisado, aos quais é atribuída maior importância e aqueles com menor aplicabilidade nos documentos analisados. CONCLUSÕES: Não podemos afirmar que exista uma abordagem política/estratégica integrada de abrangência nacional, operacional, no que respeita à promoção da atividade física para a saúde. São limitadas as conclusões pelas características inerentes ao tipo de estudo desenhado, no entanto, pensamos ter contribuído para descrever as principais políticas e estratégias de ação intersectorial na promoção de HEPA em Portugal. Estudos mais abrangentes em termos de níveis de governação, sectores envolvidos e período temporal deverão ser desenvolvidos de forma a potenciar o desenvolvimento da atividade física e saúde pública.

R&D spillovers in an endogenous growth model with physical capital, human capital and varieties

There is a family of models with Physical, Human capital and R&D for which convergence properties have been discussed (Arnold, 2000a; Gómez, 2005). However, spillovers in R&D have been ignored in this context. We introduce spillovers in this model and derive its steady-state and stability properties. This new feature implies that the model is characterized by a system of four differential equations. A unique Balanced Growth Path along with a two dimensional stable manifold are obtained under simple and reasonable conditions. Transition is oscillatory toward the steady-state for plausible values of parameters.

On the physical-chemical properties of ceramide C16

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Chemistry.

Electrodialytic remediation of two types of air pollution control residues and their applicability in construction materials

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente Perfil de Engenharia de Sistemas Ambientais

Improved polymeric medical devices for active substances delivery

The work presented in this thesis was developed in collaboration with a Portuguese company, BeyonDevices, devoted to pharmaceutical packaging, medical technology and device industry. Specifically, the composition impact and surface modification of two polymeric medical devices from the company were studied: inhalers and vaginal applicators. The polyethylene-based vaginal applicator was modified using supercritical fluid technology to acquire self-cleaning properties and prevent the transport of bacteria and yeasts to vaginal flora. For that, in-situ polymerization of 2-substituted oxazolines was performed within the polyethylene matrix using supercritical carbon dioxide. The cationic ring-opening polymerization process was followed by end-capping with N,N-dimethyldodecylamine. Furthermore, for the same propose, the polyethylene matrix was impregnated with lavender oil in supercritical medium. The obtained materials were characterized physical and morphologically and the antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts was accessed. Materials modified using 2-substituted oxazolines showed an effective killing ability for all the tested microorganisms, while the materials modified with lavender oil did not show antimicrobial activity. Only materials modified with oligo(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) maintain the activity during the long term stability. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the materials was tested, confirming their biocompatibilty. Regarding the inhaler, its surface was modified in order to improve powder flowability and consequently, to reduce powder retention in the inhaler´s nozzle. New dry powder inhalers (DPIs), with different needle’s diameters, were evaluated in terms of internal resistance and uniformity of the emitted dose. It was observed that they present a mean resistance of 0.06 cmH2O0.5/(L/min) and the maximum emitted dose obtained was 68.9% for the inhaler with higher needle´s diameter (2 mm). Thus, this inhaler was used as a test and modified by the coating with a commonly-used force control agent, magnesium stearate, dried with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and the uniformity of delivered dose tests were repeated. The modified inhaler showed an increase in emitted dose from 68.9% to 71.3% for lactose and from 30.0% to 33.7% for Foradil.

Development of composite particles for pulmonary delivery

In this work, biocompatible and biodegradable poly(D-L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles with the potential for use as a controlled release system of vaccines and other drugs to the lung were manufactured using supercritical CO2, through the Supercritical Assisted Atomization (SAA) technique. After performing a controlled variance in production parameters (temperature, pressure, CO2/solution flow ratio) PLGA microparticles were characterized and later used to encapsulate active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was chosen as model protein and vaccine, while sildenafil was the chosen drug to treat pulmonary artery hypertension and their effect on the particles characteristics was evaluated. All the produced formulations were characterized in relation to their morphology (Morphologi G3 and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM)), to their physical-chemical properties (X-ray diffraction (XRD, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)) and aerodynamic performance using an in vitro aerosolization study – Andersen cascade impactor (ACI) - to obtain data such as the fine particle fraction (FPF) and the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD). Furthermore, pharmacokinetic, biodegradability and biocompatibility tests were performed in order to verify the particle suitability for inhalation. The resulting particles showed aerodynamic diameters between the 3 and 5 μm, yields up to 58% and FPF percentages rounding the 30%. Taken as a whole, the produced microparticles do present the necessary requests to make them appropriate for pulmonary delivery.

Image processing for displacement measurements

Since the invention of photography humans have been using images to capture, store and analyse the act that they are interested in. With the developments in this field, assisted by better computers, it is possible to use image processing technology as an accurate method of analysis and measurement. Image processing's principal qualities are flexibility, adaptability and the ability to easily and quickly process a large amount of information. Successful examples of applications can be seen in several areas of human life, such as biomedical, industry, surveillance, military and mapping. This is so true that there are several Nobel prizes related to imaging. The accurate measurement of deformations, displacements, strain fields and surface defects are challenging in many material tests in Civil Engineering because traditionally these measurements require complex and expensive equipment, plus time consuming calibration. Image processing can be an inexpensive and effective tool for load displacement measurements. Using an adequate image acquisition system and taking advantage of the computation power of modern computers it is possible to accurately measure very small displacements with high precision. On the market there are already several commercial software packages. However they are commercialized at high cost. In this work block-matching algorithms will be used in order to compare the results from image processing with the data obtained with physical transducers during laboratory load tests. In order to test the proposed solutions several load tests were carried out in partnership with researchers from the Civil Engineering Department at Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL).

Learning new tricks: Corticostriatal dynamics during novel skill learning

Learning novel actions and skills is a prevalent ability across multiple species and a critical feature for survival and competence in a constantly changing world. Novel actions are generated and learned through a process of trial and error, where an animal explores the environment around itself, generates multiple patterns of behavior and selects the ones that increase the likelihood of positive outcomes. Proper adaptation and execution of the selected behavior requires the coordination of several biomechanical features by the animal. Cortico-basal ganglia circuits and loops are critically involved in the acquisition, learning and consolidation of motor skills.(...)

Choosing the gender and skill of politicians: List composition and electability across Brazilian municipalities

This work project studies the effect of variations in the proportion of female candidates on the quality of politicians. This effect was divided between nominated and elected body. Cross-sectional data was used for two elections, and an OLS as an IV approach. Results show that the existence of female candidates on parties’ list increases the quality of the nominated body. Moreover, contrary to what many advocate, increasing the presence of female candidates either increases or has no effect on the quality of the elected body. Results that were confirmed for the overall data and controlling for region factors only.