Aprender a ser: um estudo em duas escolas portuguesas

Aprender a ser constitui um dos pilares da educação no século XXI como recomendado nos relatórios de Faure (1972) e de Delors (1996) para a UNESCO. Partilhando o conceito de aprendizagem ao longo da vida, ambos os relatórios salientam a importância dos indivíduos crescerem no conhecimento e domínio de si. Aprender a ser Homem, a ser si próprio e, finalmente, a ser feliz são as metas deste pilar na vida de cada indivíduo. Numa abordagem filosófica ao tema, desdobrámos a aprendizagem do ser num conjunto de dimensões que a escola deve promover no dia-a-dia escolar para proporcionar aos seus alunos a aprendizagem de ser Homem e ser si próprios. Complementámos a leitura dos dois relatórios com outros autores contemporâneos, como Fernando Savater e Roberto Carneiro, para ficarmos com as seguintes nove dimensões: Carisma natural; Memória; Tomada de decisão; Comunicação; Imaginação e criatividade; Equilíbrio físico-espiritual; Sentido estético; Relação com o meio-ambiente; e Valores e moral. Interessa-nos perceber qual o conhecimento que as escolas portuguesas têm sobre a aprendizagem do ser e as práticas que desenvolvem nesse sentido e, por isso, decidimos fazer um estudo prospetivo através da análise de duas escolas da cidade de Lisboa, uma pública e uma privada. O caso de estudo das duas escolas permitiu-nos indicar alguns possíveis caminhos para a compreensão do grau de sensibilização e preparação das escolas portuguesas para oferecerem aos seus alunos boas oportunidades de desenvolvimento enquanto Homens e seres únicos e originais. Entre outras descobertas, entendemos haver três eixos especialmente importantes na promoção da aprendizagem do ser: formação de professores; atividades e projetos escolares; e as estruturas escolares de apoio ao aluno. Com base nos resultados que obtivemos, cremos haver motivos para pensar que existe um conhecimento razoável sobre o que é a aprendizagem do ser e a sua importância. Parece-nos, ainda, que poderá haver uma ligeira superiorização do ensino privado, face ao público, na sua capacidade de proporcionar esta aprendizagem junto dos seus alunos.

Lucuma as an exotic high quality fruit imported into Portugal and the UE

This project has two different goals, one of them is to promote the consumption of exotic fruits with high quality. The other goal of the project is to look for the viability of turning this work project into a real business, focusing in two different channels to diversify its revenues: B2B and B2C. In order to achieve this second goal, this project aims to see the best way to commercialize this product (Lucuma powder and Pulp of Lucuma) and how to make it in an efficient way with right companies. Therefore, the project aims to create a company to commercialize the product between the producers in Peru and possibly small businesses interested in acquire the processed fruit and also individuals interested in own consumption in small quantities. This project, if successful, tries to diversify the consumption into other good organic healthy products in the long-term.

Decentralization and privatization in Portuguese health reforms

ABSTRACT - The Portuguese National Health Service (SNS), a universal, centralized and public owned health care system, exhibits an extraordinary record of equalization in the access to health care and health gains in the late thirty years. However, the most recent history of the Portuguese health reform is pervaded by the influence of decentralization and privatization. Decentralization has been present in the system design since the 1976 Constitution, at least in theory. Private ownership of health care suppliers and out-ofpocket expenditures, on the financing side, both have a long tradition of relevance in the NHS mix of services. The initial aim of this study was to demonstrate expected parallelism between health reforms and public administration reforms, where a common pattern of joint decentralization and privatization was observed in many countries. Observers would be tempted to consider these two movements as common signs of new public management (NPM) developments. They have common objectives, are established around the core concepts of gains in effectiveness, efficiency, equity and quality of public services, through improved accountability. However, in practice, in Portugal, each movement was developed in a totally separated way. Besides those rooted in the NPM theory, there are few visible signs of association between decentralization and privatization. Decentralization, in the Portuguese SNS, was never intended to be followed by a privatization movement; it was seen merely as a public administration tool. Private management of health services, as stated in the most recent SNS legislation, was never intended to have decentralization as a condition or as a consequence. Paradoxically, in the Portuguese context, it has led invariably to centralized control. While presented as separate instruments for a common purpose, the association between decentralization and privatization still lacks a convincing demonstration. Many common health care management stereotypes remain to be checked out if we want to look for eventual associations between these two organizational tools.

Banco de Sabell, S.A.

Equity research report

Innovative medicines in the portuguese private health sector

The present dissertation aims at contributing to a strategic view over the use of innovative medicines in the portuguese private health sector, as a way of being complementary to public system that nowadays finances most of the innovative medicines. With the rationalization of expenses in the public health sector, pharmaceutical companies tend to look for opportunities of expansion to the private sector. The creation of innovative financial models for the private sector to cover innovative treatments is the proposed way of surpassing the restriction on the NHS sales of innovative medicines. This can be both for differentiating private health providers from the NHS or for the creation of premium services that can be differentiated from other private providers of the portuguese market.

Contingent contracts

International businesses bring with them additional negotiation complexities and extra risks, thus calling for negotiation integrative solutions and additional legal protection. The recent economic crisis forced, companies, including SMEs, to look for international markets and face these additional complexities and issues. In the search for a practical and simplified solution, to serve less sophisticated companies, this paper brings insights from the negotiation literature to a specific legal issue. Specifically, I investigate the negotiation and use of contingent agreements as a tool for facilitating the negotiation process and managing risk in international deals. Looking into an international sale of goods from Portugal to Brazil, this paper proposes the structuring of two contingent contracts related to two category of products in order to demonstrate the potential benefits of some of its relevant features, specifically the creation of incentives and identification and allocation of future risks. In general, the structuring of contingent agreements is likely to provide positive results in mitigating the issues of lack of trust and dealing with the additional risks derived from international deals, therefore facilitating and improving the overall quality of the deal.