Home Banking

The object of this dissertation is focused on the study of the home banking service and how the allocation of losses due to computer fraud is processed in the scope of this service. When considering the questions raised by the allocation of losses associated with fraudulent operations, it is important to consider, mainly, the behaviour of the user of the home banking service. In our opinion, courts have been too demanding towards the user when judging his action in the use of this service. In this study, we have concluded that, when the user “falls” into a computer fraud scheme, he should not be liable for gross negligent behaviour, even if, due to the fraud, the user revealed all his access codes to a hacker on a page similar to that of his bank. In general, such facts will not be sufficient to qualify the user’s action as grossly negligent. Therefore, the user, under the terms of the Payment Services’ System, must bear the loss up to a maximum of €150, and the bank will face the remainder of the losses. However, if the user, victim of a fraudulent technique, ignored the safety warnings issued by the bank, one must consider, given the specific case, that he contributed to gross negligence in unauthorised payment transactions. Thus, the user must bear all the losses up to the moment when he notifies the bank about the unauthorised transactions. It is the bank’s responsibility to, given the specific case, adduce evidence of the client’s contribution to the identified losses.

The good, the bad and the ugly: The fall and resolution of Banco Espírito Santo

This case study – and accompanying teaching note – briefly describes the history of the Espírito Santo family, a banking dynasty who led one of Portugal’s leading economic and financial groups, along with its “crown jewel”, Banco Espírito Santo. It chronicles how the corporate governance issues at BES allowed the family to exploit the bank, its shareholders and its customers, so as to support its unprofitable non-financial businesses. This left the bank in a poor financial situation, which deteriorated beyond control, leaving regulators – whose actions are also analysed here – with no alternative, amidst a severe liquidity crisis, but to apply a resolution measure, pinning large losses on junior bondholders and shareholders before recapitalising the bank.

Banco popular: Equity research

UNL - NSBE

Banco Santander: equity research

UNL - NSBE

Banco BPI and the reimbursement of contingent convertible subordinated bonds (CoCos)

This case study focuses on the BPI’s recapitalization plan, its causes and the reasons for the early reimbursement of CoCos in June 2014. The need for a capital intervention and the subsequent subscription agreement with the Portuguese Government of €1 500 million Core Tier 1 instruments were the result of a temporary capital buffer for sovereign debt exposures imposed by the European Banking Authority. The capital increase, the positive earnings in 2012 and 2013, the improvements in the sovereign debt crisis, the implementation of Basel III, in addition to the public exchange offer and the conversion of deferred tax assets into tax credits are the main factors for concluding the entire recapitalization operation three years before the deadline.

Banco Invest's internationalization

Field lab: Business project

Tomada de decisão em engenharia com base na teoria axiomática – caso de seleção de banco de ensaios para atuadores hidráulicos

A atividade de engenharia implica uma constante necessidade de tomadas de decisão. Na sua atividade profissional, o engenheiro está permanentemente a ter que tomar decisões cuja dificuldade pode variar desde casos simples até situações de elevada complexidade, dependendo do número de fatores envolvidos e da sua incerteza associada. A tomada de decisão durante a parte conceptual do projeto é uma destas situações, na medida em que as decisões então tomadas determinam fortemente os desenvolvimentos subsequentes. Por outro lado, a informação disponível é ainda escassa. Para além disso, quaisquer alterações posteriores contribuirão necessariamente para o encarecimento da solução final. É sobre a tomada de decisão na fase embrionária do projeto que se insere a presente dissertação. Nela se enfoca a importância da existência de ferramentas de suporte à tomada de decisão em projeto de engenharia contribuindo para a fundamentação das opções tomadas. Como exemplo, neste trabalho é feita a escolha de uma opção, de entre quatro possíveis apresentadas, para um banco de ensaios para atuadores hidráulicos usados no trem de aterragem dos aviões Dornier 228. Inicialmente são apresentadas algumas das principais teorias e métodos para apoio à tomada de decisão em engenharia, tendo sido eleita a Teoria Axiomática do Projeto como ferramenta de suporte para a seleção da melhor opção entre várias soluções alternativas. A escolha da Teoria Axiomática reside no facto de esta se caracterizar por ter uma fundamentação teórica de acordo com os padrões da ciência moderna e apresentar uma base analítica rigorosa para a condução da atividade de projeto. Depois de uma análise detalhada à legislação aeronáutica aplicável aos ensaios e do levantamento das condições físicas e humanas existentes na empresa onde decorreu o presente estudo, foram geradas quatro soluções alternativas para a instalação de um banco de ensaios para atuadores hidráulicos. A opção selecionada foi feita com base no conteúdo de informação de cada alternativa, de acordo segundo axioma da Teoria Axiomática. A dissertação termina com o desenvolvimento mais detalhado da solução eleita, após o que são retiradas conclusões e apontadas desejáveis ações futuras.

A possibilidade de utilização das publicações nas redes sociais como prova nos procedimentos disciplinares e despedimento dos trabalhadores

In these days, Internet and social media represent a big advance in communication. Using the internet brings people a lot of benefits and facilities, but with them comes risks and problems that are turning the line between public and private life smaller. The frequent use of internet and the unbridled use of it we see nowadays on its utilization brings problems related to people privacy, and the dividing line between private and public life is becoming more blurred and admitting the employer intromission on employee’s private life. So, it assumes the largest importance understand in which way this employee’s on exposure on social media brings problems and risks to employment relationship and establish some criteria in order to decide what needs legal protection. But should we affirm that protection when the employee’s publications on social media brings problems to the employer or the company? We think, in these cases, and considering some facts, employee’s private life should cede before the employer’s rights.

Banco Invest understanding the drivers of growth

Field lab: Business project

Banco BPI SA financial institutions

Equity research report

Banco Invest understanding how to grow in the Portuguese individual clients segment the client analysis

Field lab: Business project

The price of honour: The corporate governance of Banco Espirito Santo

The Price of Honour is a case study, supported with teaching notes, which describes the events and circumstances surrounding the implosion of one of Portugal’s most systemically important banks - Banco Espírito Santo (BES). The case focuses on BES’s corporate governance and how the Espírito Santo family’s tight control of the bank led to its exploitation. Although the situation caught the attention of the bank’s supervisors, their untimely actions could not prevent BES’s financial health from crumbling only two months after a rights issue. With little leeway, the supervisors put forward a resolution which dramatically ended the bank’s centennial legacy.

Banco de Sabell, S.A.

Equity research report

Banco invest: Understanding how to grow in teh portuguese individual clients segment competitors analysis

Field lab: Business project