Biochemical and spectroscopic characterization of the membrane-bound nitrate reductase from Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus 617

J Biol Inorg Chem (2008) 13:1321–1333 DOI 10.1007/s00775-008-0416-1

Transimpedance amplifier for integrated SpO2 optic sensor

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

A happiness index of human development

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Pirólise de óleos vegetais de elevada acidez

Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Energia e Bioenergia

A 1.2 V low noise amplifier with double feedback for high gain and low noise figure

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores

A low-voltage RF-CMOS receiver front-end for a wireless fall detection microsystem

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores, pela Universidade Nova de Ciências e Tecnologia

Rex musicus. Iconografia do salmo 80 nas bíblias francesas do século XIII

Revista do IHA, N.3 (2007),pp.130-151

CMOS indoor light energy harvesting system for wireless sensing applications

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

Transimpedance amplifier for early detection of breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide. The effectiveness of its treatment depends on early stage detection, as well as on the accuracy of its diagnosis. Recently, diagnosis techniques have been submitted to relevant breakthroughs with the upcoming of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasound Sonograms and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans, among others. The work presented here is focused on studying the application of a PET system to a Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) system. A PET/PEM system works under the principle that a scintillating crystal will detect a gamma-ray pulse, originated at the cancerous cells, converting it into a correspondent visible light pulse. The latter must then be converted into an electrical current pulse by means of a Photo- -Sensitive Device (PSD). After the PSD there must be a Transimpedance Amplifier (TIA) in order to convert the current pulse into a suitable output voltage, in a time period lower than 40 ns. In this Thesis, the PSD considered is a Silicon Photo-Multiplier (SiPM). The usage of this recently developed type of PSD is impracticable with the conventional TIA topologies, as it will be proven. Therefore, the usage of the Regulated Common-Gate (RCG) topology will be studied in the design of the amplifier. There will be also presented two RCG variations, comprising a noise response improvement and differential operation of the circuit. The mentioned topology will also be tested in a Radio-Frequency front-end, showing the versatility of the RCG. A study comprising a low-voltage self-biasing feedback TIA will also be shown. The proposed circuits will be simulated with standard CMOS technology (UMC 130 nm), using a 1.2 V power supply. A power consumption of 0.34 mW with a signal-to-noise ratio of 43 dB was achieved.

Simulação da secção de recuperação de solvente do processo de produção do PEAD

A presente dissertação foi realizada no âmbito de um estágio curricular no complexo petroquímico da Repsol Polímeros em Sines e teve como objectivo implementar uma simulação da secção de recuperação de solvente da unidade de produção de PEAD. A simulação foi realizada através do software Aspen Hysys (v. 7.3) e posteriormente validada, onde se verificou uma boa correspondência entre o comportamento simulado e o do processo industrial. Após validação, com o intuito de analisar a resposta do sistema a alterações processuais, foram elaborados dois casos de estudo: Alteração do comonómero para 1-hexeno e substituição do n-hexano para n-pentano como solvente. No primeiro caso de estudo foram encontrados problemas na purificação do solvente. A separação da mistura n-hexano/1-hexeno foi estudada por destilação convencional e extractiva (com adição de n-metil-2-pirrolidona). Por destilação convencional não foi possível separar completamente os dois compostos, mas foi conseguida a condição mínima requerida pelas limitações do processo, de um caudal de 10 ton/h de hexano na corrente de topo, juntamente com os 700 kg/h de comonómero, com uma coluna a operar a 110 kPa, com 130 pratos e cuja alimentação entrava no 5º andar. A destilação extractiva revelou-se o método mais eficaz, conseguindo-se separar completamente as duas espécies através de uma coluna de destilação com 10 pratos a 110 kPa com a alimentação e solvente a entrar respectivamente no 4º e 5º andar. Para remoção do agente extractivo, cada uma das correntes sofre outra destilação. No segundo caso de estudo verificou-se que a secção simulada com pentano apresenta temperaturas de operação inferiores, o que por um lado vai diminuir o consumo de vapor de média e de alta pressão, mas por outro aumenta a 47992% a utilização de brine. Desta forma, atendendo ao custo elevado desta utilidade, a substituição não apresenta clara vantagem energética ao processo.

Contribuição para o estudo das parasitoses em Portugal: Helmintas intestinais em crianças escolares do concelho de Palmela

Nos últimos anos, os trabalhos desenvolvidos na área da epidemiologia parasitária em Portugal são escassos. Assim, este trabalho teve como objectivo contribuir para um melhor conhecimento das helmintoses intestinais presentes em crianças escolares, em Portugal e relacionar a situação parasitária de cada indivíduo com os resultados dos inquéritos sobre comportamentos e condições de vida. Foi realizado um inquérito epidemiológico em duas escolas do Concelho de Palmela, abrangendo um universo de 223 crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 5 e os 12 anos, das quais 121 pertenciam ao sexo feminino e 102 ao sexo masculino. As escolas em estudo estão localizadas numa zona urbana (Escola de Palmela) com um total de 130 alunos e numa zona peri-urbana (Escola do Bairro Alentejano) com um total de 132. Para a pesquisa de ovos de parasitas intestinais nas amostras de fezes foram utilizados dois métodos: a técnica de Willis e o kit comercial - Easy-Copros, concentrador para parasitas intestinais. Todas as amostras do presente estudo foram negativas. A comparação dos resultados por nós obtidos com os relatados em publicações anteriores leva-nos a concluir que nos últimos anos tem ocorrido uma diminuição dos helmintas intestinais. Este facto, de acordo com os nossos dados, estará relacionado com uma melhoria das condições socioeconómicas das populações, uma rede de infra-estruturas de saneamento básico abrangente em parceria com os projectos desenvolvidos pelos Centros de Saúde, no âmbito da Saúde Escolar.

Mechanical characterization of aortas using 2D ultrasound elastography

Rupture of aortic aneurysms (AA) is a major cause of death in the Western world. Currently, clinical decision upon surgical intervention is based on the diameter of the aneurysm. However, this method is not fully adequate. Noninvasive assessment of the elastic properties of the arterial wall can be a better predictor for AA growth and rupture risk. The purpose of this study is to estimate mechanical properties of the aortic wall using in vitro inflation testing and 2D ultrasound (US) elastography, and investigate the performance of the proposed methodology for physiological conditions. Two different inflation experiments were performed on twelve porcine aortas: 1) a static experiment for a large pressure range (0 – 140 mmHg); 2) a dynamic experiment closely mimicking the in vivo hemodynamics at physiological pressures (70 – 130 mmHg). 2D raw radiofrequency (RF) US datasets were acquired for one longitudinal and two cross-sectional imaging planes, for both experiments. The RF-data were manually segmented and a 2D vessel wall displacement tracking algorithm was applied to obtain the aortic diameter–time behavior. The shear modulus G was estimated assuming a Neo-Hookean material model. In addition, an incremental study based on the static data was performed to: 1) investigate the changes in G for increasing mean arterial pressure (MAP), for a certain pressure difference (30, 40, 50 and 60 mmHg); 2) compare the results with those from the dynamic experiment, for the same pressure range. The resulting shear modulus G was 94 ± 16 kPa for the static experiment, which is in agreement with literature. A linear dependency on MAP was found for G, yet the effect of the pressure difference was negligible. The dynamic data revealed a G of 250 ± 20 kPa. For the same pressure range, the incremental shear modulus (Ginc) was 240 ± 39 kPa, which is in agreement with the former. In general, for all experiments, no significant differences in the values of G were found between different image planes. This study shows that 2D US elastography of aortas during inflation testing is feasible under controlled and physiological circumstances. In future studies, the in vivo, dynamic experiment should be repeated for a range of MAPs and pathological vessels should be examined. Furthermore, the use of more complex material models needs to be considered to describe the non-linear behavior of the vascular tissue.

A piezoelectric based energy harvester interface for a CMOS wireless sensor IC

In this thesis a piezoelectric energy harvesting system, responsible for regulating the power output of a piezoelectric transducer subjected to ambient vibration, is designed to power an RF receiver with a 6 mW power consump-tion. The electrical characterisation of the chosen piezoelectric transducer is the starting point of the design, which subsequently presents a full-bridge cross-coupled rectifier that rectifies the AC output of the transducer and a low-dropout regulator responsible for delivering a constant voltage system output of 0.6 V, with low voltage ripple, which represents the receiver’s required sup-ply voltage. The circuit is designed using CMOS 130 nm UMC technology, and the system presents an inductorless architecture, with reduced area and cost. The electrical simulations run for the complete circuit lead to the conclusion that the proposed piezoelectric energy harvesting system is a plausible solution to power the RF receiver, provided that the chosen transducer is subjected to moderate levels of vibration.

Design of a low-voltage CMOS RF receiver for energy harvesting sensor node

In this thesis a CMOS low-power and low-voltage RF receiver front-end is presented. The main objective is to design this RF receiver so that it can be powered by a piezoelectric energy harvesting power source, included in a Wireless Sensor Node application. For this type of applications the major requirements are: the low-power and low-voltage operation, the reduced area and cost and the simplicity of the architecture. The system key blocks are the LNA and the mixer, which are studied and optimized with greater detail, achieving a good linearity, a wideband operation and a reduced introduction of noise. A wideband balun LNA with noise and distortion cancelling is designed to work at a 0.6 V supply voltage, in conjunction with a double-balanced passive mixer and subsequent TIA block. The passive mixer operates in current mode, allowing a minimal introduction of voltage noise and a good linearity. The receiver analog front-end has a total voltage conversion gain of 31.5 dB, a 0.1 - 4.3 GHz bandwidth, an IIP3 value of -1.35 dBm, and a noise figure lower than 9 dB. The total power consumption is 1.9 mW and the die area is 305x134.5 m2, using a standard 130 nm CMOS technology.

Synthesis of Polymeric Nanoparticles for biomedical delivery applications

Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) have attracted considerable interest over the last few years due to their unique properties and behaviors provided by their small size. Such materials could be used in a wide range of applications such as diagnostics and drug delivery. Advantages of PNPs include controlled release, protection of drug molecules and its specific targeting, with concomitant increasing of the therapeutic index. In this work, novel sucrose and cholic acid based PNPs were prepared from different polymers, namely polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and PLGA-co-PEG copolymer. In these PNP carriers, cholic acid will act as a drug incorporation site and the carbohydrate as targeting moiety. The uptake of nanoparticles into cells usually involves endocytotic processes, which depend primarily on their size and surface characteristics. These properties can be tuned by the nanoparticle preparation method. Therefore, the nanoprecipitation and the emulsion-solvent evaporation method were applied to prepare the PNPs. The influence of various parameters, such as concentration of the starting solution, evaporation method and solvent properties on the nanoparticle size, size distribution and morphology were studied. The PNPs were characterized by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to assess their size distribution and morphology. The PNPs obtained by nanoprecipitation ranged in size between 90 nm and 130 nm with a very low polydispersity index (PDI < 0.3). On the other hand, the PNPs produced by the emulsion-solvent evaporation method revealed particle sizes around 300 nm with a high PDI value. More detailed information was found in AFM and SEM images, which demonstrated that all these PNPs were regularly spherical. ζ-potential measurements were satisfactory and evidenced the importance of sucrose moiety on the polymeric system, which was responsible for the obtained negative surface charge, providing colloidal stability. The results of this study show that sucrose and cholic acid based polymeric conjugates can be successfully used to prepare PNPs with tunable physicochemical characteristics. In addition, it provides novel information about the materials used and the methods applied. It is hoped that this work will be useful for the development of novel carbohydrate based nanoparticles for biomedical applications, specifically for targeted drug delivery.