Waste recovery into activated carbon for water purification from heavy metals

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Química Pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa,Faculdade de Ciências e Tecn

Metals in proteins from sulphate-reducing bacteria: adenylate kinase and ATP sulfurylase. Proteins containing cobalt, zinc, iron (II) ions

A Thesis submitted at the Faculty Science and Technology of the New University of Lisbon for a degree in Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry with specialization in Physical Biochemistry

Heavy metals removal in dual media filters

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente – Perfil de Engenharia Sanitária

Precious transition metals: the importance of Zn2+, Mn2+ and Cu2+ in the human pathogen Enterococcus faecalis

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology

ArcelorMittal: Metals & Mining: Equity Investment Report

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

ArcelorMittal: Metals & Mining – Europe: Equity Investment Report

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

The early metallurgy in Southwestern Iberia: metals from the Chalcolithic Settlement of São Pedro (Redondo)

Archaeological excavations carried out in the archaeological site of São Pedro (Southern Portugal) revealed a Chalcolithic settlement occupied in different moments of the 3rd millennium BC. The material culture recovered includes different types of materials, such as ceramics, lithics and metals. The later comprises about 30 artefacts with different typologies such as tools (e.g. awls, chisels and a saw) and weapons (e.g. daggers and arrowheads) mostly belonging to the 2nd and 3rd quarter of the 3rd millennium BC. In the present work the collection of chalcolithic metallic artefacts recovered in São Pedro was characterized. Analytical studies involved micro energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (micro-EDXRF) to determine elemental composition, together with optical microscopy and Vickers microhardness testing for microstructural characterisation and hardness determination. Main results show copper with variable amounts of arsenic and very low content of other impurities, such as iron. Moreover, nearly half of the collection is composed by arsenical copper alloys (As > 2 wt.%) and an association was found between arsenic content and typology since the weapons group (mostly daggers) present higher values than tools (mostly awls). These results suggest some criteria in the selection of arsenic-rich copper ores or smelting products. Furthermore, after casting an artefact would have been hammered, annealed and sometimes, finished with a hammering operation. Additionally, microstructural variations in this collection reveal somewhat different operational conditions during casting, annealing and forging, as expected in such a primitive metallurgy. Moreover the operational sequence seems to be used to achieve the required shape to the object, rather than to intentionally make the alloy harder. Overall, this study suggests that Chalcolithic metallurgists might have a poor control of the addition of arsenic and/or were unable to use this element to increase the hardness of tools and weapons. Finally, the compositions, manufacturing processes and hardness were compared to those from neighbouring regions and different chronological periods.

Caracterização química e ecotoxicológica de escórias e cinzas resultantes da co-combustão de lamas e carvão

Em 1999 a Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia aprovou o financiamento do projecto “Behaviour of Heavy Metals on the Thermal Treatment of Residues” cujo acrónimo era Bimetal. Este projecto, cujos parceiros eram o Departamento de Engenharia Energética e Controlo Ambiental do Instituto Nacional de Engenharia e Tecnologia Industrial (INETI) e o Grupo de Disciplinas de Ecologia da Hidrosfera (GDEH) da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, tinha como objectivo a avaliação do comportamento de metais pesados durante a combustão de resíduos. Neste sentido, a equipa do INETI efectuou quatro ensaios de incineração: dois de mono-combustão de uma lama residual urbana, um de co-combustão de lama residual urbana e carvão e, finalmente, um de mono-combustão de carvão. Cada ensaio de incineração produziu uma cinza de fundo e duas cinzas volantes, provenientes de dois ciclones. A equipa do GDEH foi responsável pela caracterização físico-química e ecotoxicológica das cinzas provenientes dos ensaios realizados pela equipa do INETI. A avaliação incidiu em dois aspectos: 1) a determinação da composição das cinzas, relativamente a um dado conjunto de parâmetros físico-químicos considerados; e 2) produção de lixiviados a partir do contacto das cinzas com um agente lixiviante. Estes lixiviados foram submetidos à caracterização físico-química, relativamente a um dado conjunto de parâmetros físico-químicos e, ainda, à caracterização ecotoxicológica, recorrendo a dois indicadores biológicos. A determinação da composição das cinzas permitiu efectuar um balanço de massas dos ensaios de incineração realizados e, com isto, determinar as taxas de emissão, dos parâmetros analisados, para a atmosfera. Os ensaios de lixiviação permitiram classificar, de acordo com a metodologia de classificação de resíduos a que se recorreu, as doze cinzas produzidas pela equipa do INETI e os materiais que lhes deram origem, a areia do leito, o carvão e a lama residual urbana. De um modo geral, as duas cinzas volantes apresentaram uma concentração superior, dos parâmetros considerados, relativamente à cinza de fundo. Entre as duas cinzas volantes, a cinza do 2º ciclone apresentou um maior teor, relativamente aos parâmetros analisados, do que as cinzas do 1º ciclone.

Environmental data management in the Sado Estuary

Estuaries are perhaps the most threatened environments in the coastal fringe; the coincidence of high natural value and attractiveness for human use has led to conflicts between conservation and development. These conflicts occur in the Sado Estuary since its location is near the industrialised zone of Peninsula of Setúbal and at the same time, a great part of the Estuary is classified as a Natural Reserve due to its high biodiversity. These facts led us to the need of implementing a model of environmental management and quality assessment, based on methodologies that enable the assessment of the Sado Estuary quality and evaluation of the human pressures in the estuary. These methodologies are based on indicators that can better depict the state of the environment and not necessarily all that could be measured or analysed. Sediments have always been considered as an important temporary source of some compounds or a sink for other type of materials or an interface where a great diversity of biogeochemical transformations occur. For all this they are of great importance in the formulation of coastal management system. Many authors have been using sediments to monitor aquatic contamination, showing great advantages when compared to the sampling of the traditional water column. The main objective of this thesis was to develop an estuary environmental management framework applied to Sado Estuary using the DPSIR Model (EMMSado), including data collection, data processing and data analysis. The support infrastructure of EMMSado were a set of spatially contiguous and homogeneous regions of sediment structure (management units). The environmental quality of the estuary was assessed through the sediment quality assessment and integrated in a preliminary stage with the human pressure for development. Besides the earlier explained advantages, studying the quality of the estuary mainly based on the indicators and indexes of the sediment compartment also turns this methodology easier, faster and human and financial resource saving. These are essential factors to an efficient environmental management of coastal areas. Data management, visualization, processing and analysis was obtained through the combined use of indicators and indices, sampling optimization techniques, Geographical Information Systems, remote sensing, statistics for spatial data, Global Positioning Systems and best expert judgments. As a global conclusion, from the nineteen management units delineated and analyzed three showed no ecological risk (18.5 % of the study area). The areas of more concern (5.6 % of the study area) are located in the North Channel and are under strong human pressure mainly due to industrial activities. These areas have also low hydrodynamics and are, thus associated with high levels of deposition. In particular the areas near Lisnave and Eurominas industries can also accumulate the contamination coming from Águas de Moura Channel, since particles coming from that channel can settle down in that area due to residual flow. In these areas the contaminants of concern, from those analyzed, are the heavy metals and metalloids (Cd, Cu, Zn and As exceeded the PEL guidelines) and the pesticides BHC isomers, heptachlor, isodrin, DDT and metabolits, endosulfan and endrin. In the remain management units (76 % of the study area) there is a moderate impact potential of occurrence of adverse ecological effects and in some of these areas no stress agents could be identified. This emphasizes the need for further research, since unmeasured chemicals may be causing or contributing to these adverse effects. Special attention must be taken to the units with moderate impact potential of occurrence of adverse ecological effects, located inside the natural reserve. Non-point source pollution coming from agriculture and aquaculture activities also seem to contribute with important pollution load into the estuary entering from Águas de Moura Channel. This pressure is expressed in a moderate impact potential for ecological risk existent in the areas near the entrance of this Channel. Pressures may also came from Alcácer Channel although they were not quantified in this study. The management framework presented here, including all the methodological tools may be applied and tested in other estuarine ecosystems, which will also allow a comparison between estuarine ecosystems in other parts of the globe.

Structural stability of adenylate kinase from the sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio gigas

Biophysical Chemistry 110 (2004) 83–92

Evaluation of the potential of translocated common cockle for ecological risk assessment studies: bioaccumulation and biomarkers test

Thesis submitted to the Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia to obtain the Master’s degree in Environmental Engineering, profile in Ecological Engineering

Microeukaryoticdiversity in the extreme environments of the Iberian PyriteBelt: a comparison between universal and fungi-specific primer sets, temperature gradient gel electrophoresis and cloning

FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Vol. 57, nº 1

Protein folding, metal ions and conformational states: the case of a di-cluster ferredoxin

Dissertation presented to obtain the PhD degree in Biochemistry at the Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Noble metal nanoparticles - Au and Ag - for biodetection

Dissertation submitted for obtainment of the Master’s Degree in Biotechnology, by the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Anaerobic bacteria: an investigation of metabolic important enzymes: a novel type of oxygen reductase and enzymes of the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis

Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was the first species of a sulphatereducing bacterium to be isolated, in 1895. Since that time, many questions were raised in the scientific community regarding the metabolic and ecological aspects of these bacteria. At present, there is still a myriad of open questions remaining to be answered to enlarge our knowledge of the metabolic pathways operative in these bacteria that have implications in the sulfur cycle, in biocorrosion, namely in sewers and in oil and gas systems, and in bioremediation of several toxic metals. The work presented in this dissertation aimed at contributing with new insights of enzymes involved in two different metabolic systems on Desulfovibrio species, namely enzymes that play a role in the response to oxidative stress and that are involved in the haem biosynthetic pathway.(...)