Folk culture and political power: practices and representations of moliceiro culture in Portugal, cultural sociology

This article analyses the painted panels of the moliceiro boat, a traditional working boat of the Ria de Aveiro region of Portugal. The article examines how the painted panels have been invented and reinvented over time. The boat and its panels are contextualized both within the changing socio-economic conditions of the Ria de Aveiro region, and the changing socio-political conditions of Portugal throughout the 20th century and until the present day. The article historically analyses the social significance of ‘moliceiro culture’, examining in particular the power relations it expresses and its ambiguous past and present relationships with the political and the economic powers of the Portuguese state. The article unpacks some of the complexity of the relations that have pertained between public and private, local and national, folk culture and ‘art’, and popular and institutional in the Ria de Aveiro region in particular, and Portugal more generally.

Competência cultural: análise do conceito segundo a metodologia tradicional de Walker e Avant

Este estudo teve como objetivo: explorar o significado do conceito de competência cultural, a fim de clarificá-lo na prática de enfermagem. Foi utilizada a metodologia tradicional de análise de conceito proposto por Walker e Avant, nos 15 textos selecionados da EBSCOhost e da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde. Concluiu-se que a associação entre as características ético-humanitárias pessoais e profissionais, a habilidade cultural com foco na comunicação e o conhecimento cultural são identificadas como as principais características para a existência do conceito.

Market impact of international sporting and cultural events

We study market reaction to the announcements of the selected country hosting the Summer and Winter Olympic Games, the World Football Cup, the European Football Cup and World and Specialized Exhibitions. We generalize previous results analyzing a large number and different types of mega-events, evaluate the effects for winning and losing countries, investigate the determinants of the observed market reaction and control for the ex ante probability of a country being a successful bidder. Average abnormal returns measured at the announcement date and around the event are not significantly different from zero. Further, we find no evidence supporting that industries, that a priori were more likely to extract direct benefits from the event, observe positive significant effects. Yet, when we control for anticipation, the stock price reactions around the announcements are significant.

A New Approach to Monitoring Touristic and Cultural Routes: The Challenge of Development and Use of Indicators-Based Systems

The present paper results of an ongoing research project were it is expected to develop an information system to monitoring a cultural-touristic route. The route to monitor is the Romanesque Route of Tâmega. This Route is composed of 58 monuments located in the region of Tâmega in the North of Portugal. Due to the particular location of this region, that is between coastal zone, but not yet in the inland, it has a weak political influence, and it is reflected in the low levels of development at several levels, observed. The Romanesque Route was implemented in a part of this region in 1998, and enlarged to the all-region in 2010. In order to evaluate the socio-ecomonic impact of this route in the region a research project is being developed. The main goal of this paper is to open a discussion on the elements that must be taken into consideration to evaluate the economic and social impact of a touristic cultural route within a region and this one in particular.

Arte Pública: divulgação do património cultural da cidade do Porto

Mestrado em Engenharia Informática. Sistemas Gráficos e Multimédia

Constructing Cultural Policies in Romania. A possible model for communicating the national value system

The premise of this paper is that a model for communicating the national value system must start from a strategy aimed at the identification, the cultivation and communication of values that give consistency to the value system. The analysis concentrates on the elements of such strategies and on the implications of applying a value communication program on the identity architecture of the community. The paper will also discuss the role of the national value system in the context of the emerging global culture, where the individual has the power to create his/her own hybrid cultural model.

Desenvolvimento musical e educação no mundo social

Na aproximação do milénio, as funções da música e o acesso à música estão a transformar-se rapidamente. O antropólogo Merriam sugeriu que "provavelmente não há nenhuma outra actividade humana cultural que seja tão inHuente e que alcance, modele e frequentemente controle tanto o comportamento humano" (1964: 218) como a música, e a investigação psicológica está a começar a revelar o enorme poder que a música pode exercer sobre as pessoas, de várias maneiras. O meu próprio interesse reside nas funções psicológicas da música, que poderão genericamente ser resumidas em três domínios principais, nomeadamente as funções cognitivas, emocionais e sociais. Nesta apresentação argumenta-se que as funções sociais da música têm sido seriamente neglicenciadas e que, na verdade, estas funções complementam as cognitivas e as emocionais em aspectos importantes. Estas considerações devem estar no centro da educação musical. Considerando que as utilizações da música aumentam e se diversificam é importante que os jovens estejam na linha da frente das mudanças que estão a ocorrer e que assim possam tirar o máximo partido de eventuais benefícios. Isto é importantíssimo sobretudo numa época em que, pelo menos no Reino Unido, a música está a lutar pela sua sobrevivência como uma disciplina do currículo nacional, em resultado do pensamento recente do governo acerca da importância das competências básicas, ou seja, os três "R" (Ler, escrever, contar). Precisamos de ser capazes de mostrar que o quarto "R", "ritmo", pode promover benefícios na vida cognitiva, emocional e social das crianças, o que o torna tão indispensável como o número e a literacia. Esta apresentação engloba quatro áreas principais. Em primeiro lugar, abordam-se as transformações sociais e tecnológicas que têm ocorrido na própria música, aproximadamente durante a última década: o aumento das redes de computadores e o uso da Internet, a miniaturização e os custos decrescentes do equipamento pessoal de audição, o impacto do sistema MIDI, estão a exercer uma inHuência profunda na indústria da música e na educação musical. Em segundo lugar, referem-se algumas áreas específicas de investigação em educação musical para ilustrar a importância do contexto social, nomeadamente as preferências musicais dos adolescentes, os trabalhos de composição de crianças realizados em grupo e o conceito de auto-identidade na formação de professores de música. Esta breve abordagem leva a um resumo das funções sociais da música para o indivíduo, que parecem centrar-se na auto-identidade, nas relações interpessoais e no humor. Finalmente, propõe-se uma nova agenda para a investigação, centrada no contexto social.

Medo de Palco: contributo para uma análise e aplicação de estratégias visando o seu controle

“Nós reverenciamos Cláudio Arrau, cuja arte tinha a profundidade e o fôlego de um velho sábio e o virtuosismo estonteante de um jovem vencedor de um concurso”1. Este comentário de Pedro de Alcântara, graduado em música pela Yale School of Music e professor de Técnica Alexander, será seguramente secundado por qualquer melómano. Arrau confessa numa entrevista a Elyse Mach:”… quando tinha dezoito ou dezanove anos, entreguei-me aos cuidados de um psiquiatra2 porque havia em mim uma espécie de bloqueio que me impedia de expressar o meu eu musical […] muitas vezes voltei a visitar este homem maravilhoso […]. Eu aconselharia qualquer intérprete a falar com um psiquiatra e, se necessário fazer análise. A paz de espírito que daí resulta vale a pena.”3 Qualquer intérprete, cantor, instrumentista ou maestro, tem consciência da existência do tipo de bloqueios de que fala Arrau. Conforme se pode constatar pelo comentário extraído do célebre tratado de flauta de Quantz em 1752, nem sequer é um problema recente: “Se o flautista que quer ser ouvido publicamente é timorato e não está ainda acostumado a tocar na presença de muitas pessoas, deve tentar, enquanto está a tocar, dirigir a sua atenção apenas para as notas à sua frente, nunca encarando os presentes, uma vez que isso distrai os pensamentos, e destrói a sua tranquilidade. […] O medo causa uma ebulição do sangue que disturba o regular funcionamento dos pulmões, assim como dos braços, da língua e dos dedos. Daí surge uma tremura dos membros muito obstrutiva ao tocar e, como resultado, o flautista será incapaz de produzir uma passagem mais longa num fôlego, ou quaisquer outros actos especialmente difíceis, tal como faria num estado de espírito tranquilo.”4 Ao longo dos séculos, todos os grandes intérpretes tiveram que lidar com os problemas associados à performance musical pública, e, mais ou menos inconscientemente desenvolveram rotinas, atitudes ou superstições que, com maior ou menor sucesso os ajudam a ultrapassá-los. É obviamente um assunto que muitos intérpretes preferem evitar. A sua racionalização implica enfrentar os próprios fantasmas, e sobretudo, traz implícita a constatação de que esses receios existem, algo que nunca é fácil de admitir por parte de alguém que durante muitos anos poderá ter sobrevivido à custa de um exercício de negação. Existem estratégias muito eficazes para ajudar a superar o stress relacionado com a performance musical. Urge analisá-las, compreendê-las, sistematizá-las e passá-las às gerações vindouras. Só assim se perpetuará o alto nível de execução que o acumular de experiências ao longo dos últimos séculos proporcionou, numa sociedade que cada vez mais pressiona os seus elementos para o êxito profissional como factor indissociável da felicidade e do sentimento de realização enquanto seres humanos.

The role of cultural mega events in the enhancement of city’s image attributes: differences between engaged and attendee participants

In a time of fierce competition between regions, an image serve as a basis to develop a strong sense of community, which fosters trust and cooperation that can be mobilized for regional growth. A positive image and reputation could be used in the promotional activities of the region benefiting all the stakeholders as a whole. Mega cultural events are frequently used to attract tourists and investments to a region, but also to enhance the city’s image. This study adopts a marketing/communication perspective of city’s image, and intends to explain how the image of the city is perceived by their residents. Specifically, we intend to compare the perceptions of residents that effectively participated in the Guimarães European Capital of Culture (ECOC) 2012 (engaged residents), and the residents that only assisted to the event (attendees). Several significant findings are reported and their implications for event managers and public policy administrators presented, along with the limitations of the study

Transient Spaces: unsettling boundaries and norms at the cultural event Noc Noc, Guimarães, Portugal

Cities are increasingly expected to be creative, inventive and to exhibit intense expressivity. In the past decades many cities have experienced growing pressure to produce and stage cultural events of different sorts and to develop new strategies that optimize competitive advantages, in order to promote themselves and to boost and sell their image. Often these actions have relied on heavy public investment and major private corporation sponsoring, but it is not always clear or measured how successful and reproductive these investments have been. In the context of strained public finances and profound economic crisis of European peripheral countries, events that emerge from local communities and have low budgets, which manage to create significant fluxes of visitors and visibility, assume an increased interest. In order to reflect and sketch possible answers, we look to an emerging body of literature concerning creative cities, and we focus on the organisation of a particular cultural event and its impact and assimilation into a medium size Portuguese city. This paper looks at the two editions (2011 and 2012) of one of such events – Noc Noc – organized by a local association in the city of Guimarães, Portugal. Inspired by similar events, Noc Noc is based on creating transient spaces of culture which are explored by artists and audiences, by transforming numerous homes into ephemeral convivial and playful social ‘public’ environments. The event is based on a number of cultural venues/homes scattered around the old and newer city, which allows for an informal urban exploration and an autonomous rambling and getting lost along streets. This strategy not only disrupts the cleavages between public and private space permitting for various transgressions, but it also disorders normative urban experiences and unsettles the dominant role of the city council as the culture patron of the large majority of events. Guimarães, an UNESCO World Heritage City was the European Capital of Culture in 2012, with a public investment of roughly 73 million euro. By interviewing a sample of people who have hosted these transitory art performances and exhibitions, sometimes doubling as artists, the events’ organizers and by experience both editions of the event, this paper illustrates how urban citizens’ engagement and motivations in a low budget cultural event can strengthen community ties. Furthermore, it also questions the advantages of large scale high budget events, and how this event may be seen as unconscious counter movement against a commodification of cultural events and everyday urban experience at large, engaging with the concepts of staging and authenticity.

Perspectives of the Internal Public in a Cultural Event: the Case of Noc Noc, Guimarães - Portugal

Given the significant impact that cultural events may have in local communities and the inherent organization complexity, it is important to understand their specificities. Most of the times cultural events disregard marketing and often marketing is distant from art. Thus an analysis of an inside perspective might bring significant returns to the organization of such an event. This paper considers the three editions (2011, 2012 and 2013) of a cultural event – Noc Noc – organized by a local association in the city of Guimarães, Portugal. Its format is based in analogous events, as Noc Noc intends to convert everyday spaces (homes, commercial outlets and a number of other buildings) into cultural spaces, processed and transformed by artists, hosts and audiences. By interviewing a sample of people (20) who have hosted this cultural event, sometimes doubling as artists, and by experiencing the three editions of the event, this paper illustrates how the internal public understands this particular cultural event, analyzing specifically their motivations, ways of acting and participating, as well as their relationship with the public, with the organization of the event and with art in general. Results support that artists and hosts motivations must be identified in a timely and appropriate moment, as well as their views of this particular cultural event, in order to keep them participating, since low budget cultural events such as this one may have a key role in small scale cities.

Siderophore Production by Bacillus megaterium: Effect of Growth Phase and Cultural Conditions

Siderophore production by Bacillus megaterium was detected, in an iron-deficient culture medium, during the exponential growth phase, prior to the sporulation, in the presence of glucose; these results suggested that the onset of siderophore production did not require glucose depletion and was not related with the sporulation. The siderophore production by B. megaterium was affected by the carbon source used. The growth on glycerol promoted the very high siderophore production (1,182 μmol g−1 dry weight biomass); the opposite effect was observed in the presence of mannose (251 μmol g−1 dry weight biomass). The growth in the presence of fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose or sucrose, originated similar concentrations of siderophore (546–842 μmol g−1 dry weight biomass). Aeration had a positive effect on the production of siderophore. Incubation of B. megaterium under static conditions delayed and reduced the growth and the production of siderophore, compared with the incubation in stirred conditions.

Audiologists’ preferences for patient-centredness: a cross-sectional questionnaire study of cross-cultural differences and similarities among professionals in Portugal, India and Iran

Objective Patient-centredness has become an important aspect of health service delivery; however, there are a limited number of studies that focus on this concept in the domain of hearing healthcare. The objective of this study was to examine and compare audiologists’ preferences for patient-centredness in Portugal, India and Iran. Design The study used a cross-sectional survey design with audiologists recruited from three different countries. Participants A total of 191 fully-completed responses were included in the analysis (55 from Portugal, 78 from India and 58 from Iran). Main outcome measure The Patient–Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS). Results PPOS mean scores suggest that audiologists have a preference for patient-centredness (ie, mean of 3.6 in a 5-point scale). However, marked differences were observed between specific PPOS items suggesting these preferences vary across clinical situations. A significant level of difference (p<0.001) was found between audiologists’ preferences for patient-centredness in three countries. Audiologists in Portugal had a greater preference for patient-centredness when compared to audiologists in India and Iran, although no significant differences were found in terms of age and duration of experience among these sample populations. Conclusions There are differences and similarities in audiologists’ preferences for patient-centredness among countries. These findings may have implications for the training of professionals and also for clinical practice in terms of optimising hearing healthcare across countries.