Lipid content and fatty acid profile of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858) juveniles as affected by feed containing different amounts of plant protein sources

A growth trial with Senegalese Sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858) juveniles fed with diets containing increasing replacement levels of fishmeal by mixtures of plant protein sources was conducted over 12 weeks. Total fat contents of muscle, liver, viscera, skin, fins and head tissues were determined, as well as fatty acid profiles of muscle and liver (GC-FID analysis). Liver was the preferential local for fat deposition (5.5–10.8% of fat) followed by fins (3.4–6.7% fat). Increasing levels of plant protein in the diets seems to be related to increased levels of total lipids in the liver. Sole muscle is lean (2.4–4.0% fat), with total lipids being similar among treatments. Liver fatty acid profile varied significantly among treatments. Plant protein diets induced increased levels of C16:1 and C18:2 n -6 and a decrease in ARA and EPA levels. Muscle fatty acid profile also evidenced increasing levels of C18:2 n 6, while ARA and DHA remained similar among treatments. Substitution of fishmeal by plant protein is hence possible without major differences on the lipid content and fatty acid profile of the main edible portion of the fish – the muscle.

PAH air pollution at a Portuguese urban area: carcinogenic risks and sources identification

This study aimed to characterize air pollution and the associated carcinogenic risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) at an urban site, to identify possible emission sources of PAHs using several statistical methodologies, and to analyze the influence of other air pollutants and meteorological variables on PAH concentrations.The air quality and meteorological data were collected in Oporto, the second largest city of Portugal. Eighteen PAHs (the 16 PAHs considered by United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) as priority pollutants, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, and benzo[j]fluoranthene) were collected daily for 24 h in air (gas phase and in particles) during 40 consecutive days in November and December 2008 by constant low-flow samplers and using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filters for particulate (PM10 and PM2.5 bound) PAHs and pre-cleaned polyurethane foam plugs for gaseous compounds. The other monitored air pollutants were SO2, PM10, NO2, CO, and O3; the meteorological variables were temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, total precipitation, and solar radiation. Benzo[a]pyrene reached a mean concentration of 2.02 ngm−3, surpassing the EU annual limit value. The target carcinogenic risks were equal than the health-based guideline level set by USEPA (10−6) at the studied site, with the cancer risks of eight PAHs reaching senior levels of 9.98×10−7 in PM10 and 1.06×10−6 in air. The applied statistical methods, correlation matrix, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis, were in agreement in the grouping of the PAHs. The groups were formed according to their chemical structure (number of rings), phase distribution, and emission sources. PAH diagnostic ratios were also calculated to evaluate the main emission sources. Diesel vehicular emissions were the major source of PAHs at the studied site. Besides that source, emissions from residential heating and oil refinery were identified to contribute to PAH levels at the respective area. Additionally, principal component regression indicated that SO2, NO2, PM10, CO, and solar radiation had positive correlation with PAHs concentrations, while O3, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were negatively correlated.

Scientific research: identify credible sources and use them correctly

Scientific research seminar within CICE mini summer school 25 june

Inventário hidrogeológico e dos potenciais focos de contaminação nas bacias hidrográficas da Asprela e Massarelos: implicações no ciclo hidrológico urbano

O desenvolvimento incessante em áreas urbanas ameaça a qualidade e quantidade das águas subterrâneas. O Porto é uma cidade densamente urbanizada, dominada por granitos, os quais constituem um meio fraturado anisotrópico e heterogéneo. O principal objetivo desta dissertação foi realçar a importância da cartografia hidrogeológica, bem como a relevância de realizar inventários hidrogeológicos e de potenciais focos de contaminação para compreender a vulnerabilidade dos sistemas aquíferos na cidade do Porto. Para tal, foram selecionadas as bacias hidrográficas da Asprela e de Massarelos. Assim, foram levados a cabo dois inventários, um hidrogeológico e outro das potenciais atividades de contaminação. O estudo foi apoiado pelos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG), os quais foram fundamentais para um melhor conhecimento e integração nas áreas de estudo. Previamente à implementação dos inventários foi feita uma caracterização das duas bacias, em termos geográficos, hidroclimatológicos, de ocupação do solo, geomorfológicos e hidrogeológicos. As duas bacias desenvolvem‐se, principalmente, na unidade hidrogeológica do granito de grão médio a fino, por vezes com saprólito. O inventário hidrogeológico contemplou principalmente fontanários e nascentes, tendo incluído, respetivamente, 8 e 21 pontos de água nas bacias da Asprela e de Massarelos. As águas subterrâneas são límpidas, sem turvação ou cheiro, ácidas, com mineralizações baixas a médias, temperaturas baixas e caudais muito pequenos. Quanto aos potenciais focos de contaminação, na bacia da Asprela foram reconhecidos 61, enquanto que na bacia de Massarelos foram identificados 78. A maioria destas atividades é pontual correspondendo, nomeadamente, a estabelecimentos de ensino e estações de serviço/oficinas de automóveis. Contudo, os focos lineares apresentam uma difusão significativa nas duas bacias hidrográficas. Apesar de a vulnerabilidade intrínseca à contaminação das águas subterrâneas nestas áreas ser baixa a moderada, a localização dos potenciais focos de contaminação poderá ser responsável pelo aumento da vulnerabilidade nas duas bacias estudadas. Esta metodologia demonstrou ser extremamente importante para um melhor conhecimento dos sistemas de água subterrânea do Porto e, ainda, da hidrogeologia de áreas urbanas.

Delineating environmental groundwater vulnerability and protection zones mapping in fractured rock masses

Hard‐rock watersheds commonly exhibit complex geological bedrock and morphological features. Hydromineral resources have relevant economic value for the thermal spas industry. The present study aims to develop a groundwater vulnerability approach in Caldas da Cavaca hydromineral system (Aguiar da Beira, Central Portugal) which has a thermal tradition that dates back to the late 19th century, and contribute to a better understanding of the hydrogeological conceptual site model. In this work different layers were overlaid, generating several thematic maps to arrive at an integrated framework of several key‐sectors in Caldas da Cavaca site. Thus, to accomplish a comprehensive analysis and conceptualization of the site, a multi‐technical approach was used, such as, field and laboratory techniques, where several data was collected, like geotectonics, hydrology and hydrogeology, hydrogeomorphology, hydrogeophysical and hydrogeomechanical zoning aiming the application of the so‐called DISCO method. All these techniques were successfully performed and a groundwater vulnerability to contamination assessment, based on GOD‐S, DRASTIC‐Fm, SINTACS, SI and DISCO indexes methodology, was delineated. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technology was on the basis to organise and integrate the geodatabases and to produce all the thematic maps. This multi‐technical approach highlights the importance of groundwater vulnerability to contamination mapping as a tool to support hydrogeological conceptualisation, contributing to better decision‐making of water resources management and sustainability.