Welcome to the new world disorder: conflict and transformation in Ian McEwan’s saturday

Ian McEwan‘s novel Saturday deals with the complex issues of conflict and transformation in the age of terrorism. The plot presents one internal dilemma and several interpersonal altercations that occur within a mere twenty-four hours: a) Perowne (the protagonist) vs. himself, in face of his ambivalent thoughts regarding British military participation in the war in the Middle East; b) The protagonist vs. Baxter, a ruffian from East End, in the context of a car accident; c) Perowne vs. a fellow anaesthetist, Jay Strauss, during a squash game; d) Perowne‘s daughter, Daisy vs. her grandfather, John Grammaticus, both poets and rivals; e) Perowne‘s family vs. Baxter, who intrudes the protagonist‘s house. In this paper, I exemplify, analyse and discuss how: a) Understanding the causes of what we call evil constitutes an important step towards mutual understanding; b) Both science and arts (which Perowne considers, at first, irrelevant) are important elements in the process of transformation; c) Both personal and interpersonal conflicts are intrinsic to human nature — but they also propitiate healthy changes in behaviour and opinion, through reflection. In order to do so, I resort to Saturday, and to the work of several specialists in the field of conflict management.

Effects of Chlorophenoxy Herbicides and Their Main Transformation Products on DNA Damage and Acetylcholinesterase Activity

Persistent pesticide transformation products (TPs) are increasingly being detected among different environmental compartments, including groundwater and surface water. However, there is no sufficient experimental data on their toxicological potential to assess the risk associated with TPs, even if their occurrence is known. In this study, the interaction of chlorophenoxy herbicides (MCPA, mecoprop, 2,4-D and dichlorprop) and their main transformation products with calf thymus DNA by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy has been assessed. Additionally, the toxicity of the chlorophenoxy herbicides and TPs was also assessed evaluating the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. On the basis of the results found, it seems that AChE is not the main target of chlorophenoxy herbicides and their TPs. However, the results found showed that the transformation products displayed a higher inhibitory activity when compared with the parent herbicides. The results obtained in the DNA interaction studies showed, in general, a slight effect on the stability of the double helix. However, the data found for 4-chloro-2-methyl-6-nitrophenol suggest that this transformation product can interact with DNA through a noncovalent mode.

Patologias na Superestrutura da Ferrovia Balastrada

Nesta dissertação de Mestrado, pretende-se contribuir para o conhecimento no âmbito das patologias da ferrovia, nomeadamente no que se refere a patologias em carril, balastro, travessas e elementos de fixação, tendo sido coletado neste trabalho as mais variadas patologias da ferrovia balastrada bem como a sua catalogação socioeconómica, permitindo com essa enumeração tomadas de decisão coerentes e assertivas no que respeita a recomendações a efetuar tanto como diagnostico como para manutenção. O trabalho inicia-se por uma introdução relativa ao aparecimento da ferrovia num contexto internacional, particularizando posteriormente o caso de Portugal até ao estado da arte atual, com um pequeno desenvolvimento a nível socie-económico com as grandes obras e projetos para os próximos anos. Para além da síntese de conhecimentos referida, apresentou-se um pouco da atualidade ferroviária de alguns países com relevância, quer por associação fronteiriça quer por desenvolvimento tecnológico. Apresenta-se brevemente os componentes mais importantes da ferrovia balastrada com especial destaque para os elementos da superestrutura de via, nos quais se engloba o carril, as travessas, os elementos de fixação e o balastro. Por fim esta dissertação apresenta um trabalho exaustivo na recolha e investigação das várias patologias associadas ao carril, as travessas, aos elementos de fixação e ao balastro, bem como o sistema de código, recomendações e correções associadas, fornecendo assim uma fácil interpretação do tipo de patologia e defeitos associados ao desenvolvimento desses fenómenos.