Sound levels and risk perceptions of music students during classes

It is well recognized that professional musicians are at risk of hearing damage due to the exposure to high sound pressure levels during music playing. However, it is important to recognize that the musicians’ exposure may start early in the course of their training as students in the classroom and at home. Studies regarding sound exposure of music students and their hearing disorders are scarce and do not take into account important influencing variables. Therefore, this study aimed to describe sound level exposures of music students at different music styles, classes, and according to the instrument played. Further, this investigation attempted to analyze the perceptions of students in relation to exposure to loud music and consequent health risks, as well as to characterize preventive behaviors. The results showed that music students are exposed to high sound levels in the course of their academic activity. This exposure is potentiated by practice outside the school and other external activities. Differences were found between music style, instruments, and classes. Tinnitus, hyperacusis, diplacusis, and sound distortion were reported by the students. However, students were not entirely aware of the health risks related to exposure to high sound pressure levels. These findings reflect the importance of starting intervention in relation to noise risk reduction at an early stage, when musicians are commencing their activity as students.

Insignificant impact of prescribed fire on surface soil in a Pinus pinaster plantation, northern Portugal

Following a prescribed fire in a Pinus pinaster forest site located in the north-west Portugal, monitoring of any changes in selected soil characteristics and soil hydrology was undertaken to assess the effects of burning on the following: pH, electrical conductivity, water content, organic carbon and porosity. Thirty plots were established on a regular grid. At each sample plot before and after the fire, samples were collected (disturbed samples from depths of 0-1cm and 1-5cm; undisturbed core samples from 0-5cm). The results indicate that there was no measurable impact on the properties of the soil following this carefully conducted prescribed fire. The fire only affected the litter layer, as intended. Confirmation of this minimal impact on the soil was provided by regrowth of grasses and herbs already occurring two months after the fire. The implication is, therefore, that provided this wildfire-risk reduction strategy is carried out under existing strict guidelines, any impact on soil quality will be minimal.

O sistema de controlo interno nas autarquias locais: o caso do Município de Espinho

Dissertação de Mestrado Apresentada ao Instituto de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Auditoria Orientador: Doutor Carlos Mota Coorientadora: Doutora Ana Paula Lopes

Condicionamento acústico e certificação energética de edifícios

O presente relatório desenvolvido no âmbito do estágio curricular realizado na empresa – ASL & Associados, com duração de seis meses, tem como objetivo a elaboração e desenvolvimento de estudos acústicos de edifícios e elaboração de certificados energéticos de edifícios existentes. Inicialmente, será feita uma descrição da empresa acolhedora expondo a sua missão, valores e o portfólio abarcando projetos e revisão de projetos, certificação energética, ensaios acústicos, gestão e fiscalização de empreendimentos. As atividades desenvolvidas no estágio englobam a certificação energética de edifícios existentes aplicando a nova regulamentação térmica (REH), apresentando as simplificações de cálculo aplicadas a edifícios existentes e dois exemplos específicos de uma fração autónoma e um edifício unifamiliar. No campo da acústica foram estudados três edifícios, um habitacional, um misto e um de serviços. Para o condicionamento acústico dos casos de estudo serão aplicados métodos de cálculo utilizados na empresa e um método de cálculo para avaliação e classificação da qualidade acústica, o qual foi desenvolvido pelo Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil – LNEC. Por fim, foram elaborados as ponderações sobre a experiência vivida, como considerações sobre os resultados obtidos tendo em conta os objetivos propostos para o desenvolvimento do estágio.

Análise do desempenho acústico de elementos construtivos na reabilitação de edifícios

Ao longo desta dissertação é apresentada a legislação em vigor em Portugal relacionada com a acústica de edifícios, bem como as normas europeias existentes. Como caso de estudo optou-se por analisar um edifício recuperado no âmbito do programa de reabilitação urbana do Porto, incidindo o estudo experimental na realização de ensaios acústicos, avaliando e validando através dos mesmos as soluções construtivas preconizadas no projeto de execução do edifício. Assim, para cada uma das soluções construtivas, realizaram-se estimativas de acordo com diferentes métodos preconizados nas normas e na bibliografia da especialidade. Efetuou-se também a avaliação acústica do edifício através do método prescrito pelo Laboratório de Engenharia Civil (LNEC), a qual reverteu numa classificação de acordo com os parâmetros considerados, a qual é apresentada no presente trabalho.

VISIR deployment in undergraduate engineering practices

Practical sessions are the backbone of qualification in engineering education. It leads to a better understanding and allows mastering scientific concepts and theories. The lack of the availability of practical sessions at many universities and institutions owing to the cost and the unavailability of instructors the most of the time caused a significant decline in experimentation in engineering education over the last decades. Recently, with the progress of computer-based learning, remote laboratories have been proven to be the best alternative to the traditional ones, regarding to its low cost and ubiquity. Some universities have already started to deploy remote labs in their practical sessions. This contribution compiles diverse experiences based on the deployment of the remote laboratory, Virtual Instrument Systems in Reality (VISIR), on the practices of undergraduate engineering grades at various universities within the VISIR community. It aims to show the impact of its usage on engineering education concerning the assessments of students and teachers as well.

Hydrogeomechanics for rock engineering: coupling subsurface hydrogeomechanical assessement and hydrogeotechnical mapping on fracturated rock masses

The present work aims to achieve and further develop a hydrogeomechanical approach in Caldas da Cavaca hydromineral system rock mass (Aguiar da Beira, NW Portugal), and contribute to a better understanding of the hydrogeological conceptual site model. A collection of several data, namely geology, hydrogeology, rock and soil geotechnics, borehole hydraulics and hydrogeomechanics, was retrieved from three rock slopes (Lagoa, Amores and Cancela). To accomplish a comprehensive analysis and rock engineering conceptualisation of the site, a multi‐technical approach were used, such as, field and laboratory techniques, hydrogeotechnical mapping, hydrogeomechanical zoning and hydrogeomechanical scheme classifications and indexes. In addition, a hydrogeomechanical data analysis and assessment, such as Hydro‐Potential (HP)‐Value technique, JW Joint Water Reduction index, Hydraulic Classification (HC) System were applied on rock slopes. The hydrogeomechanical zone HGMZ 1 of Lagoa slope achieved higher hydraulic conductivities with poorer rock mass quality results, followed by the hydrogeomechanical zone HGMZ 2 of Lagoa slope, with poor to fair rock mass quality and lower hydraulic parameters. In addition, Amores slope had a fair to good rock mass quality and the lowest hydraulic conductivity. The hydrogeomechanical zone HGMZ 3 of Lagoa slope, and the hydrogeomechanical zones HGMZ 1 and HGMZ 2 of Cancela slope had a fair to poor rock mass quality but were completely dry. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) mapping technologies was used in overall hydrogeological and hydrogeomechanical data integration in order to improve the hydrogeological conceptual site model.