Coordination between mid-term maintenance outage decisions and short-term security-constrained scheduling in smart distribution systems

Distribution systems are the first volunteers experiencing the benefits of smart grids. The smart grid concept impacts the internal legislation and standards in grid-connected and isolated distribution systems. Demand side management, the main feature of smart grids, acquires clear meaning in low voltage distribution systems. In these networks, various coordination procedures are required between domestic, commercial and industrial consumers, producers and the system operator. Obviously, the technical basis for bidirectional communication is the prerequisite of developing such a coordination procedure. The main coordination is required when the operator tries to dispatch the producers according to their own preferences without neglecting its inherent responsibility. Maintenance decisions are first determined by generating companies, and then the operator has to check and probably modify them for final approval. In this paper the generation scheduling from the viewpoint of a distribution system operator (DSO) is formulated. The traditional task of the DSO is securing network reliability and quality. The effectiveness of the proposed method is assessed by applying it to a 6-bus and 9-bus distribution system.

Contrastive terminology: semitic, anglo-germanic and latin concept building through complex terms. (avoiding one-way method procedures in translation

This paper aims to present a contrastive approach between three different ways of building concepts after proving the similar syntactic possibilities that coexist in terms. However, from the semantic point of view we can see that each language family has a different distribution in meaning. But the most important point we try to show is that the differences found in the psychological process when communicating concepts should guide the translator and the terminologist in the target text production and the terminology planning process. Differences between languages in the information transmission process are due to the different roles the different types of knowledge play. We distinguish here the analytic-descriptive knowledge and the analogical knowledge among others. We also state that none of them is the best when determining the correctness of a term, but there has to be adequacy criteria in the selection process. This concept building or term building success is important when looking at the linguistic map of the information society.

Nano-CF: a Coordination Framework for macro-programming in wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are being used for a number of applications involving infrastructure monitoring, building energy monitoring and industrial sensing. The difficulty of programming individual sensor nodes and the associated overhead have encouraged researchers to design macro-programming systems which can help program the network as a whole or as a combination of subnets. Most of the current macro-programming schemes do not support multiple users seamlessly deploying diverse applications on the same shared sensor network. As WSNs are becoming more common, it is important to provide such support, since it enables higher-level optimizations such as code reuse, energy savings, and traffic reduction. In this paper, we propose a macro-programming framework called Nano-CF, which, in addition to supporting in-network programming, allows multiple applications written by different programmers to be executed simultaneously on a sensor networking infrastructure. This framework enables the use of a common sensing infrastructure for a number of applications without the users having to worrying about the applications already deployed on the network. The framework also supports timing constraints and resource reservations using the Nano-RK operating system. Nano- CF is efficient at improving WSN performance by (a) combining multiple user programs, (b) aggregating packets for data delivery, and (c) satisfying timing and energy specifications using Rate- Harmonized Scheduling. Using representative applications, we demonstrate that Nano-CF achieves 90% reduction in Source Lines-of-Code (SLoC) and 50% energy savings from aggregated data delivery.

Implementação de um Laboratório de Metrologia Elétrica

O presente documento relata todas as atividades que foram desenvolvidas no estágio curricular realizado na empresa Bosch Car Multimédia em Braga, no âmbito da disciplina "Dissertação/ Projeto/Estágio Profissional"do Mestrado em Engenharia de Instrumentação e Metrologia, do Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto. Sendo a Bosch uma empresa de grandes dimensões, necessita de inúmeros equipamentos elétricos devido aos elevados padrões de qualidade exigidos, para poder estar em conformidade a nível das calibrações. A redução de custos e dos tempos de calibração foram as principais motivações para a implementação de um Laboratório de Metrologia Elétrica na empresa. Inicialmente, foi destinado um espaço para o laboratório e adquirido todo o equipamento necessário. Além disto, foi necessário treinar e formar os colaboradores destinados ao laboratório, quer na área das normas a aplicar no processo, quer em específico, com a empresa fornecedora do software de calibração. Ao longo dos doze meses, o estágio teve diversas fases, desde a aprendizagem do software utilizado, METCAL, elaboração de procedimentos de calibração para cada tipo de equipamentos na fábrica, realização de calibrações em coordenação com as diferentes áreas da empresa nos tempos e datas programados e análise dos certificados com sentido crítico, nomeadamente a nível de layout apresentado e incertezas associadas, para que o processo possa constantemente ser melhorado. Todas estas fases possibilitaram a aquisição e aplicação de vários conceitos importantes na área da Metrologia Elétrica. A implementação de um Laboratório de Metrologia é um processo bastante longo e complexo, e por estas razões, atualmente ainda se realizam procedimentos para novos tipos de equipamentos, sendo feitas melhorias e estudos para que no futuro, a sua capacidade seja cada vez maior e melhor.