Simulated annealing metaheuristic to solve the optimal power flow

The optimal power flow problem has been widely studied in order to improve power systems operation and planning. For real power systems, the problem is formulated as a non-linear and as a large combinatorial problem. The first approaches used to solve this problem were based on mathematical methods which required huge computational efforts. Lately, artificial intelligence techniques, such as metaheuristics based on biological processes, were adopted. Metaheuristics require lower computational resources, which is a clear advantage for addressing the problem in large power systems. This paper proposes a methodology to solve optimal power flow on economic dispatch context using a Simulated Annealing algorithm inspired on the cooling temperature process seen in metallurgy. The main contribution of the proposed method is the specific neighborhood generation according to the optimal power flow problem characteristics. The proposed methodology has been tested with IEEE 6 bus and 30 bus networks. The obtained results are compared with other wellknown methodologies presented in the literature, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Phonological development in relation to native language and literacy: Variations on a theme in six alphabetic orthographies

Phonological development was assessed in six alphabetic orthographies (English, French, Greek, Icelandic, Portuguese and Spanish) at the beginning and end of the first year of reading instruction. The aim was to explore contrasting theoretical views regarding: the question of the availability of phonology at the outset of learning to read (Study 1); the influence of orthographic depth on the pace of phonological development during the transition to literacy (Study 2); and the impact of literacy instruction (Study 3). Results from 242 children did not reveal a consistent sequence of development as performance varied according to task demands and language. Phonics instruction appeared more influential than orthographic depth in the emergence of an early meta-phonological capacity to manipulate phonemes, and preliminary indications were that cross-linguistic variation was associated with speech rhythm more than factors such as syllable complexity. The implications of the outcome for current models of phonological development are discussed.

Há Vida no Bairro! Um Projeto de Educação e Intervenção Social

O presente Relatório reflete um Projeto de Educação e Intervenção Social realizado no Empreendimento Social Padre Américo, intitulado de “Há Vida no Bairro!” que teve inicio em outubro de 2014 e, à data de escrita deste relatório, ainda se encontra em desenvolvimento. O Projeto seguiu a Metodologia de Investigação Ação Participativa tendo sido desenvolvido com os moradores do Empreendimento Social, com a finalidade de melhorar a qualidade de vida dos residentes. Partiu-se de uma análise do contexto, do bairro e dos seus moradores e, percebeu-se que existiam quatro grandes problemas: sentimentos de isolamento e de exclusão/discriminação; conflitos relacionais entre os moradores; monotonia no quotidiano das pessoas e baixos recursos económicos. Assim foram definidos dois objetivos gerais: combater os sentimentos de exclusão social dos sujeitos e promover dinâmicas relacionais satisfatórias, entre os moradores, de forma a desenvolver uma maior coesão e espírito de comunidade. Neste sentido foram definidas três ações: “Entre dedal e agulha: atelier de costura”; “O Bairro a mexer” e “Os jovens e o Bairro”. Verificou-se que os moradores do Empreendimento desenvolveram e ampliaram as suas redes de vizinhança; ocuparam o seu tempo de uma forma satisfatória; desenvolveram estratégias de resolução de conflitos; desenvolveram competências pessoais, sociais e profissionais e desenvolveram o sentimento de pertença ao bairro.