Produção de hidrogénio por fotoeletrólise da água – aproveitamento do subproduto oxigénio

A noção de Economia relativa ao Hidrogénio no vocabulário dos líderes políticos e empresariais tem vindo a mudar sobretudo pela preocupação da poluição global, segurança energética e mudanças climáticas, para além do crescente domínio técnico dos cientistas e engenheiros. O interesse neste composto, que é o elemento mais simples e abundante no universo, está a crescer, devido aos avanços tecnológicos das células de combustível – as potenciais sucessoras das baterias dos aparelhos portáteis eletrónicos, centrais elétricas e motores de combustão interna. Existem métodos já bem desenvolvidos para produzir o hidrogénio. Contudo, destacase a eletrólise da água, não só por ser um método simples mas porque pode utilizar recursos energéticos renováveis, tais como, o vento ou os painéis fotovoltaicos, e aumentar a sua eficiência. Os desafios para melhorar a utilização deste método consistem em reduzir o consumo, a manutenção e os custos energéticos e aumentar a confiança, a durabilidade e a segurança. Mais ainda, consistem em rentabilizar o subproduto oxigénio pois é um gás industrial e medicinal muito importante. Neste trabalho, estudou-se a viabilidade económica da instalação de uma unidade de produção de hidrogénio e oxigénio puros por eletrólise da água, utilizando como fonte energética a energia solar, na empresa Gasoxmed – Gases Medicinais S.A., pretendendo num futuro próximo, comercializar o hidrogénio como fonte de energia, e por outro lado, aproveitar o subproduto oxigénio para utilização industrial. Projetou-se assim uma unidade utilizando um eletrolisador da marca Proton, modelo C30, com capacidade de produção gasosa de 3 kg/h (30 m3/h) de hidrogénio e 20 kg/h (15 m3/h) de oxigénio. Os gases produzidos são comprimidos num compressor da marca RIX a 200 bares para posterior armazenamento em cilindros pressurizados. Dimensionou-se ainda um sistema de miniprodução fotovoltaico com potência 250 kW para alimentar eletricamente a instalação. A realização do projeto na nova área de produção necessitará de 1.713.963€, os quais serão adquiridos por empréstimo bancário. Definiram-se todos os custos fixos associados ao projeto que perfazem um total de 62.554€/mês para os primeiros 5 anos (duração do crédito bancário) findo o qual diminuirão para 21.204€/mês. Da comercialização do hidrogénio, do oxigénio industrial e da eletricidade produzida no sistema de miniprodução de 250 kW, prevê-se um lucro mensal de 117.925€, perfazendo assim um total líquido mensal positivo de 55.371€ durante os primeiros 5 anos e a partir daí de 96.721€/mês, resultando uma amortização do investimento inicial no final do 3º ano.

Cournot duopoly with competition in the R&D expenditures

We present a new R&D investment in a Cournot Duopoly model and we analyze the different possible types of Nash R&D investments. We observe that the new production costs region can be decomposed in three economical regions, depending on the Nash R&D investment, showing the relevance of the use of patents in new technologies.

Melhoria e automação de linhas de montagem

Hoje em dia, e com os avanços tecnológicos a surgirem de forma constante, existem novas áreas que têm de ser consideradas com um foco importante por parte de todas as organizações, sendo uma delas a robótica industrial. Motivada em aumentar o seu output, as condições de trabalho para os seus colaboradores, bem como todas as condições de organização da logística interna, a Grohe Portugal, mais especificamente o departamento da montagem, achou relevante fazer um estudo de métodos e tempos, calculando os ganhos potenciais de aumento de output com introdução de robótica nas linhas dos cartuchos. Os objetivos principais seriam então, fazer uma restruturação de todo o layout dessas linhas, tendo como foco automatizar alguma(s) operação(ões), conseguindo assim uma melhoria significativa do output dessas linhas com o menor payback possível. Posto isto, esta dissertação pretende apresentar o trabalho desenvolvido junto da Grohe Portugal, que teve como objetivo fazer os estudos e a automatização de linhas de montagem de cartuchos, bem como melhorar algumas linhas de montagem tendo em conta fatores ergonómicos. Relativamente à automatização da linha dos cartuchos, foi importante estudar todos os seguintes aspetos:  utilização de unidades robóticas;  ergonomia;  ganhos de produtividade;  automatizar ou semi-automatizar operações;  simplificar processos de montagem;  simplificar setups;  solicitar orçamentos;  elaborar caderno de encargos. Para a realização deste projeto, o trabalho desenvolvido foi decomposto em várias etapas, entre as quais se destacam:  análise e estudo dos métodos e sequências de montagem;  levantamento de todos os componentes e operações de montagem até à obtenção do cartucho final;  estudo de tempos de todas essas operações de montagem;  caraterização de um novo layout para as linhas com a introdução de unidades robóticas, tanto quanto possível, mais adequadas;  elaboração de caderno de encargos para ser enviado a empresas, para estas poderem apresentar uma orçamentação, bem como indicar as unidades robóticas mais adequadas para as tarefas pretendidas;  automatização da linha dos cartuchos. Relativamente ao projeto de novas linhas de montagem tendo em conta fatores ergonómicos, de forma a melhorar os sistemas de abastecimento e as condições de trabalho por parte dos operadores, foram postos em prática diferentes passos, nomeadamente:  identificação de todos os processos de montagem realizados pelos operadores na linha a melhorar;  estudo e definição da disposição dos componentes na nova linha, bem como a sua forma de abastecimento;  projeto da nova linha de montagem em 3D com recurso ao software SolidWorks;  realização prática da linha, acompanhando e ajudando a equipa da ferramentaria. O balanço final do trabalho foi bastante positivo, tanto na automatização das linhas de montagem dos cartuchos, em que todo o seu estudo foi alcançado com sucesso, como no melhoramento ergonómico das linhas de montagem, tendo-se alcançado melhorias em alguns índices de qualidade, tempos de abastecimento, organização das linhas, e nas condições de iluminação, resultando essas melhorias numa avaliação positiva por parte dos colaboradores que nelas trabalham todos os dias.

A new MILP based approach for unit commitment in power production planning

This paper presents a complete, quadratic programming formulation of the standard thermal unit commitment problem in power generation planning, together with a novel iterative optimisation algorithm for its solution. The algorithm, based on a mixed-integer formulation of the problem, considers piecewise linear approximations of the quadratic fuel cost function that are dynamically updated in an iterative way, converging to the optimum; this avoids the requirement of resorting to quadratic programming, making the solution process much quicker. From extensive computational tests on a broad set of benchmark instances of this problem, the algorithm was found to be flexible and capable of easily incorporating different problem constraints. Indeed, it is able to tackle ramp constraints, which although very important in practice were rarely considered in previous publications. Most importantly, optimal solutions were obtained for several well-known benchmark instances, including instances of practical relevance, that are not yet known to have been solved to optimality. Computational experiments and their results showed that the method proposed is both simple and extremely effective.

Terminology and knowledge engineering conference. New frontiers in the constructive symbiosis of terminology and knowledge engineering

To meet the increasing demands of the complex inter-organizational processes and the demand for continuous innovation and internationalization, it is evident that new forms of organisation are being adopted, fostering more intensive collaboration processes and sharing of resources, in what can be called collaborative networks (Camarinha-Matos, 2006:03). Information and knowledge are crucial resources in collaborative networks, being their management fundamental processes to optimize. Knowledge organisation and collaboration systems are thus important instruments for the success of collaborative networks of organisations having been researched in the last decade in the areas of computer science, information science, management sciences, terminology and linguistics. Nevertheless, research in this area didn’t give much attention to multilingual contexts of collaboration, which pose specific and challenging problems. It is then clear that access to and representation of knowledge will happen more and more on a multilingual setting which implies the overcoming of difficulties inherent to the presence of multiple languages, through the use of processes like localization of ontologies. Although localization, like other processes that involve multilingualism, is a rather well-developed practice and its methodologies and tools fruitfully employed by the language industry in the development and adaptation of multilingual content, it has not yet been sufficiently explored as an element of support to the development of knowledge representations - in particular ontologies - expressed in more than one language. Multilingual knowledge representation is then an open research area calling for cross-contributions from knowledge engineering, terminology, ontology engineering, cognitive sciences, computational linguistics, natural language processing, and management sciences. This workshop joined researchers interested in multilingual knowledge representation, in a multidisciplinary environment to debate the possibilities of cross-fertilization between knowledge engineering, terminology, ontology engineering, cognitive sciences, computational linguistics, natural language processing, and management sciences applied to contexts where multilingualism continuously creates new and demanding challenges to current knowledge representation methods and techniques. In this workshop six papers dealing with different approaches to multilingual knowledge representation are presented, most of them describing tools, approaches and results obtained in the development of ongoing projects. In the first case, Andrés Domínguez Burgos, Koen Kerremansa and Rita Temmerman present a software module that is part of a workbench for terminological and ontological mining, Termontospider, a wiki crawler that aims at optimally traverse Wikipedia in search of domainspecific texts for extracting terminological and ontological information. The crawler is part of a tool suite for automatically developing multilingual termontological databases, i.e. ontologicallyunderpinned multilingual terminological databases. In this paper the authors describe the basic principles behind the crawler and summarized the research setting in which the tool is currently tested. In the second paper, Fumiko Kano presents a work comparing four feature-based similarity measures derived from cognitive sciences. The purpose of the comparative analysis presented by the author is to verify the potentially most effective model that can be applied for mapping independent ontologies in a culturally influenced domain. For that, datasets based on standardized pre-defined feature dimensions and values, which are obtainable from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) have been used for the comparative analysis of the similarity measures. The purpose of the comparison is to verify the similarity measures based on the objectively developed datasets. According to the author the results demonstrate that the Bayesian Model of Generalization provides for the most effective cognitive model for identifying the most similar corresponding concepts existing for a targeted socio-cultural community. In another presentation, Thierry Declerck, Hans-Ulrich Krieger and Dagmar Gromann present an ongoing work and propose an approach to automatic extraction of information from multilingual financial Web resources, to provide candidate terms for building ontology elements or instances of ontology concepts. The authors present a complementary approach to the direct localization/translation of ontology labels, by acquiring terminologies through the access and harvesting of multilingual Web presences of structured information providers in the field of finance, leading to both the detection of candidate terms in various multilingual sources in the financial domain that can be used not only as labels of ontology classes and properties but also for the possible generation of (multilingual) domain ontologies themselves. In the next paper, Manuel Silva, António Lucas Soares and Rute Costa claim that despite the availability of tools, resources and techniques aimed at the construction of ontological artifacts, developing a shared conceptualization of a given reality still raises questions about the principles and methods that support the initial phases of conceptualization. These questions become, according to the authors, more complex when the conceptualization occurs in a multilingual setting. To tackle these issues the authors present a collaborative platform – conceptME - where terminological and knowledge representation processes support domain experts throughout a conceptualization framework, allowing the inclusion of multilingual data as a way to promote knowledge sharing and enhance conceptualization and support a multilingual ontology specification. In another presentation Frieda Steurs and Hendrik J. Kockaert present us TermWise, a large project dealing with legal terminology and phraseology for the Belgian public services, i.e. the translation office of the ministry of justice, a project which aims at developing an advanced tool including expert knowledge in the algorithms that extract specialized language from textual data (legal documents) and whose outcome is a knowledge database including Dutch/French equivalents for legal concepts, enriched with the phraseology related to the terms under discussion. Finally, Deborah Grbac, Luca Losito, Andrea Sada and Paolo Sirito report on the preliminary results of a pilot project currently ongoing at UCSC Central Library, where they propose to adapt to subject librarians, employed in large and multilingual Academic Institutions, the model used by translators working within European Union Institutions. The authors are using User Experience (UX) Analysis in order to provide subject librarians with a visual support, by means of “ontology tables” depicting conceptual linking and connections of words with concepts presented according to their semantic and linguistic meaning. The organizers hope that the selection of papers presented here will be of interest to a broad audience, and will be a starting point for further discussion and cooperation.

Language and trade: the (new) route of portuguese in the 21st century

Globalisation has eliminated frontiers and in the case of Europe helped the crossing of borders and changed forever the concept of social (and I would also say individual) geography: the rest of the world is out there; we can pretend not to see it, but we cannot avoid it. Moreover, Europe is undergoing a serious crisis, also economic, and new markets and business partners are welcome. In this context, cultural bonds like a common language can open new investment paths and give rise to successful stories. In this paper we intend to present an example of how low linguistic distance can lead to good business, even if a) in the internationalization process of the companies’ language is often forgotten as a management element and b) consumers of language products (like User Guides) are also not stimulating investment in language by the companies. Through the results of 2 studies carried out in 2010 and 2011 we will show how a pluricentric language like Portuguese is managed in multinational companies (MC) and Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs). The second study is based on an online survey questioning the effectiveness, efficiency and general quality of User Guides and the reaction of consumers to language. Results show that although playing a role in the internationalization process of companies in the same linguistic space, language is opportunistically used. On the other hand, Portuguese and Brazilian consumers show a very functional perception of the Portuguese language...

Detectives with pimples: how teen noir is crossing the frontiers of the traditional noir films

In the last ten years, teen noir movies and series — such as Donnie Darko (2001), Brick (2005), or Veronica Mars (2004-2007) — have become increasingly popular among audiences, both in the USA and in Europe, and aroused the curiosity of critics. These teen noir adventures present darker themes and technical features that distinguish them from numerous productions aiming at young adults. Their narrative and aesthetic characteristics reinvent and subvert the tradition of classic noir movies of the forties and fifties, thus generating a sense of novelty. In this article, I focus my attention on Veronica Mars, a famous teen noir series, created by Rob Thomas, to examine: a) the teen noir themes; b) the new profile and role of the private investigator; c) the empowerment of girls/young women; d) razor-sharp dialogues; e) intertextual references to old- school noir movies. In order to do so, resort to the research of specialists in the field of neo noir, such as Mark Conrad, Foster Hirsch, or Roz Kaveney. My main goal is to prove that a new (sub)genre is slowly emerging and revivifying teen cinema.

Modelling and segmentation of the vocal tract during speech production by using deformable models in magnetic resonance images

The first and second authors would like to thank the support of the PhD grants with references SFRH/BD/28817/2006 and SFRH/PROTEC/49517/2009, respectively, from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnol ogia (FCT). This work was partially done in the scope of the project “Methodologies to Analyze Organs from Complex Medical Images – Applications to Fema le Pelvic Cavity”, wi th reference PTDC/EEA- CRO/103320/2008, financially supported by FCT.

Development of a new pultrusion equipment to manufacture thermoplastic matrix composite profiles

This paper describes the design and manufacture of a low-cost full scale pultrusion prototype equipment and discusses the production and obtained mechanical properties of polypropylene/glass (GF/PP) reinforced composite ba rs fabricated by using the prototype equipment. Three different GF/PP pre-impregnated ra w-materials, a commercial GF/PP comingled system from Vetrotex, a GF/PP powder coat ed towpreg [1-3] and, a GF/PP pre- consolidated tape (PCT) produced in our laboratorie s, were used in the production of composite bars that were subsequently submitted to mechanical testing in order to determine the relevant mechanical properties and quantify the consolidation quality. Samples of the different composite profiles were also observed und er SEM microscopy.

New recycling approaches for thermoset polymeric composite wastes – an experimental study on polyester based concrete materials filled with fibre reinforced plastic recyclates

In this study, a new waste management solution for thermoset glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) based products was assessed. Mechanical recycling approach, with reduction of GFRP waste to powdered and fibrous materials was applied, and the prospective added-value of obtained recyclates was experimentally investigated as raw material for polyester based mortars. Different GFRP waste admixed mortar formulations were analyzed varying the content, between 4% up to 12% in weight, of GFRP powder and fibre mix waste. The effect of incorporation of a silane coupling agent was also assessed. Design of experiments and data treatment was accomplished through implementation of full factorial design and analysis of variance ANOVA. Added value of potential recycling solution was assessed by means of flexural and compressive loading capacity of GFRP waste admixed mortars with regard to unmodified polymer mortars. The key findings of this study showed a viable technological option for improving the quality of polyester based mortars and highlight a potential cost-effective waste management solution for thermoset composite materials in the production of sustainable concrete-polymer based products.

Experiments on new polymer based mortars filled with FRP waste recyclates - a quantitative analysis

Glass fibre-reinforced plastics (GFRP) have been considered inherently difficult to recycle due to both: cross-linked nature of thermoset resins, which cannot be remolded, and complex composition of the composite itself. Presently, most of the GFRP waste is landfilled leading to negative environmental impacts and supplementary added costs. With an increasing awareness of environmental matters and the subsequent desire to save resources, recycling would convert an expensive waste disposal into a profitable reusable material. In this study, efforts were made in order to recycle grinded GFRP waste, proceeding from pultrusion production scrap, into new and sustainable composite materials. For this purpose, GFRP waste recyclates, were incorporated into polyester based mortars as fine aggregate and filler replacements at different load contents and particle size distributions. Potential recycling solution was assessed by mechanical behaviour of resultant GFRP waste modified polymer mortars. Results revealed that GFRP waste filled polymer mortars present improved flexural and compressive behaviour over unmodified polyester based mortars, thus indicating the feasibility of the waste reuse in polymer mortars and concrete. © 2011, Advanced Engineering Solutions.

GFRP waste reinforced polymer mortars: a new waste management solution for GFRP scrap material

To date, glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) waste recycling is very limited and restricted by thermoset nature of binder matrix and lack of economically viable enduse applications for the recyclates. In this study, efforts were made in order to recycle grinded GFRP waste proceeding from pultrusion production scrap, into new and sustainable composite materials. For this purpose, GFRP waste recyclates, a mix of powdered and fibrous materials, were incorporated into polyester based mortars as fine aggregate and filler replacements, at different load contents (between 4% up to 12% of total mass) and particle size distributions. Potential recycling solution was assessed by mechanical behaviour of resultant GFRP waste modified polymer mortars. Test results revealed that GFRP waste filled polymer mortars present improved flexural and compressive behaviour over unmodified polyester based mortars, thus indicating the feasibility of GFRP waste reuse in concrete-polymer composites.

Conditional probability applied to the definition of limestone geochemical facies: A new Methodological Approach

A new method, based on linear correlation and phase diagrams was successfully developed for processes like the sedimentary process, where the deposition phase can have different time duration - represented by repeated values in a series - and where the erosion can play an important rule deleting values of a series. The sampling process itself can be the cause of repeated values - large strata twice sampled - or deleted values: tiny strata fitted between two consecutive samples. What we developed was a mathematical procedure which, based upon the depth chemical composition evolution, allows the establishment of frontiers as well as the periodicity of different sedimentary environments. The basic tool isn't more than a linear correlation analysis which allow us to detect the existence of eventual evolution rules, connected with cyclical phenomena within time series (considering the space assimilated to time), with the final objective of prevision. A very interesting discovery was the phenomenon of repeated sliding windows that represent quasi-cycles of a series of quasi-periods. An accurate forecast can be obtained if we are inside a quasi-cycle (it is possible to predict the other elements of the cycle with the probability related with the number of repeated and deleted points). We deal with an innovator methodology, reason why it's efficiency is being tested in some case studies, with remarkable results that shows it's efficacy. Keywords: sedimentary environments, sequence stratigraphy, data analysis, time-series, conditional probability.

Utilization of food industry wastes for the production of zero-valent iron nanoparticles

The proper disposal of the several types of wastes produced in industrial activities increases production costs. As a consequence, it is common to develop strategies to reuse these wastes in the same process and in different processes or to transform them for use in other processes. This work combines the needs for new synthesis methods of nanomaterials and the reduction of production cost using wastes from citrine juice (orange, lime, lemon and mandarin) to produce a new added value product, green zero-valent iron nanoparticles that can be used in several applications, including environmental remediation. The results indicate that extracts of the tested fruit wastes (peel, albedo and pulp fractions) can be used to produce zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVIs). This shows that these wastes can be an added value product. The resulting nZVIs had sizes ranging from 3 up to 300 nm and distinct reactivities (pulp > peel > albedo extracts). All the studied nanoparticles did not present a significant agglomeration/settling tendency when compared to similar nanoparticles, which indicates that they remain in suspension and retain their reactivity.

A new biomimetic sensor for detecting carnitine, a potential biomarker in ovarian cancer

1st ASPIC International Congress