Efeitos de um programa de exercícios específico no domicílio, em indivíduos com doença arterial coronária, na composição corporal, gordura abdominal, perfil lipídico, glicose e nível de atividade física

contribuindo para o aumento da gordura abdominal, e consequentes complicações metabólicas. O exercício físico permite quebrar este ciclo através da estimulação da lipólise e da utilização de ácidos gordos. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos de um programa de exercícios no domicílio, em indivíduos com doença arterial coronária, na composição corporal, gordura abdominal, perfil lipídico, glicose, e nível de atividade física. Métodos: Estudo experimental composto por 20 indivíduos, aleatorizados grupo experimental (GE) e grupo de controlo (GC), ambos com 10, tendo o GE sido sujeito ao programa durante 8 semanas. Realizou-se uma avaliação inicial e final, através da bioimpedância, Tomografia Computorizada (TC) abdominal, perimetria, adipometria, análises sanguíneas e acelerómetro. Resultados: Numa análise intergrupal, verificouse uma diminuição da percentagem (%) de gordura total (GT) calculado pela adipometria (p<0.01), na prega supra-ilíaca (p=0.005), na prega abdominal horizontal (p=0.001) e vertical (p=0.003) no GE, e da % de tempo em atividades moderadas no GC (p=0.035). Após 8 semanas o GE diminuiu a %GT (p=0.008); a massa gorda (MG) (p=0.002); perímetro abaixo da última costela (p=0.037) e acima das cristas-ilíacas (p=0.021); %GT calculado (p=0.002); pregas supra-ilíaca (p=0.008), abdominal horizontal (p=0.002) e vertical (p=0.033); TC abdominal subcutâneo (p=0.031) e %de tempo em atividades vigorosas (p=0.031). O GC diminuiu a %GT (p=0.002) e MG (p=0.008); aumentou o perímetro ao nível dos grandes trocânteres (p=0.008), diminuiu o rácio cintura/anca (p=0.002), e a %de tempo em atividades moderadas (p=0.031) e vigorosas (p=0.008). Parece existir uma tendência no GE para diminuição do rácio cintura/anca, c-LDL, triglicerídeos e aumento do nível de atividade moderado. Conclusão: O programa de exercícios no domicílio demonstrou uma diminuição da gordura abdominal, alteração da composição corporal, e parece promover uma melhoria no perfil lipídico e no aumento do nível de atividade física moderado.

Comparison of allocation approaches in soybean biodiesel life cycle assessment

This work shows the influence of using different allocation approaches when modelling the inventory analysis in a soybean biodiesel life cycle assessment (LCA). Results obtained using mass, energy and economic based allocations are compared, focusing on the following aspects: normalised potential environmental impact (PEI) categories, total PEI and relative contributions to the total PEI from each life cycle stage and environmental impact category. Similar results are obtained either using economic and energy based allocations. However, different results are obtained when mass based allocation is used when compared with the other two. This study also illustrates that using different allocation approaches in biodiesel LCA may influence the final conclusions, especially in comparative assertions, emphasising the need to perform a sensitivity analysis in the LCA interpretation step.

Cardiorespiratory fitness is negatively associated with metabolic risk factors independently of the adherence to a healthy dietary pattern

Background and aim: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and diet have been involved as significant factors towards the prevention of cardio-metabolic diseases. This study aimed to assess the impact of the combined associations of CRF and adherence to the Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEADiet) on the clustering of metabolic risk factors in adolescents. Methods and Results: A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted on 468 adolescents aged 15-18, from the Azorean Islands, Portugal. We measured fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, waits circumference and height. HOMA, TC/HDL-C ratio and waist-to-height ratio were calculated. For each of these variables, a Z-score was computed by age and sex. A metabolic risk score (MRS) was constructed by summing the Z scores of all individual risk factors. High risk was considered when the individual had 1SD of this score. CRF was measured with the 20 m-Shuttle-Run- Test. Adherence to SEADiet was assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression showed that, after adjusting for potential confounders, unfit adolescents with low adherence to SEADiet had the highest odds of having MRS (OR Z 9.4; 95%CI:2.6e33.3) followed by the unfit ones with high adherence to the SEADiet (OR Z 6.6; 95% CI: 1.9e22.5) when compared to those who were fit and had higher adherence to SEADiet.

Assessment of nutritional and metabolic profiles of pea shoots: The new ready-to-eat baby-leaf vegetable

Pea-shoots are a new option as ready-to-eat baby-leaf vegetable. However, data about the nutritional composition and the shelf-life stability of these leaves, especially their phytonutrient composition is scarce. In this work, the macronutrient, micronutrient and phytonutrients profile of minimally processed pea shoots were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of a 10-day storage period. Several physicochemical characteristics (color, pH, total soluble solids, and total titratable acidity) were also monitored. Standard AOAC methods were applied in the nutritional value evaluation, while chromatographic methods with UV–vis and mass detection were used to analyze free forms of vitamins (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS), carotenoids (HPLC-DAD-APCI-MSn) and flavonoid compounds (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn). Atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-AAS) was employed to characterize the mineral content of the leaves. As expected, pea leaves had a high water (91.5%) and low fat (0.3%) and carbohydrate (1.9%) contents, being a good source of dietary fiber (2.1%). Pea shoots showed a high content of vitamins C, E and A, potassium and phosphorous compared to other ready-to-eat green leafy vegetables. The carotenoid profile revealed a high content of β-carotene and lutein, typical from green leafy vegetables. The leaves had a mean flavonoid content of 329 mg/100 g of fresh product, mainly composed by glycosylated quercetin and kaempferol derivatives. Pea shoots kept their fresh appearance during the storage being color maintained throughout the shelf-life. The nutritional composition was in general stable during storage, showing some significant (p < 0.05) variation in certain water-soluble vitamins.