The influence of relationship quality and culture in the relations between exporter and distributor : the case of portuguese exports to Angola

The objective of this research is to investigate the role of the relationship quality, cooperation and culture between Portuguese companies and their export market intermediaries in Angola. In particular, we aim to understand the importance that the quality of the relationship has in cooperation and the role of cultures in export activities. An important aspect of this study is precisely the fact that it includes an African country, where, in terms of the literature, there is a strong lack of studies. In terms of methodology we opted for qualitative analysis; we present the results of two case studies of Portuguese exporting companies and one case study of Angolan intermediate. In general, the results are that the business relationships are characterized by trust, commitment, cooperation, culture, similar values, as in the past, Angola belonged to Portugal there is easy communication because both countries share the same. Such factors will influence the trade relations between Portuguese exporters and their Angolan distributors.

Relationship of milk intake and physical activity to abdominal obesity among adolescents

Background: Diet and physical activity (PA) are recognized as important factors to prevent abdominal obesity (AO), which is strongly associated with chronic diseases. Some studies have reported an inverse association between milk consumption and AO. Objective: This study examined the association between milk intake, PA and AO in adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1209 adolescents, aged 15–18 from the Azorean Archipelago, Portugal in 2008. AO was defined by a waist circumference at or above the 90th percentile. Adolescent food intake was measured using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and milk intake was categorized as ‘low milk intake’ (<2 servings per day) or ‘high milk intake’ ( 2 servings per day). PA was assessed via a self-report questionnaire, and participants were divided into active (>10 points) and low-active groups ( 10 points) on the basis of their reported PA. They were then divided into four smaller groups, according to milk intake and PA: (i) low milk intake/low active; (ii) low milk intake/active; (iii) high milk intake/low active and (iv) high milk intake/active. The association between milk intake, PA and AO was evaluated using logistic regression analysis, and the results were adjusted for demographic, body mass index, pubertal stage and dietary confounders. Results: In this study, the majority of adolescents consumed semi-skimmed or skimmed milk (92.3%). The group of adolescents with high level of milk intake and active had a lower proportion of AO than did other groups (low milk intake/low active: 34.2%; low milk intake/active: 26.9%; high milk intake/low active: 25.7%; high milk intake/active: 21.9%, P = 0.008). After adjusting for confounders, low-active and active adolescents with high levels of milk intake were less likely to have AO, compared with low-active adolescents with low milk intake (high milk intake/low active, odds ratio [OR] = 0.412, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.201– 0.845; high milk intake/active adolescents, OR = 0.445, 95% CI: 0.235–0.845).Conclusion: High milk intake seems to have a protective effect on AO, regardless of PA level

On the development of an automatic voice pleasantness classification and intensity estimation system

In the last few years, the number of systems and devices that use voice based interaction has grown significantly. For a continued use of these systems, the interface must be reliable and pleasant in order to provide an optimal user experience. However there are currently very few studies that try to evaluate how pleasant is a voice from a perceptual point of view when the final application is a speech based interface. In this paper we present an objective definition for voice pleasantness based on the composition of a representative feature subset and a new automatic voice pleasantness classification and intensity estimation system. Our study is based on a database composed by European Portuguese female voices but the methodology can be extended to male voices or to other languages. In the objective performance evaluation the system achieved a 9.1% error rate for voice pleasantness classification and a 15.7% error rate for voice pleasantness intensity estimation.

A relação entre a preparação para a parentalidade no terceiro trimestre de gravidez e os níveis de atividade física das gestantes

Introdução: A atividade física (AF) parece ter um impacto positivo na saúde física e mental durante a gravidez, nascimento e puerpério, sendo que os programas de preparação para a parentalidade (PPP) poderão ser fundamentais para o seu suporte e estimulação. Objetivos: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a relação entre a preparação para a parentalidade no 3º trimestre de gravidez e os níveis de AF da gestante. Especificamente pretendeu-se verificar a relação entre as caraterísticas sociodemográficas das gestantes, os níveis de ansiedade e o PPP. Métodos: Efetuou-se um estudo transversal analítico onde se utilizaram duas amostras. Uma constituída por 42 gestantes que frequentaram o PPP no CHTS (GPP) e outra por 41 gestantes do HSJ que não frequentou (GNPP). A cada gestante foi pedido que preenchessem 3 questionários (caraterização sociodemográfica e saúde obstétrica, Questionário de Atividade Física para gestantes-PPAQ e Escala de ansiedade de Zung), administrados, individualmente, por um Fisioterapeuta. Resultados: Não se verificaram diferenças entre os grupos relativamente ao score da AF total (p=0,615), contudo, o GPP apresentou um número superior de gestantes que praticava desporto organizado durante a gravidez (p=0,016) comparativamente ao GNPP. Relativamente à intensidade da AF, verificou-se que o GPP apresentava uma prática maior de AF vigorosa (p=0,023). No que diz respeito ao tipo de AF, o GPP apresentou um número superior de gestantes a praticar AF desportiva (p<0,001) enquanto no GNPP se verificou uma maior AF ocupacional (p=0,002). Relativamente às caraterísticas sociodemográficas verificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos relativamente à idade (p<0,001), paridade (p<0,001) e nível educacional (p<0,001). No que respeita aos níveis de ansiedade não se verificaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos (GPP vs GNPP p=0,916). Conclusão: No GPP um maior número de gestantes praticava atividade física desportiva e de intensidade vigorosa. Verificaram-se diferenças entre os dois grupos no que diz respeito à idade, paridade e nível educacional. Não se verificou associação entre o PPP e os níveis de ansiedade durante este período.

A estrutura de financiamento das PMEs exportadoras do setor do calçado

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Contabilidade e Finanças, sob orientação do Dr. Carlos Mota

Solar Intensity Forecasting using Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines

This paper presents several forecasting methodologies based on the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM), directed to the prediction of the solar radiance intensity. The methodologies differ from each other by using different information in the training of the methods, i.e, different environmental complementary fields such as the wind speed, temperature, and humidity. Additionally, different ways of considering the data series information have been considered. Sensitivity testing has been performed on all methodologies in order to achieve the best parameterizations for the proposed approaches. Results show that the SVM approach using the exponential Radial Basis Function (eRBF) is capable of achieving the best forecasting results, and in half execution time of the ANN based approaches.

Safety climate and its relationship with furniture companies’ safety performance and workers’ risk acceptance

This study aims to analyse the relationship between safety climate and the level of risk acceptance, as well as its relationship with workplace safety performance. The sample includes 14 companies and 403 workers. The safety climate assessment was performed by the application of a Safety Climate in Wood Industries questionnaire and safety performance was assessed with a checklist. Judgements about risk acceptance were measured through questionnaires together with four other variables: trust, risk perception, benefit perception and emotion. Safety climate was found to be correlated with workgroup safety performance, and it also plays an important role in workers’ risk acceptance levels. Risk acceptance tends to be lower when safety climate scores of workgroups are high, and subsequently, their safety performance is better. These findings seem to be relevant, as they provide Occupational, Safety and Health practitioners with a better understanding of workers’ risk acceptance levels and of the differences among workgroups.

Give some to get some - Analysing the relationship between worker satisfaction with human resources management and perceived individual performance in a Portuguese hospital

The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between the satisfaction with HRM practices in an organization and the workers' perceived performance. We are interested in learning if indeed workers that are more satisfied with the organization’s practices will also perceive themselves as more hardworking than others, thus confirming the happy-productive worker hypothesis, from an individual perception standpoint. Data originates from a large Portuguese hospital, with a sample of 952 clinical and nonclinical hospital workers. Data was originally explored using SPSS software and later tested in AMOS software where a multiple regression model was constructed and tested. Results indicate that overall satisfaction with HRM practices are related with the workers’ perceived performance; most of the HRM satisfaction subscales also relate, except for pay and performance appraisal, that do not seem to be good predictors of the workers perceived performance. The present study is based on a single large public hospital, and thus, these findings need to be further tested in other settings. This study offers some clues regarding the areas of HRM that seem to be more related with the workers’ perceived performance, and hence provide an interesting framework for managers dealing with healthcare teams. This study contributes to the happy-productive worker hypothesis research, by including seldom used variables in the equation and taking a different perspective. Results provide new clues for investigation and practice regarding the areas of action in HRM that seem to be more prone to elicit perceived effort from the workers.

The impact of firm-promoted accreditation of prior learning processes on the worker-organization relationship

The process of Competences Recognition, Validation and Certification , also known as Accreditation of Prior Learning (APL), is an innovative means of attaining school certificates for individuals without an academic background. The main objective of this process is to validate what people have learned in informal contexts, in order to attribute academic certificates. With the increasing interest of the qualification of workers and governmental support, more and more Portuguese organizations promote this process within their facilities and their work hours. This study explores the relationship between the promotion of this Human Resource Development Programme and employee’s attitudes (Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment) and behaviours (Extra-role Organizational Citizenship Behaviours) towards the organization they work for. Results of a cross-sectional survey of Portuguese Industrial Workers (N=135) showed that statistical significant results are in the higher levels of Voice Behaviours (a dimension of Extra-role Organizational Citizenship Behaviour in the groups of workers who were involved or had graduated from the firm promoted APL process.

Relationship between ISO 9001 certification maturity and EFQM business excellence model results

Purpose: This exploratory research evaluates if there is a relationship between the number of years since an organization has achieved ISO 9001 certification and the highest level of recognition received by the same organization with the EFQM Business Excellence Model. Methodology/Approach: After state of the art review a detailed comparison between both models was made. Fifty two Portuguese organizations were considered and Correlation coefficient Spearman Rho was used to investigate the possible relationships. Findings: Conclusion is that there is indeed a moderate positive correlation between these two variables, the higher the number of years of ISO 9001 certification, the higher the results of the organization EFQM model evaluation and recognition. This supports the assumption that ISO 9001 International Standard by incorporating many of the principles present in the EFQM Business Excellence Model is consistent with this model and can be considered as a step towards that direction. Research Limitation/implication: Due to the dynamic nature of these models that might change over time and the possible time delays between implementation and results, more in-depth studies like experimental design or a longitudinal quasi-experimental design could be used to confirm the results of this investigation. Originality/Value of paper: This research gives additional insights on conjunct studies of both models. The use of external evaluation results carried out by the independent EFQM assessors minimizes the possible bias of previous studies accessing the value of ISO 9001 certification.

Contributo da manutenção técnica de edifícios para a sustentabilidade

A manutenção, durante vários anos, traduziu-se num conceito paliativo de instalações e equipamentos, o que se veio a revelar como uma atitude negligente perante o Homem e o Ambiente. As preocupações ambientais estão na ordem do dia e têm sido muitas as vozes que se têm levantado para que o consumo de energia seja mais equilibrado e para que as emissões de CO2 diminuam de forma a preservar o Planeta. De acordo com a resolução do Conselho Europeu, em 2007 (1), foi apresentado um pacote de propostas que visam a sustentabilidade e estimulam a Eficiência Energética (EE), com o objectivo de reduzir os consumos energéticos dos edifícios, quer estes sejam novos ou reabilitados. Segundo a Direcção Geral de Energia e Geologia os edifícios são responsáveis por 60% dos consumos de energia eléctrica, consumo esse que pode ser reduzido em mais de 50%, através de medidas de EE, traduzindo-se numa redução de 400 milhões de toneladas de CO2 por ano. (2) Para além de medidas de EE, também as práticas de manutenção preventiva podem contribuir para a diminuição dos consumos energéticos e de emissões de CO2. Segundo o Institute for Building Efficiency práticas de manutenção preventiva em equipamentos de Aquecimento Ventilação e Ar Condicionado (AVAC) reduzem os consumos energéticos de 10 a 20% e, em contrapartida, a negligência na execução da manutenção pode aumentar os consumos energéticos de 30 a 60%. (3) Uma outra análise de valores a ter em conta, é a Intensidade Energética (IE). Leia-se IE como sendo o valor global da energia consumida num país a dividir pelo seu produto interno bruto. A contribuição do sector dos serviços para a IE nacional era de 17% no ano de 2005. (4) Se a estes dados acrescentarmos que 70% dessa energia é consumida por equipamentos AVAC (5) e que práticas de manutenção reduzem esses valores entre 10 a 20%, pode concluir-se que a redução de custos energéticos associada à manutenção preventiva é efectiva e significativa. Apresentando um cenário ideal e hipotético, se ao contributo do sector dos serviços, para a IE nacional, se isolar o valor referente a equipamentos de AVAC, obtem-se uma IE de aproximadamente 12%. Se adicionalmente se considerar uma taxa de redução, relativa à execução da manutenção, entre 10 e 20%, Portugal obteria uma IE, relativamente aos consumos energéticos em edificios de serviços, não de 17% mas sim entre 14,6% e 15,8%. Neste trabalho pretende-se comprovar que um plano de actividades de manutenção equilibrado, monitorizado, e gerido de forma eficaz e funcional, é uma ferramenta fundamental no cumprimento de objectivos e metas europeias traçadas, que se reúnem num objectivo comum de preservação do planeta. A adopção deste tipo de medidas contribuirá para a racionalização dos consumos energéticos e para o aumento da vida útil dos equipamentos, bem como para a melhoria do desempenho económico e financeiro das organizações, tal como se poderá ler mais à frente neste trabalho. Será também analisado um caso prático, verificando a eficácia das medidas tomadas durante as intervenções preventivas de manutenção, sendo que para isso será estudado o comportamento de um equipamento, antes e após a realização de tarefas de manutenção preventiva. Tentar-se-á, junto de gestores de edifícios, recolher a opinião que têm sobre a importância da manutenção. Ao longo de toda a pesquisa foi possível consolidar a hipótese formulada inicialmente no que concerne ao contributo da manutenção para a sustentabilidade, quer através da revisão da literatura, quer nos testes efectuados a equipamentos. Foi possível confirmar que um plano de manutenção ajustado, monitorizado e cumprido é uma ferramenta na diminuição dos consumos energéticos, aumento da vida útil de equipamentos e por sua vez na diminuição de emissões de CO2. Verificou-se também que o controlo de poluentes e ventilação adequada dos edifícios são uma ferramenta essencial para a qualidade do ar interior, parâmetros facilmente controlados nas actividades de manutenção. O contributo das opiniões recolhidas entre os gestores de edifícios, para este estudo, foi também bastante importante, uma vez que todos eles reconhecem o papel importante da manutenção, mas nem todos estão sensibilizados para o seu papel na sustentabilidade do planeta. Nesta dissertação é deixado um alerta: o crescimento da população mundial e a consequente utilização de recursos naturais que são finitos, não sendo controlado de uma forma sustentada, pode resultar na destruição de um planeta único. O papel negativo do Homem nas alterações climáticas é inequívoco e é necessário melhorar a sua relação com o Ambiente. Cada ser humano está inserido na sua comunidade e dentro dela tem a sua função, cabe a cada um exercer esta responsabilidade nas suas actividades do dia-a-dia.

Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for ochratoxin A detection in food samples

A novel electrochemical sensor for ochratoxin A (OTA) detection was fabricated through the modification of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). The MWCNTs dramatically promoted the sensitivity of the developed sensor, while polypyrrole (PPy) imprinted with OTA served as the selective recognition element. The imprinted PPy film was prepared by electropolymerization of pyrrole in the presence of OTA as a template molecule via cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electrochemical oxidation of OTA at the developed sensor was investigated by CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The developed MIP/MWCNT/GCE sensor showed a linear relationship, when using DPV, between peak current intensity and OTA concentration in the range between 0.050 and 1.0 μM, with limits of detection (LOD) and quantification of 0.0041 μM (1.7 μg/L) and 0.014 μM (5.7 μg/L) respectively. With the developed sensor precise results were obtained; relative standard deviations of 4.2% and 7.5% in the evaluation of the repeatability and reproducibility, respectively. The MIP/MWCNT/GCE sensor is simple to fabricate and easy to use and was successfully applied to the determination of OTA in spiked beer and wine samples, with recoveries between 84 and 104%, without the need of a sample pre-treatment step.

The relationship between knowledge acquisition on international assignments and career development: an exploratory study with portuguese repatriates

This paper explores the relationship between the expatriates’ knowledge acquisition (KA) and their career development after an international assignment (IA). The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of expatriates in KA and transfer within International Portuguese multinational corporations. Furthermore, with this empirical study we try to analyse how the knowledge that is acquired and transferred translates into a basis for career development after the IA. This phenomenon has a special relevance in the Portuguese context, because this country is known a growing process of globalization in recent years. Furthermore, (a) there are no empirical studies concerning knowledge transfer and career development of repatriates from Portuguese companies; (b) little is known about the repatriates’ contributions to their home company after IA. This paper is one of the first to focus specifically on the repatriates’ role in KA and transfer from the host company to their Portuguese home company. A qualitative research methodology is used, specifically through an exploratory case study approach, which examines how knowledge management (KM) acquisition or transferring during IA are important for the repatriates’ career development in the Portuguese home company. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews to 42 Portuguese international assignees and 18 organizational representatives from nine Portuguese companies. Preliminary results show that KA and transfer made by Portuguese expatriates contributes directly to their career development. Moreover, evidence reveals that not all repatriates were promoted after their IA; rather some repatriates were even demoted after their IA. Furthermore, the results obtained suggest that the type of knowledge which acquired or transferred plays a central role in the career development after repatriation. According to these results, the paper discusses the major theoretical and practical implications. Suggestions for future research are also presented.