Cardiorespiratory fitness is negatively associated with metabolic risk factors independently of the adherence to a healthy dietary pattern

Background and aim: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and diet have been involved as significant factors towards the prevention of cardio-metabolic diseases. This study aimed to assess the impact of the combined associations of CRF and adherence to the Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEADiet) on the clustering of metabolic risk factors in adolescents. Methods and Results: A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted on 468 adolescents aged 15-18, from the Azorean Islands, Portugal. We measured fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, waits circumference and height. HOMA, TC/HDL-C ratio and waist-to-height ratio were calculated. For each of these variables, a Z-score was computed by age and sex. A metabolic risk score (MRS) was constructed by summing the Z scores of all individual risk factors. High risk was considered when the individual had 1SD of this score. CRF was measured with the 20 m-Shuttle-Run- Test. Adherence to SEADiet was assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression showed that, after adjusting for potential confounders, unfit adolescents with low adherence to SEADiet had the highest odds of having MRS (OR Z 9.4; 95%CI:2.6e33.3) followed by the unfit ones with high adherence to the SEADiet (OR Z 6.6; 95% CI: 1.9e22.5) when compared to those who were fit and had higher adherence to SEADiet.

Modelo de previsão de insolvências

O atual, e já contínuo, clima de instabilidade e crise financeira, assola diversos países. Fruto de todo este clima, também de insegurança e vulnerabilidade assistimos à insolvência de inúmeras empresas. Em 2014, 9.2291 empresas portuguesas encontram-se em processos de insolvência ou recuperação. Ao longo dos anos foram criados modelos de previsão de insolvências, entre eles, o mais importante, Z-Score de Edward Altman, que consistem na utilização de rácios financeiros para uma análise multivariada. Estes modelos revelaram-se uma importante ferramenta na análise do desempenho de uma empresa e no apoio à decisão do risco de crédito. Neste sentido, o papel da Auditoria é também fundamental, com o objetivo de credibilizar as demonstrações financeiras, pois o nosso estudo assenta na criação de um modelo para prever a insolvência através da dimensão económico-financeira, e, por consequência, as demonstrações financeiras são a base da nossa análise. O presente estudo pretende analisar o setor do calçado e identificar quais os rácios económicofinanceiros relevantes e a significância da variável Certificação Legal de Contas para a previsão de insolvência em empresas deste ramo, através de uma investigação qualitativa, de caráter exploratório e de técnica de análise de conteúdo. Selecionamos 60 empresas do setor, em que 33 são empresas solventes e 27 em estado de insolvência/ dissolução/ falência/ liquidação. As Demonstrações Financeiras das empresas solventes consideram como último ano, 2014. De seguida selecionamos 31 rácios, incluindo as variáveis Certificação Legal de Contas e a Solvência ou não da empresa em questão. Com base nestes dados, construiremos o modelo de previsão, através da ferramenta SPSS e responderemos às hipóteses formuladas.

Age-period-cohort effects in the incidence of hip fractures: political and economic events are coincident with changes in risk

Introduction: Healthcare improvements have allowed prevention but have also increased life expectancy, resulting in more people being at risk. Our aim was to analyse the separate effects of age, period and cohort on incidence rates by sex in Portugal, 2000–2008. Methods: From the National Hospital Discharge Register, we selected admissions (aged ≥49 years) with hip fractures (ICD9-CM, codes 820.x) caused by low/moderate trauma (falls from standing height or less), readmissions and bone cancer cases. We calculated person-years at risk using population data from Statistics Portugal. To identify period and cohort effects for all ages, we used an age–period–cohort model (1-year intervals) followed by generalised additive models with a negative binomial distribution of the observed incidence rates of hip fractures. Results: There were 77,083 hospital admissions (77.4 % women). Incidence rates increased exponentially with age for both sexes (age effect). Incidence rates fell after 2004 for women and were random for men (period effect). There was a general cohort effect similar in both sexes; risk of hip fracture altered from an increasing trend for those born before 1930 to a decreasing trend following that year. Risk alterations (not statistically significant) coincident with major political and economic change in the history of Portugal were observed around birth cohorts 1920 (stable–increasing), 1940 (decreasing–increasing) and 1950 (increasing–decreasing only among women). Conclusions: Hip fracture risk was higher for those born during major economically/politically unstable periods. Although bone quality reflects lifetime exposure, conditions at birth may determine future risk for hip fractures.