Power systems reliability calculation based on fuzzy data mining

This paper presents a methodology supported on the data base knowledge discovery process (KDD), in order to find out the failure probability of electrical equipments’, which belong to a real electrical high voltage network. Data Mining (DM) techniques are used to discover a set of outcome failure probability and, therefore, to extract knowledge concerning to the unavailability of the electrical equipments such us power transformers and high-voltages power lines. The framework includes several steps, following the analysis of the real data base, the pre-processing data, the application of DM algorithms, and finally, the interpretation of the discovered knowledge. To validate the proposed methodology, a case study which includes real databases is used. This data have a heavy uncertainty due to climate conditions for this reason it was used fuzzy logic to determine the set of the electrical components failure probabilities in order to reestablish the service. The results reflect an interesting potential of this approach and encourage further research on the topic.

Basic dyestuffs removal from textile effluents using feathers: equilibrium, kinetic and column studies

This research work has been focused in the study of gallinaceous feathers, a waste that may be valorised as sorbent, to remove the Dark Blue Astrazon 2RN (DBA) from Dystar. This study was focused on the following aspects: optimization of experimental conditions through factorial design methodology, kinetic studies into a continuous stirred tank adsorber (at pH 7 and 20ºC), equilibrium isotherms (at pH 5, 7 and 9 at 20 and 45ºC) and column studies (at 20ºC, at pH 5, 7 and 9). In order to evaluate the influence of the presence of other components in the sorption of the dyestuff, all experiments were performed both for the dyestuff in aqueous solution and in real textile effluent. The pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic models were fitted to the experimental data, being the latter the best fit for the aqueous solution of dyestuff. For the real effluent both models fit the experimental results and there is no statistical difference between them. The Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (15 - 45ºC) and pH (5 - 9) over the sorption in aqueous solution. The influence of pH was more significant than temperature. The optimal conditions selected were 45ºC and pH 9. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models could fit the equilibrium data. In the concentration range studied, the highest sorbent capacity was obtained for the optimal conditions in aqueous solution, which corresponds to a maximum capacity of 47± 4 mg g-1. The Yoon-Nelson, Thomas and Yan’s models fitted well the column experimental data. The highest breakthrough time for 50% removal, 170 min, was obtained at pH 9 in aqueous solution. The presence of the dyeing agents in the real wastewater decreased the sorption of the dyestuff mostly for pH 9, which is the optimal pH. The effect of pH is less pronounced in the real effluent than in aqueous solution. This work shows that feathers can be used as sorbent in the treatment of textile wastewaters containing DBA.

Copper and lead removal by peanut hulls: equilibrium and kinetic studies

This research work aims to study the use of peanut hulls, an agricultural and food industry waste, for copper and lead removal through equilibrium and kinetic parameters evaluation. Equilibrium batch studies were performed in a batch adsorber. The influence of initial pH was evaluated (3–5) and it was selected between 4.0 and 4.5. The maximum sorption capacities obtained for the Langmuir model were 0.21 ± 0.03 and 0.18 ± 0.02 mmol/g, respectively for copper and lead. In bi-component systems, competitive sorption of copper and lead was verified, the total amount adsorbed being around 0.21 mmol of metal per gram of material in both mono and bi-component systems. In the kinetic studies equilibrium was reached after 200 min contact time using a 400 rpm stirring rate, achieving 78% and 58% removal, in mono-component system, for copper and lead respectively. Their removal follows a pseudo-second-order kinetics. These studies show that most of the metals removal occurred in the first 20 min of contact, which shows a good uptake rate in all systems.

Exploiting sensor redundancy for the calculation of fractional derivatives in the presence of noise

In this paper a new method for the calculation of the fractional expressions in the presence of sensor redundancy and noise, is presented. An algorithm, taking advantage of the signal characteristics and the sensor redundancy, is tuned and optimized through genetic algorithms. The results demonstrate the good performance for different types of expressions and distinct levels of noise.

Calculation of fractional derivatives of noisy data with genetic algorithms

This paper addresses the calculation of derivatives of fractional order for non-smooth data. The noise is avoided by adopting an optimization formulation using genetic algorithms (GA). Given the flexibility of the evolutionary schemes, a hierarchical GA composed by a series of two GAs, each one with a distinct fitness function, is established.

A physical packing sequence algorithm for the container loading problem with static mechanical equilibrium conditions

The container loading problem (CLP) is a combinatorial optimization problem for the spatial arrangement of cargo inside containers so as to maximize the usage of space. The algorithms for this problem are of limited practical applicability if real-world constraints are not considered, one of the most important of which is deemed to be stability. This paper addresses static stability, as opposed to dynamic stability, looking at the stability of the cargo during container loading. This paper proposes two algorithms. The first is a static stability algorithm based on static mechanical equilibrium conditions that can be used as a stability evaluation function embedded in CLP algorithms (e.g. constructive heuristics, metaheuristics). The second proposed algorithm is a physical packing sequence algorithm that, given a container loading arrangement, generates the actual sequence by which each box is placed inside the container, considering static stability and loading operation efficiency constraints.

Processos de construção e dimensionamento de pontes atirantadas

Na presente dissertação desenvolve-se o tema das pontes atirantadas. Apresentam-se várias formas de concepção estrutural, identificando os diversos elementos estruturais e as suas possíveis combinações. São também apresentadas as vantagens, desvantagens e aplicação de cada elemento estrutural na globalidade da estrutura. Os métodos construtivos foram também abordados, apresentando o faseamento construtivo, vantagens, desvantagens e condicionantes de cada processo para pilares, mastros e tabuleiros. Foi feito um estudo das várias acções regulamentares relevantes, para este tipo de estrutura, explicando para cada uma a sua metodologia de cálculo e a sua aplicação em cada elemento estrutural. A sua aplicação depende da estrutura em causa. Utilizando como caso de estudo uma ponte idealizada pelo Professor António Adão da Fonseca, que faz a ligação entre as cidades do Porto e Vila Nova de Gaia, foi feito um pré-dimensionamento de cada elemento estrutural, assim como o cálculo do pré-tensionamento dos tirantes. Em seguida foram elaboradas análises estáticas e dinâmicas através de um modelo numérico, considerando algumas das acções regulamentares estudadas anteriormente. Das análises foram extraídos valores de deslocamentos e esforços em cada elemento estrutural. Estes deslocamentos e esforços foram comparados entre várias combinações de acções e alternâncias de sobrecargas, procedendo-se no final a uma discussão dos resultados.

Numerical calculation of the left and right fractional derivatives

The calculation of fractional derivatives is an important topic in scientific research. While formal definitions are clear from the mathematical point of view, they pose limitations in applied sciences that have not been yet tackled. This paper addresses the problem of obtaining left and right side derivatives when adopting numerical approximations. The results reveal the relationship between the resulting distinct values for different fractional orders and types of signals.

Separating sequential equilibrium in a Bayesian international duopoly

We consider two Cournot firms, one located in the home country and the other in the foreign country, producing substitute goods for consumption in a third country. We suppose that neither the home government nor the foreign firm know the costs of the home firm, while the foreign firm cost is common knowledge. We determine the separating sequential equilibrium outputs.