Folk culture and political power: practices and representations of moliceiro culture in Portugal, cultural sociology

This article analyses the painted panels of the moliceiro boat, a traditional working boat of the Ria de Aveiro region of Portugal. The article examines how the painted panels have been invented and reinvented over time. The boat and its panels are contextualized both within the changing socio-economic conditions of the Ria de Aveiro region, and the changing socio-political conditions of Portugal throughout the 20th century and until the present day. The article historically analyses the social significance of ‘moliceiro culture’, examining in particular the power relations it expresses and its ambiguous past and present relationships with the political and the economic powers of the Portuguese state. The article unpacks some of the complexity of the relations that have pertained between public and private, local and national, folk culture and ‘art’, and popular and institutional in the Ria de Aveiro region in particular, and Portugal more generally.

Cultura e desempenho nas organizações de economia social: um estudo em cooperativas

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender a relação existente entre a cultura organizacional e o desempenho nas organizações de economia social, em particular nas cooperativas. A pertinência do objeto de estudo reside no facto de a economia social, em particular as cooperativas, ser reconhecidamente um fenómeno secular, tendo expressão na quase totalidade dos países do mundo, o que tem contribuído para o seu reconhecimento jurídico e político. A crescente importância que este setor tem adquirido nos diferentes países revela o seu potencial enquanto agente empregador e enquanto alternativa às formas organizacionais e gestionárias do sistema capitalista em vigor. Também, o cooperativismo representa um papel fundamental a nível da economia social, por ser um imprescindível ator da coesão social, promovendo a renovação da economia e sociedade, contribuindo para a criação de novas esperanças e oportunidades para as comunidades e os seus cidadãos. Por outro lado, no mundo globalizado em que se vive ocorrem mudanças que despertam a reavaliação de premissas culturais. Nesse sentido, a cultura organizacional é considerada um fator de grande importância para o bom desempenho das organizações em geral (Campos, Rédua & Alvareli, 2011). Para a recolha de dados, utilizou-se o questionário, tendo por base o Modelo dos Valores Contrastantes de Quinn & Rohbaugh (1983) para a cultura e, para o desempenho, recorreu-se ao Modelo de Análise de Medição do desempenho nas OES de Carvalho (2005) e questionário para medir a satisfação no trabalho.Os resultados contribuíram para sugerir linhas orientadoras para o aprofundamento da temática. Não foi encontrado um perfil cultural que esteja mais relacionado com o melhor desempenho das cooperativas. Neste trabalho, saiu evidenciado que: vários tipos de cultura podem ser importantes para a obtenção de bons desempenhos nas cooperativas, havendo maior predominância para as culturas de Clã, Adocracia e Mercado e menos predominância para a cultura de Hierarquia. No âmbito das cooperativas deste estudo, a cultura Hierarquia, percecionada como não predominante parece coocorre com o melhor desempenho. Realçando o facto de que, mesmo nas cooperativas em que não há procedimentos estruturados é possível ter um bom desempenho.

Resident's perceptions on impacts of hosting the “Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture

. Residents tend to have high expectations about the benefits of hosting a mega‐event. So, it was not surprising that the nomination of Guimarães, Portugal, as the 2012 European Capital of Culture (2012 ECOC) had raised great expectations in the local community towards its socio‐economic and cultural benefits. The present research was designed to examine the Guimarães residents’ perceptions on the impacts of hosting the 2012 ECOC approached in two different time schedules, the pre‐ and the post‐event, trying to capture the evolution of the residents` evaluation of its impacts. For getting the data, two surveys were applied to Guimarães` residents, one in the pre‐event phase, in 2011, and another in the post‐event phase, in 2013. This approach is uncommonly applied to Portugal data and it is even the first time it was done to a Portuguese European Capital of Culture. After a factor analysis, the results of t‐tests indicate that there were significant differences (p<0.05) between the samples from the pre‐ and post‐2012 ECOC on two positive impact factors (Community’ benefits and Residents’ benefits) and one negative impact factor (Economic, social and environmental costs). Respondents also showed a negative perception of the impacts in all dimensions, except Changes in habits of Guimarães residents. 

Organizational Culture in Cooperatives: an exploratory approach

In recent years, organizational culture has become one of the common themes of interest of scientific and academic research. Each organization has its own unique cultural identity. Based on the recognition that organizational culture is considered important to an organization’s results, and social economy organizations are concerned with improving managerial practices and results, our objective is to study organizational culture in cooperatives: identifying their organizational culture as a specific type of organization of the social economy, recognized as increasingly important economic agents; and in doing so, explore the usage of a widely known model, the Competing Values Framework (Quinn & Rohrbaugh 1983). Three cooperatives were studied. Their presidents were interviewed, and a questionnaire was applied to cooperative members to obtain demographic and organizational culture data. Differences between the cooperatives’ cultural profiles seem to be consistent with both the circumstances of Portuguese social economy organizations (SEOs), and to the organizations’ uniqueness regarding their trade, focuses, and history. International firm trends were compared with this study’s results, and also appear to be explained by the SEO’s management practices evolution standpoint: lack of structured way of working, and the need to improvise and innovate in order to get things done. The importance of our research is held in the fact that social economy, and the cooperative movement in particular, has a developing importance in the expansion of many economies, the lack of literature on culture in SEOs, and the exploratory usage of a well-known model of management literature in cooperatives.

Organizational culture in cooperatives: an exploratory approach

In recent years, organizational culture has become one of the common themes of interest of scientific and academic research. Each organization has its own unique cultural identity. Based on the recognition that organizational culture is considered important to an organization’s results, and social economy organizations are concerned with improving managerial practices and results, our objective is to study organizational culture in cooperatives: identifying their organizational culture as a specific type of organization of the social economy, recognized as increasingly important economic agents; and in doing so, explore the usage of a widely known model, the Competing Values Framework (Quinn & Rohrbaugh 1983). Three cooperatives were studied. Their presidents were interviewed, and a questionnaire was applied to cooperative members to obtain demographic and organizational culture data. Differences between the cooperatives’ cultural profiles seem to be consistent with both the circumstances of Portuguese social economy organizations (SEOs), and to the organizations’ uniqueness regarding their trade, focuses, and history. International firm trends were compared with this study’s results, and also appear to be explained by the SEO’s management practices evolution standpoint: lack of structured way of working, and the need to improvise and innovate in order to get things done. The importance of our research is held in the fact that social economy, and the cooperative movement in particular, has a developing importance in the expansion of many economies, the lack of literature on culture in SEOs, and the exploratory usage of a well-known model of management literature in cooperatives.