Literature, translation and national identity: Christina Rossetti and Rosalía de Castro in the work of Plácido Castro

Plácido Castro‘s work has aroused our interest, because it evolves around the question of Galician personality and identity. While working as a journalist and a translator or while writing essays on different literary issues, Plácido Castro has never forgotten his roots or his nation. One could even say that his whole life turns around Galicia. Our purpose is to make a critical analysis of his work, especially as a translator, and try to show how he used translation in order to develop national conscience and identity and to see how far his ideology interfered in the interpretation and translation of Rossetti‘s poetry, in which he found a great similarity with Rosalìa de Castro‘s work.

O feminino na obra de Uanhenga Xitu

Interessa-nos para este artigo perscrutar as representações da vida social em narrativas do escritor angolano Uanhenga Xitu, mormente no que diz respeito à personagem feminina e ao papel da mulher nas sociedades tradicionais angolanas. Nas narrativas cujas ações se passam no interior de Angola, as representações sociais da mulher revelam um modus vivendi diferenciado daquele experimentado por mulheres que migram para a capital, Luanda, espaço em que a noção de vida comunitária, tão significativa nas sociedades tradicionais, perde seu significado. Os trabalhos lá executados, por exemplo, serão em favor do colono, como os dos empregados domésticos, e não para a coletividade. Já nos espaços interiores, mais distantes da mão pesada do colonizador, as representações da vida social dos angolanos são mais expressivas e essa diferenciação revela que a migração do campo para a cidade, no caso de um país dominado pela colonização, metaforiza o abandono de um tipo de (con)vivência social em favor de outro. Como a política colonial portuguesa foi assimilacionista, essa migração será sinônimo de busca de adesão ao modus vivendi do outro, muitas vezes para sofrer menos os efeitos da dominação. Para essa discussão, não é por livre escolha que se tratará das personagens femininas na obra de Xitu, posto que as mulheres em seus textos ganham vez e voz para a expressão do proprium angolano, como se o autor as quisesse homenagear em sinal do reconhecimento de sua importância na construção e preservação da memória, que é capaz de criar laços identitários entre as milenares gerações passadas e as futuras, como esboçaremos (Esta reflexão teve origem no estudo desenvolvido no doutoramento, intitulado Entre dois contares: o espaço da tradição na escrita de Uanhenga Xitu, defendida em 1996 na FFLCH-USP, e orientada pela Dra. Maria Aparecida Santilli, falecida em março de 2008).

Wuthering heights on the screen: exploring the relations between film adaptation and subtitling

This essay aims to confront the literary text Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë with five of its screen adaptations and Portuguese subtitles. Owing to the scope of the study, it will necessarily afford merely a bird‘s eye view of the issues and serve as a starting point for further research. Accordingly, the following questions are used as guidelines: What transformations occur in the process of adapting the original text to the screen? Do subtitles update the film dialogues to the target audience‘s cultural and linguistic context? Are subtitles influenced more by oral speech than by written literary discourse? Shouldn‘t subtitles in fact reflect the poetic function prevalent in screen adaptations of literary texts? Rather than attempt to answer these questions, we focus on the objects as phenomena. Our interdisciplinary undertaking clearly involves a semio-pragmatic stance, at this stage trying to avoid theoretical backdrops that may affect our apprehension of the objects as to their qualities, singularities, and conventional traits, based on Lucia Santaella‘s interpretation of Charles S. Peirce‘s phaneroscopy. From an empirical standpoint, we gather features and describe peculiarities, under the presumption that there are substrata in subtitling that point or should point to the literary source text, albeit through the mediation of a film script and a particular cinematic style. Therefore, we consider how the subtitling process may be influenced by the literary intertext, the idiosyncrasies of a particular film adaptation, as well as the socio-cultural context of the subtitler and target audience. First, we isolate one of the novel‘s most poignant scenes – ‗I am Heathcliff‘ – taking into account its symbolic play and significance in relation to character and plot construction. Secondly, we study American, English, French, and Mexican adaptations of the excerpt into film in terms of intersemiotic transformations. Then we analyze differences between the film dialogues and their Portuguese subtitles.

Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks Training Through Charged System Search and its Application for Non-Technical Losses Detection

The non-technical loss is not a problem with trivial solution or regional character and its minimization represents the guarantee of investments in product quality and maintenance of power systems, introduced by a competitive environment after the period of privatization in the national scene. In this paper, we show how to improve the training phase of a neural network-based classifier using a recently proposed meta-heuristic technique called Charged System Search, which is based on the interactions between electrically charged particles. The experiments were carried out in the context of non-technical loss in power distribution systems in a dataset obtained from a Brazilian electrical power company, and have demonstrated the robustness of the proposed technique against with several others natureinspired optimization techniques for training neural networks. Thus, it is possible to improve some applications on Smart Grids.