Negritude e literatura de cordel: uma ��pica da interculturalidade ante o supranacional

Escrever �� um dos mais poderosos instrumentos usados pela m��dia para levar informa����es vitais. Nesse sentido, o efeito das ���novas ideologias���, para valoriza����o da identidade afro-brasileira, incidem diretamente sobre a produ����o liter��ria como uma mensagem rigorosamente direcionada a um p��blico menos especializado como receptor. O presente artigo discute a rela����o entre o g��nero cordel e algumas das pol��ticas culturais aplicadas no nordeste do Brasil. Tal estrat��gia vem comprovar n��o apenas o processo ativo de negocia����o entre os grupos subalternizados e os discursos dos poderes hegem��nicos, mas tamb��m a reatualiza����o do g��nero liter��rio do cordel, com o aparecimento de novos narradores e tem��ticas. Como se observa estes narradores est��o plenamente conscientes dos seus pap��is pol��ticos ante a comunidade de que, fazem parte. Circulando em um espa��o geogr��fico urbano, a produ����o n��o depende da condi����o econ��mica de seus leitores para sua aquisi����o, uma vez que sua distribui����o centraliza-se na informa����o gratuita. Ao contr��rio da literatura ���tradicional���, o real e o veross��mil possuem objetivos definidos como informar e ensinar o destinat��rio sobre a nova lei em vigor. Nesse caso, a literatura cumpre de imediato um de seus pap��is cl��ssicos, o de ser ��til, revestindo-se de fun����es igualmente nobres, provocando a ���catarse social��� de indiv��duos pela aquisi����o de um saber inerente `a sua condi����o de cidad��o.

Telling stories of culture through literature

Grounded on Raymond Williams���s definition of knowable community as a cultural tool to analyse literary texts, the essay reads the texts D.H.Lawrence wrote while travelling in the Mediterranean (Twilight in Italy, Sea and Sardinia and Etruscan Places) as knowable communities, bringing to the discussion the wide importance of literature not only as an object for aesthetic or textual readings, but also as a signifying practice which tells stories of culture. Departing from some considerations regarding the historical development of the relationship between literature and culture, the essay analyses the ways D. H. Lawrence constructed maps of meaning, where the readers, in a dynamic relation with the texts, apprehend experiences, structures and feelings; putting into perspective Williams���s theory of culture as a whole way of life, it also analyses the ways the author communicates and organizes these experiences, creating a space of communication and operating at different levels of reality: on the one hand, the reality of the whole way of Italian life, and, on the other hand, the reality of the reader who aspires to make sense and to create an interpretative context where all the information is put, and, also, the reality of the writer in the poetic act of writing. To read these travel writings as knowable communities is to understand them as a form that invents a community with no other existence but that of the literary text. The cultural construction we find in these texts is the result of the selection, and interpretation done by D.H.Lawrence, as well as the product of the author���s enunciative positions, and of his epistemological and ontological filigrees of existence, structured by the conditions of possibility. In the rearticulation of the text, of the writer and of the reader, in a dynamic and shared process of discursive alliances, we understand that Lawrence tells stories of the Mediterranean through his literary art.

A literature review on the optimization of legged robots

Over the last two decades the research and development of legged locomotion robots has grown steadily. Legged systems present major advantages when compared with ���traditional��� vehicles, because they allow locomotion in inaccessible terrain to vehicles with wheels and tracks. However, the robustness of legged robots, and especially their energy consumption, among other aspects, still lag behind mechanisms that use wheels and tracks. Therefore, in the present state of development, there are several aspects that need to be improved and optimized. Keeping these ideas in mind, this paper presents the review of the literature of different methods adopted for the optimization of the structure and locomotion gaits of walking robots. Among the distinct possible strategies often used for these tasks are referred approaches such as the mimicking of biological animals, the use of evolutionary schemes to find the optimal parameters and structures, the adoption of sound mechanical design rules, and the optimization of power-based indexes.

Literature, translation and national identity: Christina Rossetti and Rosal��a de Castro in the work of Pl��cido Castro

Pl��cido Castro���s work has aroused our interest, because it evolves around the question of Galician personality and identity. While working as a journalist and a translator or while writing essays on different literary issues, Pl��cido Castro has never forgotten his roots or his nation. One could even say that his whole life turns around Galicia. Our purpose is to make a critical analysis of his work, especially as a translator, and try to show how he used translation in order to develop national conscience and identity and to see how far his ideology interfered in the interpretation and translation of Rossetti���s poetry, in which he found a great similarity with Rosal��a de Castro���s work.