O Impacto da dimensão e da estrutura de capitais na qualidade das demonstrações financeiras

Neste artigo, os efeitos da dimensão e do nível de endividamento sobre a qualidade das Demonstrações Financeiras (DF) são analisados para as empresas portuguesas. Para estimar a qualidade das DF recorremos a duas abordagens: as Necessidades de Fundo de Maneio (NFM) anormais e a Persistência dos Resultados, as quais foram referidas por Schipper e Vicent (2003). A evidência empírica mostra-nos que a dimensão determina a qualidade da informação financeira e que esta relação é positiva, ou seja, as empresas maiores tendem a apresentar melhor informação. Assim as pequenas empresas carecem de mecanismos que garantam uma maior qualidade das DF. Contudo, este resultado só é estatisticamente significativo para uma das duas abordagens seguidas. Adicionalmente, a relação entre a estrutura de capitais e a qualidade da demonstração financeira não é muito consistente.

A remote engineering solution for automating a roller hearth kiln

Remote engineering (also known as online engineering) may be defined as a combination of control engineering and telematics. In this area, specific activities require computacional skills in order to develop projects where electrical devives are monitored and / or controlled, in an intercative way, through a distributed network (e.g. Intranet or Internet). In our specific case, we will be dealing with an industrial plant. Within the last few years, there has been an increase in the number of activities related to remote engineering, which may be connected to the phenomenon of the large extension experienced by the Internet (e.g. bandwith, number of users, development tools, etc.). This increase opens new and future possibilities to the implementation of advance teleworking (or e-working) positions. In this paper we present the architecture for a remote application, accessible through the Internet, able to monitor and control a roller hearth kiln, used in a ceramics industry for firing materials. The proposed architecture is based on a micro web server, whose main function is to monitor and control the firing process, by reading the data from a series of temperature sensors and by controlling a series of electronic valves and servo motors. This solution is also intended to be a low-cost alternative to other potential solutions. The temperature readings are obtained through K-type thermopairs and the gas flow is controlled through electrovalves. As the firing process should not be stopped before its complete end, the system is equipped with a safety device for that specific purpose. For better understanding the system to be automated and its operation we decided to develop a scale model (100:1) and experiment on it the devised solution, based on a Micro Web Server.