Inovação e benchmarking: uma parceria eficiente?

A mundividência contemporânea contextualiza a actividade empresarial num am­biente crescentemente competitivo e exigente em termos de eficiência das organizações. A inovação é um factor relevante para que as empresas vençam as concorrentes e se fortaleçamno mercado. Começamos, assim, por enquadrar este conceito de acor­do com o que alguns dos autores mais conhecidos afirmam, explicando seguidamente quais os principais tipos de inovação e seu significado, dando relevo aos que aqui nos interessam. Posteriormente abordamos e explicamos o benchmarking, a sua importância como instrumento de gestão e as diversas tipologias de aplicação do mesmo. Fechamos o ciclo com a interligação desta ferramenta com a gestão da inovação, salientando os aspectos da utilização da primeira que facilitam a gestão da segunda. Abordamos de forma sintética a ligação do benchmarking estratégico com a gestão da inovação e apresentamos as nossas conclusões sabre a eficiência da parceria entre benchmarking e inovação.

A two-level genetic algorithm for the multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem

This paper presents a genetic algorithm for the multimode resource-constrained project scheduling problem (MRCPSP), in which multiple execution modes are available for each of the activities of the project. The objective function is the minimization of the construction project completion time. To solve the problem, is applied a two-level genetic algorithm, which makes use of two separate levels and extend the parameterized schedule generation scheme by introducing an improvement procedure. It is evaluated the quality of the schedule and present detailed comparative computational results for the MRCPSP, which reveal that this approach is a competitive algorithm.

Buildings Sustainability: The HVAC Contribution

A very important part of the globally produced energy is consumed in buildings, being an important share frequently used in the HVAC systems. These ones are increasing both in performance and in complexity, taking advantage from the use of the recent advances in mechanical and power electronic devices, particularly in the speed variation field. However the improved efficiency only occurs while the HVAC unit is working in the conditions specified by the manufacturer, otherwise the energy consumption raises to values considerably higher than the nominal ones. The adequate maintenance enforces the system to run on its nominal performance and the contrary has undesirable impact both in the performance and in the system expected life time. Therefore, HVAC field maintenance assumes a very important role in the global building sustainability concept. This work presents some results of an incorrect use of HVAC and the associated electric energy overconsumption that can assume values 50% higher than those that occur when the installation is operated according to the adequate maintenance plan.