Software transactional memory as a building block for parallel embedded realtime systems

The recent trends of chip architectures with higher number of heterogeneous cores, and non-uniform memory/non-coherent caches, brings renewed attention to the use of Software Transactional Memory (STM) as a fundamental building block for developing parallel applications. Nevertheless, although STM promises to ease concurrent and parallel software development, it relies on the possibility of aborting conflicting transactions to maintain data consistency, which impacts on the responsiveness and timing guarantees required by embedded real-time systems. In these systems, contention delays must be (efficiently) limited so that the response times of tasks executing transactions are upper-bounded and task sets can be feasibly scheduled. In this paper we assess the use of STM in the development of embedded real-time software, defending that the amount of contention can be reduced if read-only transactions access recent consistent data snapshots, progressing in a wait-free manner. We show how the required number of versions of a shared object can be calculated for a set of tasks. We also outline an algorithm to manage conflicts between update transactions that prevents starvation.

A framework for the development of parallel and distributed real-time embedded systems

Embedded real-time applications increasingly present high computation requirements, which need to be completed within specific deadlines, but that present highly variable patterns, depending on the set of data available in a determined instant. The current trend to provide parallel processing in the embedded domain allows providing higher processing power; however, it does not address the variability in the processing pattern. Dimensioning each device for its worst-case scenario implies lower average utilization, and increased available, but unusable, processing in the overall system. A solution for this problem is to extend the parallel execution of the applications, allowing networked nodes to distribute the workload, on peak situations, to neighbour nodes. In this context, this report proposes a framework to develop parallel and distributed real-time embedded applications, transparently using OpenMP and Message Passing Interface (MPI), within a programming model based on OpenMP. The technical report also devises an integrated timing model, which enables the structured reasoning on the timing behaviour of these hybrid architectures.

Compositional multiprocessor scheduling: the GMPR interface

Composition is a practice of key importance in software engineering. When real-time applications are composed, it is necessary that their timing properties (such as meeting the deadlines) are guaranteed. The composition is performed by establishing an interface between the application and the physical platform. Such an interface typically contains information about the amount of computing capacity needed by the application. For multiprocessor platforms, the interface should also present information about the degree of parallelism. Several interface proposals have recently been put forward in various research works. However, those interfaces are either too complex to be handled or too pessimistic. In this paper we propose the generalized multiprocessor periodic resource model (GMPR) that is strictly superior to the MPR model without requiring a too detailed description. We then derive a method to compute the interface from the application specification. This method has been implemented in Matlab routines that are publicly available.

A Real Time Vision System for Autonomous Systems: Characterization during a Middle Size Match

in RoboCup 2007: Robot Soccer World Cup XI

Desenvolvimento de uma aplicação móvel para apoio a pessoas com perturbações psicóticas

A presente dissertação tem como objectivo descrever o trabalho desenvolvido sobre o projecto iCOPE, uma plataforma dedicada ao auxilio do processo psicoterapêutico para pessoas com perturbações psicóticas. A sua concepção e motivada pela necessidade de fornecer um meio psicoterapêutico com base na portabilidade dos dispositivos móveis. O desenvolvimento foi conseguido através de uma colaboração multidisciplinar, orientada por especialistas de terapia ocupacional, e pela engenharia de software. O iCOPE é um sistema centralizado, no qual o progresso de um paciente é registado e monitorizado através de outra aplicação, por um terapeuta designado. Esta filosofia levou à criação de uma API baseada em REST, capaz de comunicar com uma base de dados. A construção da API concretizou-se com recurso a linguagem PHP, aliada a micro-framework Slim. O objectivo desta API passa não só pela necessidade de fornecer um sistema acessível, mas também com a ambição de conceber uma plataforma com um potencial escalável e expansível, para o caso de ser necessário implementar novas funcionalidades futuras (future-proof). O autor desta dissertação foi responsável pelo levantamento de requisitos, o desenvolvimento da aplicação móvel, o desenvolvimento colaborativo do modelo de dados e base de dados e da interface da API de comunicação. No fim do desenvolvimento foi feita uma apreciação funcional pelos utilizadores alvo, que realizaram uma avaliação sobre a utilização e integração da aplicação no seu tratamento. Face aos resultados obtidos foram tiradas conclusões sobre o futuro desenvolvimento da aplicação e que outros aspectos poderiam ser integrados para efectivamente chegar a mais pacientes.