Sistema de apoio à racionalização da utilização de energia eléctrica

Esta dissertação descreve o sistema de apoio à racionalização da utilização de energia eléctrica desenvolvido no âmbito da unidade curricular de Tese/Dissertação. O domínio de aplicação enquadra-se no contexto da Directiva da União Europeia 2006/32/EC que declara ser necessário colocar à disposição dos consumidores a informação e os meios que promovam a redução do consumo e o aumento da eficiência energética individual. O objectivo é o desenvolvimento de uma solução que permita a representação gráfica do consumo/produção, a definição de tectos de consumo, a geração automática de alertas e alarmes, a comparação anónima com clientes com perfil idêntico por região e a previsão de consumo/produção no caso de clientes industriais. Trata-se de um sistema distribuído composto por front-end e back-end. O front-end é composto pelas aplicações de interface com o utilizador desenvolvidas para dispositivos móveis Android e navegadores Web. O back-end efectua o armazenamento e processamento de informação e encontra-se alojado numa plataforma de cloud computing – o Google App Engine – que disponibiliza uma interface padrão do tipo serviço Web. Esta opção assegura interoperabilidade, escalabilidade e robustez ao sistema. Descreve-se em detalhe a concepção, desenvolvimento e teste do protótipo realizado, incluindo: (i) as funcionalidades de gestão e análise de consumo e produção de energia implementadas; (ii) as estruturas de dados; (iii) a base de dados e o serviço Web; e (iv) os testes e a depuração efectuados. (iv) Por fim, apresenta-se o balanço deste projecto e efectuam-se sugestões de melhoria.

Interfaces Cérebro-Computador Utilização do Emotiv EPOC para controlar software lúdico

Uma interface cérebro-computador (BCI) não é mais do que um dispositivo que lê e analisa ondas cerebrais e as converte em ações sobre um computador. Com a evolução das BCI e a possibilidade de acesso às mesmas por parte do público começou a ser possível o uso de BCIs para fins lúdicos. Nesse sentido nesta tese foi feito um estudo sobre interfaces cérebro-computador, o que são, que tipos de BCI existem, o seu uso para entretenimento, as suas limitações e o futuro deste tipo de interfaces. Foi ainda criado um software lúdico controlado por BCI (Emotiv EPOC) que é composto por um jogo tipo Pong e um reprodutor de música. O reprodutor de música através de BCI classifica e recomenda músicas ao utilizador. Com esta tese foi possível chegar à conclusão que é possível utilizar BCI para entretenimento (jogos e recomendação de conteúdos) apesar de se ter verificado que para jogos os dispositivos tradicionais de controlo (rato e teclado) ainda têm uma precisão muito superior.

Distributed Linear Precoding and User Selection in Coordinated Multicell Systems

In this manuscript we tackle the problem of semidistributed user selection with distributed linear precoding for sum rate maximization in multiuser multicell systems. A set of adjacent base stations (BS) form a cluster in order to perform coordinated transmission to cell-edge users, and coordination is carried out through a central processing unit (CU). However, the message exchange between BSs and the CU is limited to scheduling control signaling and no user data or channel state information (CSI) exchange is allowed. In the considered multicell coordinated approach, each BS has its own set of cell-edge users and transmits only to one intended user while interference to non-intended users at other BSs is suppressed by signal steering (precoding). We use two distributed linear precoding schemes, Distributed Zero Forcing (DZF) and Distributed Virtual Signalto-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (DVSINR). Considering multiple users per cell and the backhaul limitations, the BSs rely on local CSI to solve the user selection problem. First we investigate how the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) regime and the number of antennas at the BSs impact the effective channel gain (the magnitude of the channels after precoding) and its relationship with multiuser diversity. Considering that user selection must be based on the type of implemented precoding, we develop metrics of compatibility (estimations of the effective channel gains) that can be computed from local CSI at each BS and reported to the CU for scheduling decisions. Based on such metrics, we design user selection algorithms that can find a set of users that potentially maximizes the sum rate. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed metrics and algorithms for different configurations of users and antennas at the base stations.

Novel optical PVC probes for on-site detection/determination of fluoroquinolones in a solid/liquid interface: Application to the determination of Norfloxacin in aquaculture water

A novel optical disposable probe for screening fluoroquinolones in fish farming waters is presented, having Norfloxacin (NFX) as target compound. The colorimetric reaction takes place in the solid/liquid interface consisting of a plasticized PVC layer carrying the colorimetric reagent and the sample solution. NFX solutions dropped on top of this solid-sensory surface provided a colour change from light yellow to dark orange. Several metals were tested as colorimetric reagents and Fe(III) was selected. The main parameters affecting the obtained colour were assessed and optimised in both liquid and solid phases. The corresponding studies were conducted by visible spectrophotometry and digital image acquisition. The three coordinates of the HSL model system of the collected image (Hue, Saturation and Lightness) were obtained by simple image management (enabled in any computer). The analytical response of the optimised solid-state optical probe against concentration was tested for several mathematical transformations of the colour coordinates. Linear behaviour was observed for logarithm NFX concentration against Hue+Lightness. Under this condition, the sensor exhibited a limit of detection below 50 μM (corresponding to about 16 mg/mL). Visual inspection also enabled semi-quantitative information. The selectivity was ensured against drugs from other chemical groups than fluoroquinolones. Finally, similar procedure was used to prepare an array of sensors for NFX, consisting on different metal species. Cu(II), Mn(II) and aluminon were selected for this purpose. The sensor array was used to detect NFX in aquaculture water, without any prior sample manipulation.

A Visual Programming Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Home Applications

International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP 2015). 7 to 9, Apr, 2015. Singapure, Singapore.

Introducing numerical analysis tools in engineering: a Scilab user case in electronics course

Software tools in education became popular since the widespread of personal computers. Engineering courses lead the way in this development and these tools became almost a standard. Engineering graduates are familiar with numerical analysis tools but also with simulators (e.g. electronic circuits), computer assisted design tools and others, depending on the degree. One of the main problems with these tools is when and how to start use them so that they can be beneficial to students and not mere substitutes for potentially difficult calculations or design. In this paper a software tool to be used by first year students in electronics/electricity courses is presented. The growing acknowledgement and acceptance of open source software lead to the choice of an open source software tool – Scilab, which is a numerical analysis tool – to develop a toolbox. The toolbox was developed to be used as standalone or integrated in an e-learning platform. The e-learning platform used was Moodle. The first approach was to assess the mathematical skills necessary to solve all the problems related to electronics and electricity courses. Analysing the existing circuit simulators software tools, it is clear that even though they are very helpful by showing the end result they are not so effective in the process of the students studying and self learning since they show results but not intermediate steps which are crucial in problems that involve derivatives or integrals. Also, they are not very effective in obtaining graphical results that could be used to elaborate reports and for an overall better comprehension of the results. The developed tool was based on the numerical analysis software Scilab and is a toolbox that gives their users the opportunity to obtain the end results of a circuit analysis but also the expressions obtained when derivative and integrals calculations, plot signals, obtain vector diagrams, etc. The toolbox runs entirely in the Moodle web platform and provides the same results as the standalone application. The students can use the toolbox through the web platform (in computers where they don't have installation privileges) or in their personal computers by installing both the Scilab software and the toolbox. This approach was designed for first year students from all engineering degrees that have electronics/electricity courses in their curricula.

Innovations in technology: a friendly math project and the learning analytics “challenge”

Currently the world around us "reboots" every minute and “staying at the forefront” seems to be a very arduous task. The continuous and “speeded” progress of society requires, from all the actors, a dynamic and efficient attitude both in terms progress monitoring and moving adaptation. With regard to education, no matter how updated we are in relation to the contents, the didactic strategies and technological resources, we are inevitably compelled to adapt to new paradigms and rethink the traditional teaching methods. It is in this context that the contribution of e-learning platforms arises. Here teachers and students have at their disposal new ways to enhance the teaching and learning process, and these platforms are seen, at the present time, as significant virtual teaching and learning supporting environments. This paper presents a Project and attempts to illustrate the potential that new technologies present as a “backing” tool in different stages of teaching and learning at different levels and areas of knowledge, particularly in Mathematics. We intend to promote a constructive discussion moment, exposing our actual perception - that the use of the Learning Management System Moodle, by Higher Education teachers, as supplementary teaching-learning environment for virtual classroom sessions can contribute for greater efficiency and effectiveness of teaching practice and to improve student achievement. Regarding the Learning analytics experience we will present a few results obtained with some assessment Learning Analytics tools, where we profoundly felt that the assessment of students’ performance in online learning environments is a challenging and demanding task.

Aplicação de Internet of Things em casas inteligentes: Serviços de Rede

O foco principal no estudo da Internet of Things tem sido a integração de dispositivos digitais com o mundo físico e vice-versa. Os dispositivos inteligentes têm vindo a ganhar uma forte presença na nossa vida diária e cada vez mais, tendem a integrar o sistema de uma casa, automatizando processos comuns como o controlo de temperatura ambiente ou mesmo a percentagem de luminosidade de uma divisão. A visão da IoT contempla um mundo interconectado, recolhendo informações de forma automática e possibilitando a comunicação entre dispositivos. Contudo, as tecnologias existentes para a criação de redes que albergam estes novos dispositivos carecem de padrões bem definidos, dificultando a interoperabilidade entre as diversas soluções existentes. Neste projeto são estudadas e aplicadas as tecnologias mais promissoras aplicáveis ao paradigma Internet of Things, com o objetivo de encontrar um conjunto de protocolos padrão para a implementação de sistemas de automação em casas inteligentes.1 Como objetivo final deste projeto, pretende-se criar uma rede de dispositivos com capacidades sensoriais que tenham a capacidade de comunicar com o mundo externo, permitindo o acesso à rede por qualquer tipo de utilizador. Com isso, espera-se caminhar para mais perto da padronização dos protocolos inerentes à IoT e habilitar interoperabilidade entre as mais diversas soluções. São apresentados e utilizados os protocolos que mais se adaptam ao tema escolhido, tentando simplificar a rede para que esta possa ser incluída em qualquer ambiente doméstico, recorrendo a hardware de custo reduzido. Os protocolos apresentados são o 6LoWPAN, utilizando o protocolo IEEE 802.15.4 como interface de rede juntamente com endereçamento IPv6. É também utilizado o protocolo CoAP na troca de mensagens entre os dispositivos.

Partilha de Pontos de Interesse, Vídeos e Experiências Sensoriais Baseada no Contexto do Utilizador

A evolução tecnológica das últimas décadas na área das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) contribuiu para a proliferação de fontes de informação e de sistemas de partilha de recursos. As diversas redes sociais são um exemplo paradigmático de sistemas de partilha tanto de informação como de recursos (e.g. audiovisuais). Essa abundância crescente de recursos e fontes aumenta a importância de sistemas capazes de recomendar em tempo útil recursos personalizados, tendo por base o perfil e o contexto do utilizador. O objetivo deste projeto é partilhar e recomendar locais, artigos e vídeos em função do contexto do utilizador assim como proporcionar uma experiência mais rica de reprodução dos vídeos partilhados, simulando as condições de gravação dos vídeos. Este sistema teve como inspiração dois projetos anteriormente desenvolvidos de partilha e recomendação de locais, artigos e vídeos turísticos em função da localização do utilizador. O sistema desenvolvido consiste numa aplicação distribuída composta por um módulo cliente Android, que inclui a interface com o utilizador e o consumo direto de serviços externos de suporte, e um módulo servidor que controla o acesso à base de dados central e inclui o serviço de recomendação baseado no contexto do utilizador. A comunicação entre os módulos cliente e servidor utiliza um protocolo do nível de aplicação dedicado. As recomendações geradas pelo sistema têm por base o perfil de utilizador, informação contextual (posição do utilizador, data e hora atual e velocidade atual do utilizador) e podem ser geradas a pedido do utilizador ou automaticamente, caso sejam encontrados pontos de interesse de grande relevância para o utilizador. Os pontos de interesse recomendados são apresentados com recurso ao Google Maps, incluindo o período de funcionamento, artigos complementares e a reprodução imersiva dos vídeos relacionados. Essa imersão tem em consideração as condições meteorológicas, temporais e espaciais aquando da gravação do vídeo.

Myoelectric Signal Monitoring System

The Electromyography (EMG) is an important tool for gait analyzes and disorders diagnoses. Traditional methods involve equipment that can disturb the analyses, being gradually substituted by different approaches, like wearable and wireless systems. The cable replacement for autonomous systems demands for technologies capable of meeting the power constraints. This work presents the development of an EMG and kinematic data capture wireless module, designed taking into account power consumption issues. This module captures and converts the analog myoeletric signal to digital, synchronously with the capture of kinetic information. Both data are time multiplexed and sent to a PC via Bluetooth link. The work carried out comprised the development of the hardware, the firmware and a graphical interface running in an external PC. The hardware was developed using the PIC18F14K22, a low power family of microcontrollers. The link was established via Bluetooth, a protocol designed for low power communication. An application was also developed to recover and trace the signal to a Graphic User Interface (GUI), coordinating the message exchange with the firmware. Results were obtained which allowed validating the conceived system in static and with the subject performing short movements. Although it was not possible to perform the tests within more dynamic movements, it is shown that it is possible to capture, transmit and display the captured data as expected. Some suggestions to improve the system performance also were made.

A Methodology for Creating an Adapted Command Language for Driving an Intelligent Wheelchair

Intelligent wheelchairs (IW) are technologies that can increase the autonomy and independence of elderly people and patients suffering from some kind of disability. Nowadays the intelligent wheelchairs and the human-machine studies are very active research areas. This paper presents a methodology and a Data Analysis System (DAS) that provides an adapted command language to an user of the IW. This command language is a set of input sequences that can be created using inputs from an input device or a combination of the inputs available in a multimodal interface. The results show that there are statistical evidences to affirm that the mean of the evaluation of the DAS generated command language is higher than the mean of the evaluation of the command language recommended by the health specialist (p value = 0.002) with a sample of 11 cerebral palsy users. This work demonstrates that it is possible to adapt an intelligent wheelchair interface to the user even when the users present heterogeneous and severe physical constraints.

ezGo: A voice operated wheelchair with biosignal monitoring for home environments

In this paper we present ezGo, an electric powered wheelchair with a speech based interface and biosignal monitoring instrumentation. The user can use the voice, a natural communication method, for controlling the chair movement and obtain information about his health. Additionally a set of semi-autonomous modes with macro recording enable the execution of navigation tasks with little effort and improved precision. The main purpose of the system is to provide severely disabled persons with an assistive device that can improve their confidence and daily independence. The obtained results on usability tests showed that users consider ezGo a valuable help on their daily tasks and a very desirable addition to standard wheelchairs.

Speech as the basic interface for assistive technology

Speech interfaces for Assistive Technologies are not common and are usually replaced by others. The market they are targeting is not considered attractive and speech technologies are still not well spread. Industry still thinks they present some performance risks, especially Speech Recognition systems. As speech is the most elemental and natural way for communication, it has strong potential for enhancing inclusion and quality of life for broader groups of users with special needs, such as people with cerebral palsy and elderly staying at their homes. This work is a position paper in which the authors argue for the need to make speech become the basic interface in assistive technologies. Among the main arguments, we can state: speech is the easiest way to interact with machines; there is a growing market for embedded speech in assistive technologies, since the number of disabled and elderly people is expanding; speech technology is already mature to be used but needs adaptation to people with special needs; there is still a lot of R&D to be done in this area, especially when thinking about the Portuguese market. The main challenges are presented and future directions are proposed.

An automatic voice pleasantness classification system based on prosodic and acoustic patterns of voice preference

In the last few years the number of systems and devices that use voice based interaction has grown significantly. For a continued use of these systems the interface must be reliable and pleasant in order to provide an optimal user experience. However there are currently very few studies that try to evaluate how good is a voice when the application is a speech based interface. In this paper we present a new automatic voice pleasantness classification system based on prosodic and acoustic patterns of voice preference. Our study is based on a multi-language database composed by female voices. In the objective performance evaluation the system achieved a 7.3% error rate.

Sistema para avaliação das vibrações no braço e ombro de um tenista

Este trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de um módulo capaz de medir a intensidade das vibrações sofridas por um tenista no braço e ombro durante um jogo. Numa primeira fase foi estudada a biomecânica do braço humano e a biomecânica dos movimentos envolvidos no ténis. Foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre os dispositivos MEMs mais adequados bem como o hardware e software a utilizar, tendo sido analisados os requisitos do sistema a implementar. Foi desenvolvido um protótipo electrónico microcontrolado compacto e de baixo custo baseado na utilização de sensores microeletromecânicos (MEMs) de aceleração, permitindo obter informações biomecânicas do desportista e monitoriza-lo durante o treino de maneira não evasiva, possibilitando que ele esteja no seu ambiente natural de treino. O sistema envia as informações dos sensores para um PC através da porta USB sendo estas processados no mesmo. Foi desenvolvida uma interface gráfica intuitiva, para a apresentação dos dados resultantes das medidas, de fácil leitura pelos treinadores. Esta interface grava e apresenta os dados em tempo real. Os testes de campo foram realizados no campo de ténis que existe na Quinta das Freiras em Rio Tinto. O protótipo é de fácil fixação no atleta e permite a monitorização no local de treino sendo pequeno ((20x15mm) e muito leve (2g), tornando-se uma alternativa versátil para o auxilio de atletas e treinadores, aperfeiçoamento da técnica e como ferramenta de pesquisa na área de educação física.