Protein-responsive polymers for point-of-care detection of cardiac biomarker

This work describes a novel use for the polymeric film, poly(o-aminophenol) (PAP) that was made responsive to a specific protein. This was achieved through templated electropolymerization of aminophenol (AP) in the presence of protein. The procedure involved adsorbing protein on the electrode surface and thereafter electroploymerizing the aminophenol. Proteins embedded at the outer surface of the polymeric film were digested by proteinase K and then washed away thereby creating vacant sites. The capacity of the template film to specifically rebind protein was tested with myoglobin (Myo), a cardiac biomarker for ischemia. The films acted as biomimetic artificial antibodies and were produced on a gold (Au) screen printed electrode (SPE), as a step towards disposable sensors to enable point-of-care applications. Raman spectroscopy was used to follow the surface modification of the Au-SPE. The ability of the material to rebind Myo was measured by electrochemical techniques, namely electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The devices displayed linear responses to Myo in EIS and SWV assays down to 4.0 and 3.5 μg/mL, respectively, with detection limits of 1.5 and 0.8 μg/mL. Good selectivity was observed in the presence of troponin T (TnT) and creatine kinase (CKMB) in SWV assays, and accurate results were obtained in applications to spiked serum. The sensor described in this work is a potential tool for screening Myo in point-of-care due to the simplicity of fabrication, disposability, short time response, low cost, good sensitivity and selectivity.

Novel biosensing device for point-of-care applications with plastic antibodies grown on Au-Screen Printed Electrodes

A gold screen printed electrode (Au-SPE) was modified by merging Molecular Imprinting and Self-Assembly Monolayer techniques for fast screening cardiac biomarkers in point-of-care (POC). For this purpose, Myoglobin (Myo) was selected as target analyte and its plastic antibody imprinted over a glutaraldehyde (Glu)/cysteamine (Cys) layer on the gold-surface. The imprinting effect was produced by growing a reticulated polymer of acrylamide (AAM) and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (NNMBA) around the Myo template, covalently attached to the biosensing surface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies were carried out in all chemical modification steps to confirm the surface changes in the Au-SPE. The analytical features of the resulting biosensor were studied by different electrochemical techniques, including EIS, square wave voltammetry (SWV) and potentiometry. The limits of detection ranged from 0.13 to 8 μg/mL. Only potentiometry assays showed limits of detection including the cut-off Myo levels. Quantitative information was also produced for Myo concentrations ≥0.2 μg/mL. The linear response of the biosensing device showed an anionic slope of ~70 mV per decade molar concentration up to 0.3 μg/mL. The interference of coexisting species was tested and good selectivity was observed. The biosensor was successfully applied to biological fluids.

Numerical analysis of the initial conditions in fractional systems

Fractional dynamics is a growing topic in theoretical and experimental scientific research. A classical problem is the initialization required by fractional operators. While the problem is clear from the mathematical point of view, it constitutes a challenge in applied sciences. This paper addresses the problem of initialization and its effect upon dynamical system simulation when adopting numerical approximations. The results are compatible with system dynamics and clarify the formulation of adequate values for the initial conditions in numerical simulations.

Dynamic Analysis and Pattern Visualization of Forest Fires

This paper analyses forest fires in the perspective of dynamical systems. Forest fires exhibit complex correlations in size, space and time, revealing features often present in complex systems, such as the absence of a characteristic length-scale, or the emergence of long range correlations and persistent memory. This study addresses a public domain forest fires catalogue, containing information of events for Portugal, during the period from 1980 up to 2012. The data is analysed in an annual basis, modelling the occurrences as sequences of Dirac impulses with amplitude proportional to the burnt area. First, we consider mutual information to correlate annual patterns. We use visualization trees, generated by hierarchical clustering algorithms, in order to compare and to extract relationships among the data. Second, we adopt the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) visualization tool. MDS generates maps where each object corresponds to a point. Objects that are perceived to be similar to each other are placed on the map forming clusters. The results are analysed in order to extract relationships among the data and to identify forest fire patterns.

Pseudo Phase Plane and Fractional Calculus Modelling of Western Global Economic Downturn

This paper applies Pseudo Phase Plane (PPP) and Fractional Calculus (FC) mathematical tools for modeling world economies. A challenging global rivalry among the largest international economies began in the early 1970s, when the post-war prosperity declined. It went on, up to now. If some worrying threatens may exist actually in terms of possible ambitious military aggression, invasion, or hegemony, countries’ PPP relative positions can tell something on the current global peaceful equilibrium. A global political downturn of the USA on global hegemony in favor of Asian partners is possible, but can still be not accomplished in the next decades. If the 1973 oil chock has represented the beginning of a long-run recession, the PPP analysis of the last four decades (1972–2012) does not conclude for other partners’ global dominance (Russian, Brazil, Japan, and Germany) in reaching high degrees of similarity with the most developed world countries. The synergies of the proposed mathematical tools lead to a better understanding of the dynamics underlying world economies and point towards the estimation of future states based on the memory of each time series.

Numerical calculation of the left and right fractional derivatives

The calculation of fractional derivatives is an important topic in scientific research. While formal definitions are clear from the mathematical point of view, they pose limitations in applied sciences that have not been yet tackled. This paper addresses the problem of obtaining left and right side derivatives when adopting numerical approximations. The results reveal the relationship between the resulting distinct values for different fractional orders and types of signals.

Towards a Mobile Three-dimensional Modelling System for Underground Structures

Robotica 2012: 12th International Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions April 11, 2012, Guimarães, Portugal

Application of Visual-Inertial SLAM for 3D Mapping of Underground Environments

The underground scenarios are one of the most challenging environments for accurate and precise 3d mapping where hostile conditions like absence of Global Positioning Systems, extreme lighting variations and geometrically smooth surfaces may be expected. So far, the state-of-the-art methods in underground modelling remain restricted to environments in which pronounced geometric features are abundant. This limitation is a consequence of the scan matching algorithms used to solve the localization and registration problems. This paper contributes to the expansion of the modelling capabilities to structures characterized by uniform geometry and smooth surfaces, as is the case of road and train tunnels. To achieve that, we combine some state of the art techniques from mobile robotics, and propose a method for 6DOF platform positioning in such scenarios, that is latter used for the environment modelling. A visual monocular Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (MonoSLAM) approach based on the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), complemented by the introduction of inertial measurements in the prediction step, allows our system to localize himself over long distances, using exclusively sensors carried on board a mobile platform. By feeding the Extended Kalman Filter with inertial data we were able to overcome the major problem related with MonoSLAM implementations, known as scale factor ambiguity. Despite extreme lighting variations, reliable visual features were extracted through the SIFT algorithm, and inserted directly in the EKF mechanism according to the Inverse Depth Parametrization. Through the 1-Point RANSAC (Random Sample Consensus) wrong frame-to-frame feature matches were rejected. The developed method was tested based on a dataset acquired inside a road tunnel and the navigation results compared with a ground truth obtained by post-processing a high grade Inertial Navigation System and L1/L2 RTK-GPS measurements acquired outside the tunnel. Results from the localization strategy are presented and analyzed.

Water jet based autonomous surface vehicle for coastal waters operations

This paper presents the design of low cost, small autonomous surface vehicle for missions in the coastal waters and specifically for the challenging surf zone. The main objective of the vehicle design described in this paper is to address both the capability of operation at sea in relative challenging conditions and maintain a very low set of operational requirements (ease of deployment). This vehicle provides a first step towards being able to perform general purpose missions (such as data gathering or patrolling) and to at least in a relatively short distances to be able to be used in rescue operations (with very low handling requirements) such as carrying support to humans on the water. The USV is based on a commercially available fiber glass hull, it uses a directional waterjet powered by an electrical brushless motor for propulsion, thus without any protruding propeller reducing danger in rescue operations. Its small dimensions (1.5 m length) and weight allow versatility and ease of deployment. The vehicle design is described in this paper both from a hardware and software point of view. A characterization of the vehicle in terms of energy consumption and performance is provided both from test tank and operational scenario tests. An example application in search and rescue is also presented and discussed with the integration of this vehicle in the European ICARUS (7th framework) research project addressing the development and integration of robotic tools for large scale search and rescue operations.

Contributos de um jogo tipo peddy paper na motivação de alunos para aprendizagens do tema sol-terra-vida

Este estudo tem como objetivo principal conhecer, analisar e refletir sobre as conceções e as práticas de sala de aula, relativamente à importância dos jogos como ferramenta motivadora para a aprendizagem de novos conteúdos. Numa primeira parte deste documento, é feita uma abordagem teórica sobre as questões que levaram à realização deste projeto. Numa segunda parte apresenta-se o estudo empírico que inclui a recolha do testemunho de alunos que realizaram as atividades propostas, bem como as suas expetativas acerca do uso do jogo na sala de aula. Foi utilizado o processo metodológico de investigação – ação. A recolha de dados baseouse em: observação direta, narrativa descritiva de toda a aula baseada nas Narrações Multimodais; questionário de resposta aberta e registos fotográficos, sobre os quais faremos uma análise qualitativa. Nas partes seguintes deste documento apresenta-se a análise de dades, que foi de natureza qualitativa, as conclusões e as limitações.

Desenvolvimento de sensores colorimétricos para despiste de antibióticos

introdução de drogas que assegurem o crescimento e a preservação das espécies, mas que eventualmente se espalham para o meio aquático envolvente, promovendo alterações da biodiversidade e entrar, directamente ou indirectamente, na cadeia alimentar. Quando estas drogas são agentes antimicrobianos de uso humano, tais como a amoxicilina, tetraciclina ou sulfonamidas, há um alto risco de aparecimento de espécies bacterianas resistentes, algo que constitui uma ameaça grave para a saúde pública. Esta introdução de agentes antimicrobianos no ambiente aquático através do sector das pescas pode ser reduzida através da monitorização regular ou contínua dos níveis de antibióticos no sistema de água, durante a execução, bem como antes da descarga para o meio aquático. Para isso, é necessário métodos analíticos que permitam uma frequência analítica elevada e continua, nos tanques de cultivos dos peixes. O presente trabalho descreve para este efeito, um sensor constituído por papel quimicamente modificado por reações em monocamadas, assumindo uma coloração típica após contacto com o antibiótico . A intensidade da coloração estava relacionada com a concentração desse antibiótico. A modificação do papel foi baseada na alteração química das unidades de glucose do papel por meio de uma reação covalente com reagentes apropriados. De seguida, criou-se uma camada de quitosano sobre o papel modificado onde se adsorveu a espécie metálica capaz de mudar de cor na presença de sulfadiazina. As modificações resultantes foram avaliadas em relação a vários parâmetros, com o intuito de provocar uma variação de cor intensa face à concentração de antibiótico. Os sensores preparados foram caracterizados do ponto de vista do seu desempenho analítico, efetuou-se a construção de uma gama de concentração que permitiu obter uma resposta previsível e transversal em relação a outros antibióticos, bem como a identificação de uma relação linear entre concentração e coordenadas de cor e a aplicação de sensores em amostra de água ambiental dopados com antibiótico. Generalizando, foi possível estabelecer um processo de modificação simples de papel capaz de medir a presença e quantidade de sulfadiazina

Exportação e impacto nos resultados: o caso de um grupo de empresas portuguesas

Com a crescente preocupação em dinamizar as exportações e potenciar os seus efeitos na economia, muitos trabalhos têm tentado encontrar fatores potenciadores do sucesso das empresas no mercado internacional (dimensão, produtividade pré exportadora, idade, fase do ciclo de produção, relacionamento prévio com o exterior, etc.). Temas como a seleção natural do mercado e a aprendizagem pela exportação, são transversais e incontornáveis nos trabalhos empíricos que abordam o estudo das exportações ao nível das empresas. No entanto, não nos devemos esquecer que uma das principais motivações das empresas, é a maximização do lucro. Com efeito, uma nova onda de trabalhos tem-se voltado para a o impacto que as exportações têm sobre a rentabilidade das empresas. Utilizando um modelo de efeitos fixos com dados em painel, aplicado a uma base de dados de empresas portuguesas, com espetro temporal entre 2008 e 2012, este trabalho encontra evidências e que as exportações são um fraco potenciador da rentabilidade das empresas. Do ponto de vista da organização do presente trabalho, no primeiro capítulo será apresentada uma breve revisão de literatura enquadradora do tema; no segundo capítulo será apresentada a base de dados, tratamento e a abordagem econométrica; por último será apresentada uma conclusão, com os resultados principais do trabalho e com algumas questões que poderão ser abordadas no futuro.