DNA-based biosensor for the electrocatalytic determination of antioxidant capacity in beverages

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as a consequence of normal aerobic metabolism and are able to induce DNA oxidative damage. At the cellular level, the evaluation of the protective effect of antioxidants can be achieved by examining the integrity of the DNA nucleobases using electrochemical techniques. Herein, the use of an adenine-rich oligonucleotide (dA21) adsorbed on carbon paste electrodes for the assessment of the antioxidant capacity is proposed. The method was based on the partial damage of a DNA layer adsorbed on the electrode surface by OH• radicals generated by Fenton reaction and the subsequent electrochemical oxidation of the intact adenine bases to generate an oxidation product that was able to catalyze the oxidation of NADH. The presence of antioxidant compounds scavenged hydroxyl radicals leaving more adenines unoxidized, and thus, increasing the electrocatalytic current of NADHmeasured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Using ascorbic acid (AA) as a model antioxidant species, the detection of as low as 50nMof AA in aqueous solution was possible. The protection efficiency was evaluated for several antioxidant compounds. The biosensor was applied to the determination of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in beverages.

Control and comparison of the antioxidant capacity of beers

The purpose of the present work is to determine the antioxidant capacity (AC) of 27 commercial beers. The AC indicates the degree of protection of a certain organism against oxidative damage provoked by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Assays were carried out by the following methods: (i) total radical trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP); (ii) trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC); (iii) trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (DPPH); (iv) ferric-ion reducing antioxidant parameter (FRAP); (v) cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC); (vi) oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Ascorbic acid (AA), gallic acid (GA) and trolox (TR) were used as standards. All beers showed antioxidant power, but a wide range of ACs was observed. The effect of several factors upon these differences was studied. Statistical differences were found between ACs of beers of different colours. ORAC method provided always higher experimental ACs, of significant statistical differences to other assays.

Characterizations of power indices based on null player free winning coalitions

In this paper, we characterize two power indices introduced in [1] using two different modifications of the monotonicity property first stated by [2]. The sets of properties are easily comparable among them and with previous characterizations of other power indices.

Fractional model for malaria transmission under control strategies

We study a fractional model for malaria transmission under control strategies.Weconsider the integer order model proposed by Chiyaka et al. (2008) in [15] and modify it to become a fractional order model. We study numerically the model for variation of the values of the fractional derivative and of the parameter that models personal protection, b. From observation of the figures we conclude that as b is increased from 0 to 1 there is a corresponding decrease in the number of infectious humans and infectious mosquitoes, for all values of α. This means that this result is invariant for variation of fractional derivative, in the values tested. These results are in agreement with those obtained in Chiyaka et al.(2008) [15] for α = 1.0 and suggest that our fractional model is epidemiologically wellposed.

Power law and entropy analysis of catastrophic phenomena

Catastrophic events, such as wars and terrorist attacks, tornadoes and hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods and landslides, are always accompanied by a large number of casualties. The size distribution of these casualties has separately been shown to follow approximate power law (PL) distributions. In this paper, we analyze the statistical distributions of the number of victims of catastrophic phenomena, in particular, terrorism, and find double PL behavior. This means that the data sets are better approximated by two PLs instead of a single one. We plot the PL parameters, corresponding to several events, and observe an interesting pattern in the charts, where the lines that connect each pair of points defining the double PLs are almost parallel to each other. A complementary data analysis is performed by means of the computation of the entropy. The results reveal relationships hidden in the data that may trigger a future comprehensive explanation of this type of phenomena.

A new MILP based approach for unit commitment in power production planning

This paper presents a complete, quadratic programming formulation of the standard thermal unit commitment problem in power generation planning, together with a novel iterative optimisation algorithm for its solution. The algorithm, based on a mixed-integer formulation of the problem, considers piecewise linear approximations of the quadratic fuel cost function that are dynamically updated in an iterative way, converging to the optimum; this avoids the requirement of resorting to quadratic programming, making the solution process much quicker. From extensive computational tests on a broad set of benchmark instances of this problem, the algorithm was found to be flexible and capable of easily incorporating different problem constraints. Indeed, it is able to tackle ramp constraints, which although very important in practice were rarely considered in previous publications. Most importantly, optimal solutions were obtained for several well-known benchmark instances, including instances of practical relevance, that are not yet known to have been solved to optimality. Computational experiments and their results showed that the method proposed is both simple and extremely effective.

Levantamento, reparação e beneficiação do simulador TERCO PST 2200 do Laboratório de Sistemas de Energia do ISEP

Este trabalho é baseado no simulador de redes PST2200 do Laboratório de Sistemas de Energia (LSE) pois está avariado com vários problemas conhecidos, designadamente: - Defeito de isolamento (disparo de diferencial), - Desregulação da velocidade da máquina primária (motor DC), - Circuito de excitação da máquina síncrona inoperacional, - Inexistência de esquemas elétricos dos circuitos do simulador, - Medidas desreguladas e com canais de medida com circuito impresso queimado. O trabalho executado foi: - O levantamento e desenho de raiz (não existe qualquer manual) dos esquemas dos 10 módulos do simulador, designadamente naqueles com avaria ou com desempenho problemático a fim de que se possa ter uma visão mais pormenorizada dos circuitos e seus problemas, por forma a intervir para os minimizar e resolver, - Foi realizado o diagnóstico de avaria do simulador e foram propostas soluções para os mesmos, - Realizaram-se as intervenções propostas e aprovadas. Nas intervenções realizadas, os princípios orientadores foram: - Aumentar a robustez do equipamento por forma a garantir a sua integridade a utilizações menos apropriados e manobras 'exóticas' próprias de alunos, que pela sua condição, estão em fase de aprendizagem, - Atualizar o equipamento, colocando-o em sintonia com o 'estado da arte', - Como fator de valorização suplementar, foi concebida e aplicada a supervisão remota do funcionamento do simulador através da rede informática. Foram detetados inúmeros erros: - Má ligação do motor de corrente continua ao variador, resultando a falta de controlo da frequência da rede do sistema, - Ligações entre painéis trocadas resultando em avarias diversas das fontes de alimentação, - Cartas eletrónicas de medidas avariadas e que além de se reparar, foram também calibradas. Devido ao mecenato da empresa Schnitt + Sohn participando monetariamente, fez-se o projeto de alteração e respetiva execução de grande parte do simulador aumentando a fiabilidade do mesmo, diminuindo assim a frequência das avarias naturais mais as que acontecem involuntariamente devido a este ser um instrumento didático. Além do trabalho elétrico, foi feito muito trabalho de chaparia para alteração de estrutura e suporte do material com diferenças de posicionamento. Neste trabalho dá-se também alguns exemplos de cálculo e simulação das redes de transporte que se pode efetuar no simulador como estudo e simulação de avarias num sistema produtivo real. Realizou-se a monitorização de dois aparelhos indicadores de parâmetros de energia (Janitza UMG96S) através duma rede com dois protocolos ethernet e profibus utilizando o plc (Omron CJ2M) como valorização do trabalho.

Demand response management in power systems using a particle swarm optimization approach

Competitive electricity markets have arisen as a result of power-sector restructuration and power-system deregulation. The players participating in competitive electricity markets must define strategies and make decisions using all the available information and business opportunities.

Controllability results for impulsive mixed type functional integro-differential evolution equations with nonlocal conditions

In this paper, we establish the controllability for a class of abstract impulsive mixed-type functional integro-differential equations with finite delay in a Banach space. Some sufficient conditions for controllability are obtained by using the Mönch fixed point theorem via measures of noncompactness and semigroup theory. Particularly, we do not assume the compactness of the evolution system. An example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.

Combined mutation differential evolution to solve systems of nonlinear equations

This paper presents a differential evolution heuristic to compute a solution of a system of nonlinear equations through the global optimization of an appropriate merit function. Three different mutation strategies are combined to generate mutant points. Preliminary numerical results show the effectiveness of the presented heuristic.

Characterizing the timing behaviour of power-line communication by means of simulation

Although power-line communication (PLC) is not a new technology, its use to support communication with timing requirements is still the focus of ongoing research. Recently, a new infrastructure was presented, intended for communication using power lines from a central location to geographically dispersed nodes using inexpensive devices. This new infrastructure uses a two-level hierarchical power-line system, together with an IP-based network. Within this infrastructure, in order to provide end-toend communication through the two levels of the powerline system, it is necessary to fully understand the behaviour of the underlying network layers. The masterslave behaviour of the PLC MAC, together with the inherent dynamic topology of power-line networks are important issues that must be fully characterised. Therefore, in this paper we present a simulation model which is being used to study and characterise the behaviour of power-line communication.

A power line communication stack for metering, SCADA and large-scale domotic applications

This paper describes the communication stack of the REMPLI system: a structure using power-lines and IPbased networks for communication, for data acquisition and control of energy distribution and consumption. It is furthermore prepared to use alternative communication media like GSM or analog modem connections. The REMPLI system provides communication service for existing applications, namely automated meter reading, energy billing and domotic applications. The communication stack, consisting of physical, network, transport, and application layer is described as well as the communication services provided by the system. We show how the peculiarities of the power-line communication influence the design of the communication stack, by introducing requirements to efficiently use the limited bandwidth, optimize traffic and implement fair use of the communication medium for the extensive communication partners.

Power Over Ethernet – a solução de vanguarda nas comunicações baseadas em IP

Mal sabia o Italiano Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci na segunda metade do século XIX (1870-1876), que a sua invenção iria alcançar um êxito sem precedente e que mudaria por completo o estilo de vida das gerações vindouras: o “Telettrofono” (telégrafo falante). Porém, e por necessidade, acabou por vender o protótipo e seus respetivos direitos, a Alexander Graham Bell, o qual ficou historicamente conhecido como o inventor do telefone. Com efeito, o telefone quase que dispensa apresentação. É um dispositivo de telecomunicações que entrou paulatinamente nas vidas das pessoas, seja no lazer, no exercícios das suas profissões, em situações de emergência, em teatro de guerra, num infindável número de situações, e que foi simplesmente planeado para transmitir sons por meio de sinais elétricos em condutores próprios para o efeito (vias telefónicas). Por definição, é um aparelho eletroacústico que permite a transformação, no ponto emissor, de energia acústica em energia elétrica e, no ponto recetor, a transformação da energia elétrica em acústica, permitindo assim a troca de informações (falada e ouvida) entre dois ou mais assinantes. Ora, a ideia de Power over Ethernet (PoE) teve, forçosamente, seu marco nos finais do século XIX, quando Alexander Bell (“Bell Telephone Company”) teve de refletir/decidir se o telefone a instalar em cada residência, seria alimentado localmente por uma bateria (fonte de energia local), ou se deveria alimentar cada dispositivo telefónico remotamente através de fios condutores. Esta é a noção de Power over Ethernet na sua vanguarda de aplicação no início do século XXI, e objeto de uma breve apresentação, à qual o convido à leitura das restantes secções.

Device power management for real-time embedded systems

A large part of power dissipation in a system is generated by I/O devices. Increasingly these devices provide power saving mechanisms to inter alia enhance battery life. While I/O device scheduling has been studied in the past for realtime systems, the use of energy resources by these scheduling algorithms may be improved. These approaches are crafted considering a huge overhead of device transition. The technology enhancement has allowed the hardware vendors to reduce the device transition overhead and energy consumption. We propose an intra-task device scheduling algorithm for real time systems that allows to shut-down devices while ensuring the system schedulability. Our results show an energy gain of up to 90% in the best case when compared to the state-of-the-art.

SPARTS: simulator for power aware and real-time systems

Real-time systems demand guaranteed and predictable run-time behaviour in order to ensure that no task has missed its deadline. Over the years we are witnessing an ever increasing demand for functionality enhancements in the embedded real-time systems. Along with the functionalities, the design itself grows more complex. Posed constraints, such as energy consumption, time, and space bounds, also require attention and proper handling. Additionally, efficient scheduling algorithms, as proven through analyses and simulations, often impose requirements that have significant run-time cost, specially in the context of multi-core systems. In order to further investigate the behaviour of such systems to quantify and compare these overheads involved, we have developed the SPARTS, a simulator of a generic embedded real- time device. The tasks in the simulator are described by externally visible parameters (e.g. minimum inter-arrival, sporadicity, WCET, BCET, etc.), rather than the code of the tasks. While our current implementation is primarily focused on our immediate needs in the area of power-aware scheduling, it is designed to be extensible to accommodate different task properties, scheduling algorithms and/or hardware models for the application in wide variety of simulations. The source code of the SPARTS is available for download at [1].