A Clinical Support System Based on Quality of Life Estimation

Quality of life is a concept influenced by social, economic, psychological, spiritual or medical state factors. More specifically, the perceived quality of an individual's daily life is an assessment of their well-being or lack of it. In this context, information technologies may help on the management of services for healthcare of chronic patients such as estimating the patient quality of life and helping the medical staff to take appropriate measures to increase each patient quality of life. This paper describes a Quality of Life estimation system developed using information technologies and the application of data mining algorithms to access the information of clinical data of patients with cancer from Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck services of an oncology institution. The system was evaluated with a sample composed of 3013 patients. The results achieved show that there are variables that may be significant predictors for the Quality of Life of the patient: years of smoking (p value 0.049) and size of the tumor (p value < 0.001). In order to assign the variables to the classification of the quality of life the best accuracy was obtained by applying the John Platt's sequential minimal optimization algorithm for training a support vector classifier. In conclusion data mining techniques allow having access to patients additional information helping the physicians to be able to know the quality of life and produce a well-informed clinical decision.

Cohesive law estimation of adhesive joints in mode II condition

The adhesive bonding technique enables both weight and complexity reduction in structures that require some joining technique to be used on account of fabrication/component shape issues. Because of this, adhesive bonding is also one of the main repair methods for metal and composite structures by the strap and scarf configurations. The availability of strength prediction techniques for adhesive joints is essential for their generalized application and it can rely on different approaches, such as mechanics of materials, conventional fracture mechanics or damage mechanics. These two last techniques depend on the measurement of the fracture toughness (GC) of materials. Within the framework of damage mechanics, a valid option is the use of Cohesive Zone Modelling (CZM) coupled with Finite Element (FE) analyses. In this work, CZM laws for adhesive joints considering three adhesives with varying ductility were estimated. The End-Notched Flexure (ENF) test geometry was selected based on overall test simplicity and results accuracy. The adhesives Araldite® AV138, Araldite® 2015 and Sikaforce® 7752 were studied between high-strength aluminium adherends. Estimation of the CZM laws was carried out by an inverse methodology based on a curve fitting procedure, which enabled a precise estimation of the adhesive joints’ behaviour. The work allowed to conclude that a unique set of shear fracture toughness (GIIC) and shear cohesive strength (ts0) exists for each specimen that accurately reproduces the adhesive layer’ behaviour. With this information, the accurate strength prediction of adhesive joints in shear is made possible by CZM.

Longshore Transport Estimation on Ofir Beach in Northwest Portugal: Sand-Tracer Experiment

This work aims to shed some light on longshore sediment transport (LST) in the highly energetic northwest coast of Portugal. Data achieved through a sand-tracer experiment are compared with data obtained from the original and the new re-evaluated longshore sediment transport formulas (USACE Waterways Experiment Station’s Coastal Engineering and Research Center, Kamphuis, and Bayram bulk formulas) to assess their performance. The field experiment with dyed sand was held at Ofir Beach during one tidal cycle under medium wave-energy conditions. Local hydrodynamic conditions and beach topography were recorded. The tracer was driven southward in response to the local swell and wind- and wave-induced currents (Hsb=0.75mHsb=0.75m, Tp=11.5sTp=11.5s, θb=8−12°θb=8−12°). The LST was estimated by using a linear sediment transport flux approach. The obtained value (2.3×10−3m3⋅s−12.3×10−3m3⋅s−1) approached the estimation provided by the original Bayram formula (2.5×10−3m3⋅s−12.5×10−3m3⋅s−1). The other formulas overestimated the transport, but the estimations resulting from the new re-evaluated formulas also yield approximate results. Therefore, the results of this work indicated that the Bayram formula may give satisfactory results for predicting the longshore sediment transport on Ofir Beach.

Adaptive modeling and high quality spectral estimation for speech enhancement

In this work an adaptive modeling and spectral estimation scheme based on a dual Discrete Kalman Filtering (DKF) is proposed for speech enhancement. Both speech and noise signals are modeled by an autoregressive structure which provides an underlying time frame dependency and improves time-frequency resolution. The model parameters are arranged to obtain a combined state-space model and are also used to calculate instantaneous power spectral density estimates. The speech enhancement is performed by a dual discrete Kalman filter that simultaneously gives estimates for the models and the signals. This approach is particularly useful as a pre-processing module for parametric based speech recognition systems that rely on spectral time dependent models. The system performance has been evaluated by a set of human listeners and by spectral distances. In both cases the use of this pre-processing module has led to improved results.

Software development for estimation of optical clearing agent’s diffusion coefficients in biological tissues

The study of chemical diffusion in biological tissues is a research field of high importance and with application in many clinical, research and industrial areas. The evaluation of diffusion and viscosity properties of chemicals in tissues is necessary to characterize treatments or inclusion of preservatives in tissues or organs for low temperature conservation. Recently, we have demonstrated experimentally that the diffusion properties and dynamic viscosity of sugars and alcohols can be evaluated from optical measurements. Our studies were performed in skeletal muscle, but our results have revealed that the same methodology can be used with other tissues and different chemicals. Considering the significant number of studies that can be made with this method, it becomes necessary to turn data processing and calculation easier. With this objective, we have developed a software application that integrates all processing and calculations, turning the researcher work easier and faster. Using the same experimental data that previously was used to estimate the diffusion and viscosity of glucose in skeletal muscle, we have repeated the calculations with the new application. Comparing between the results obtained with the new application and with previous independent routines we have demonstrated great similarity and consequently validated the application. This new tool is now available to be used in similar research to obtain the diffusion properties of other chemicals in different tissues or organs.

Proposta de solução de videovigilância para locais remotos

Desde tempos remotos que homens faziam a vigilância de bens e mercadorias e mais recentemente também de pessoas com o intuito de dissuadir roubos, atos de vandalismo e de violência. Nos últimos anos, com a evolução das novas tecnologias verificou-se a sua adoção para auxílio da vigilância. Os atos de terrorismo que têm acontecido um pouco por todo o mundo trouxeram um clima de insegurança à população mundial. Este fenómeno, juntamente com o elevado número de roubos e atos de violência levou à expansão de utilização dos meios de videovigilância de forma a dissuadir estes tipos de crime podendo mesmo, nalguns casos servir como prova para punir os autores dos mesmos. Em Portugal tem-se verificado uma escalada de crimes nas zonas mais rurais não só de bens como as alfaias agrícolas mas também de frutos e mesmo de animais. Estes crimes predominam em locais rurais, relativamente distantes das povoações e em locais onde não existem (ou são praticamente inexistentes) infraestruturas necessárias para implementar meios de videovigilância como a falta de rede elétrica e internet o que torna quase inviável a existência de sistemas de videovigilância nesses locais. Dotar esses locais das infra estruturas necessárias poderia tornar-se demasiado dispendioso e os vigilantes humanos poderiam correr riscos no meio dos montes ou noutros locais remotos para além dos seus elevados custos. Para além do problema dos roubos, existe um outro flagelo relacionado com os incêndios na floresta portuguesa, que todos os anos é dizimada pelo fogo devido a incêndios que surgem na sua maioria causados pelo homem sendo uma parte significativa os de origem criminosa. Para dar resposta a estes problemas e no sentido de vigiar e dissuadir estes tipos de crimes, iniciamos um estudo que pretende propor um protótipo de um sistema de videovigilância para locais remotos (SVR - Sistema de Videovigilância Remota) de baixo custo de forma a diminuir o número de crimes e assim minimizar os prejuízos económico e sociais causados pelos mesmos. Pretendemos estudar o problema e analisar tecnologias com potencial para propor uma solução que possa auxiliar a vigilância nesse tipo de locais com o pressuposto de poder vir a contribuir para a diminuição deste tipo de crimes devido ao seu efeito dissuasor pelo facto de se poder divulgar que estes locais já têm uma solução de vigilância oculta. A solução proposta contempla um sistema de videovigilância com uma camara construída com base num Raspberry Pi onde o vídeo é transmitido em streaming via Web através de comunicações móveis. A alimentação do sistema nestes espaços sem energia elétrica é feita através de um painel fotovoltaico. É proporcionado ao utilizador uma interface para visualizar o vídeo transmitido e um mecanismo de notificações por email. É ainda possível a visualização de imagens gravadas num cartão de memória relativas a ocorrências de deteção de movimentos. Foram realizados inúmeros testes ao protótipo SVR sendo os resultados obtidos aqui descritos.