Responses of the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata to long-term exposure to metal stress

The green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata has been widely used in ecological risk assessment, usually based on the impact of the toxicants in the alga growth. However, the physiological causes that lead algal growth inhibition are not completely understood. This work aimed to evaluate the biochemical and structural modifications in P. subcapitata after exposure, for 72 h, to three nominal concentrations of Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Zn(II), corresponding approximately to 72 h-EC10 and 72 h-EC50 values and a high concentration (above 72 h-EC90 values). The incubation of algal cells with the highest concentration of Cd(II), Cr(VI) or Cu(II) resulted in a loss of membrane integrity of ~16, 38 and 55%, respectively. For all metals tested, an inhibition of esterase activity, in a dose-dependent manner, was observed. Reduction of chlorophyll a content, decrease of maximum quantum yield of photosystem II and modification of mitochondrial membrane potential was also verified. In conclusion, the exposure of P. subcapitata to metals resulted in a perturbation of the cell physiological status. Principal component analysis revealed that the impairment of esterase activity combined with the reduction of chlorophyll a content were related with the inhibition of growth caused by a prolonged exposure to the heavy metals.

Using neural networks and support vector regression to relate marchetti dilatometer test parameters and maximum shear modulus

In the last two decades, small strain shear modulus became one of the most important geotechnical parameters to characterize soil stiffness. Finite element analysis have shown that in-situ stiffness of soils and rocks is much higher than what was previously thought and that stress-strain behaviour of these materials is non-linear in most cases with small strain levels, especially in the ground around retaining walls, foundations and tunnels, typically in the order of 10−2 to 10−4 of strain. Although the best approach to estimate shear modulus seems to be based in measuring seismic wave velocities, deriving the parameter through correlations with in-situ tests is usually considered very useful for design practice.The use of Neural Networks for modeling systems has been widespread, in particular within areas where the great amount of available data and the complexity of the systems keeps the problem very unfriendly to treat following traditional data analysis methodologies. In this work, the use of Neural Networks and Support Vector Regression is proposed to estimate small strain shear modulus for sedimentary soils from the basic or intermediate parameters derived from Marchetti Dilatometer Test. The results are discussed and compared with some of the most common available methodologies for this evaluation.

Using neural networks and support vector regression to relate marchetti dilatometer test parameters and maximum shear modulus

In the last two decades, small strain shear modulus became one of the most important geotechnical parameters to characterize soil stiffness. Finite element analysis have shown that in-situ stiffness of soils and rocks is much higher than what was previously thought and that stress-strain behaviour of these materials is non-linear in most cases with small strain levels, especially in the ground around retaining walls, foundations and tunnels, typically in the order of 10−2 to 10−4 of strain. Although the best approach to estimate shear modulus seems to be based in measuring seismic wave velocities, deriving the parameter through correlations with in-situ tests is usually considered very useful for design practice.The use of Neural Networks for modeling systems has been widespread, in particular within areas where the great amount of available data and the complexity of the systems keeps the problem very unfriendly to treat following traditional data analysis methodologies. In this work, the use of Neural Networks and Support Vector Regression is proposed to estimate small strain shear modulus for sedimentary soils from the basic or intermediate parameters derived from Marchetti Dilatometer Test. The results are discussed and compared with some of the most common available methodologies for this evaluation.

Projeto da estrutura e sistema de movimentação robotizado de linha automática de corte de chapa

Os robots de movimentação de chapa são bastantes úteis para as empresas de metalomecânica. De facto, cada vez mais existem máquinas de corte por jato de água, laser ou outros processos, nos quais os robots apresentam um papel importante na carga e descarga do material. O trabalho realizado apresenta novas soluções aos sistemas de movimentação existentes no mercado, e permite reduzir os custos na movimentação do material. Este projeto serve essencialmente para chapas em trajetória retilínea, e efetuar o seu levantamento do equipamento e deposição em estrutura de suporte (ou viceversa). A vantagem a ter em conta é a diminuição dos custos de movimentação do material. Neste trabalho apresentou-se a metodologia de dimensionamento de um robot automatizado que transporta chapas com um peso máximo de 3500 kg, tendo por base as normas do EC3-P1.8 e o Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF). No decurso do projeto foram abordadas os seguintes temas: Abordagem inicial da geometria através do Solidworks; Dimensionamento da estrutura por software de Elementos Finitos, o Solidworks; Dimensionamento das correntes, carretos/discos ou coroas e rolamentos; Dimensionamento e seleção dos moto-redutores, bomba de vácuo e ventosas; Cálculo das solicitações em cada membro da estrutura por software de análise estrutural, o Multiframe3D, e respetivo dimensionamento das ligações aparafusadas e soldadas; Elaboração dos desenhos de projeto finais, processos de fabrico e custos; Dimensionamento do acionamento, MG e disposição dos dispositivos no quadro elétrico. Como conclusão refere-se que se conseguiu realizar o projeto e obter uma solução final otimizada, com a ajuda de ferramentas importantes, como sejam o MEF, resultando num equipamento cujas solicitações para a estrutura e sistema de movimentação foram otimizadas, resultando num equipamento eficiente, robusto, seguro e de custo reduzido.