Subacute effects of the thiodicarb pesticide on target organs of male wistar rats: biochemical, histological, and flow cytometry studies

Thiodicarb, a carbamate pesticide widely used on crops, may pose several environmental and health concerns. This study aimed to explore its toxicological profile on male rats using hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and flow cytometry markers. Exposed animals were dosed daily at 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg/body weight (group A, B, and C, respectively) during 30 d. No significant changes were observed in hematological parameters among all groups. After 10 d, a decrease of total cholesterol levels was noted in rats exposed to 40 mg/kg. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity increased (group A at 20 d; groups A and B at 30 d) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (group B at 30 d) activity significantly reduced. At 30 d a decrease of some of the other evaluated parameters was observed with total cholesterol and urea levels in group A as well as total protein and creatinine levels in groups A and B. Histological results demonstrated multi-organ dose-related damage in thiodicarb-exposed animals, evidenced as hemorrhagic and diffuse vacuolation in hepatic tissue; renal histology showed disorganized glomeruli and tubular cell degeneration; spleen was ruptured with white pulp and clusters of iron deposits within red pulp; significant cellular loss was noted at the cortex of thymus; and degenerative changes were observed within testis. The histopathologic alterations were most prominent in the high-dose group. Concerning flow cytometry studies, an increase of lymphocyte number, especially T lymphocytes, was seen in blood samples from animals exposed to the highest dose. Taken together, these results indicate marked systemic organ toxicity in rats after subacute exposure to thiodicarb.

Networked embedded systems for active flow control in aircraft

Aerodynamic drag is known to be one of the factors contributing more to increased aircraft fuel consumption. The primary source of skin friction drag during flight is the boundary layer separation. This is the layer of air moving smoothly in the immediate vicinity of the aircraft. In this paper we discuss a cyber-physical system approach able of performing an efficient suppression of the turbulent flow by using a dense sensing deployment to detect the low pressure region and a similarly dense deployment of actuators to manage the turbulent flow. With this concept, only the actuators in the vicinity of a separation layer are activated, minimizing power consumption and also the induced drag.

Mathematical modeling and simulation of heat flow through pultrusion die assembly system for thermoset composites

Pultrusion is an industrial process used to produce glass fibers reinforced polymers profiles. These materials are worldwide used when performing characteristics, such as great electrical and magnetic insulation, high strength to weight ratio, corrosion and weather resistance, long service life and minimal maintenance are required. In this study, we present the results of the modelling and simulation of heat flow through a pultrusion die by means of Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The numerical simulation was calibrated based on temperature profiles computed from thermographic measurements carried out during pultrusion manufacturing process. Obtained results have shown a maximum deviation of 7%, which is considered to be acceptable for this type of analysis, and is below to the 10% value, previously specified as maximum deviation. © 2011, Advanced Engineering Solutions.

Otimização Energética do Sistema de Refrigeração da máquina de impregnar ZELL

Esta dissertação teve como objetivo fundamental a otimização energética do sistema de refrigeração da máquina de impregnar tela ZELL e, como objetivo adicional, a avaliação da qualidade da água do circuito, justificada pela acentuada degradação dos rolos devido à corrosão provocada pela recirculação da água de arrefecimento. Inicialmente fez-se o levantamento de informações do processo produtivo para caracterizar o funcionamento do sistema de refrigeração, tendo-se selecionado duas telas de poliéster designadas neste estudo por P1 e P2 e, também, uma tela de nylon designada por N. Foram efetuados ensaios, um para cada tela, para a atual temperatura de setpoint da água à saída da torre de arrefecimento (30ºC). Realizou-se outro ensaio para a tela N mas com uma temperatura de setpoint de 37ºC, ao qual se chamou N37. Deste modo, determinou-se as potências térmicas removidas pela água de refrigeração e as potências térmicas perdidas por radiação e por convecção, tendo-se verificado que na generalidade dos rolos as referências P1 e P2 apresentam valores mais elevados. Em termos percentuais, a potência térmica removida pela água de refrigeração nos grupos tratores 1 e 3 e no conjunto de rolos de R1 a R29 corresponde a 48%, 10% e 70%, respetivamente. Com a avaliação às necessidades de arrefecimento da máquina ZELL, confirmou-se que os caudais atuais de refrigeração dos rolos garantem condições, mais que suficientes, de funcionamento dos rolamentos. Assim sendo, fez-se uma análise no sentido da diminuição do caudal total que passou de 10,25 L/s para 7,65 L/s. Considerando esta redução, determinou-se o caudal de ar húmido a ser introduzido na torre de arrefecimento. O valor determinado foi de 4,6 m3ar húmido/s, o que corresponde a uma redução de cerca de 32% em relação ao caudal atual que é de 6,8 m3ar húmido/s. Com os resultados das análises efetuadas à água do circuito de refrigeração, concluiu-se que a água de reposição e a água de recirculação possuem má qualidade para uso na generalidade dos sistemas de refrigeração, principalmente devido aos elevados valores de concentração de ferro e condutividade elétrica, responsáveis pela intensificação da corrosão no interior dos rolos.

Simulação Dinâmica do Centro de Dia e Apoio à Terceira Idade de Leça do Balio

Pela importância que os edifícios têm na utilização de energia, a avaliação do seu desempenho energético é de grande relevância, uma vez que, em grande parte, passa por estes a concretização das metas europeias definidas para 2020, no que concerne à diminuição da utilização de energia. Tendo em conta que os edifícios representam 40% do consumo de energia total, e estando o sector em expansão, esta realidade obriga a uma procura de soluções integradas de arquitetura e engenharia que promovam a sustentabilidade dos edifícios. Foi efetuado um estudo num edifício constituído por dois corpos, um mais antigo que funciona como centro de dia e um mais recente que funciona como lar, localizados no concelho de Matosinhos, onde se identificaram os pontos de maior consumo energético, para os quais foram sugeridas alterações no sentido de baixar os custos com a factura energética. Nesta dissertação foi utilizado um software de simulação dinâmica para avaliação do comportamento térmico do edifício nas condições atuais e, posteriormente, foram simulados outros cenários com alterações ao nível da envolvente térmica dos edifícios e dos seus sistemas técnicos, que permitiram identificar algumas medidas de melhoria de eficiência energética. As medidas de melhoria sugeridas implicam uma redução energética, ao nível do consumo de água quente sanitária, consumo de gás natural e electricidade. De entre essas medidas, e com um payback inferior a 8 anos e meio, destacam-se a instalação de redutores de caudal, a substituição da caldeira e da bomba de recirculação, a instalação de painéis solares térmicos e a redução da quantidade de lâmpadas.

Mode-Controlled Data-Flow Modeling of Real-Time Memory Controllers

Accepted in 13th IEEE Symposium on Embedded Systems for Real-Time Multimedia (ESTIMedia 2015), Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Rapid automated method for on-site determination of sulfadiazine in fish farming: a stainless steel veterinary syringe coated with a selective membrane of PVC serving as a potentiometric detector in a flow-injection-analysis system

Sulfadiazine is an antibiotic of the sulfonamide group and is used as a veterinary drug in fish farming. Monitoring it in the tanks is fundamental to control the applied doses and avoid environmental dissemination. Pursuing this goal, we included a novel potentiometric design in a flow-injection assembly. The electrode body was a stainless steel needle veterinary syringe of 0.8-mm inner diameter. A selective membrane of PVC acted as a sensory surface. Its composition, the length of the electrode, and other flow variables were optimized. The best performance was obtained for sensors of 1.5-cm length and a membrane composition of 33% PVC, 66% onitrophenyloctyl ether, 1% ion exchanger, and a small amount of a cationic additive. It exhibited Nernstian slopes of 61.0 mV decade-1 down to 1.0×10-5 mol L-1, with a limit of detection of 3.1×10-6 mol L-1 in flowing media. All necessary pH/ionic strength adjustments were performed online by merging the sample plug with a buffer carrier of 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid, pH 4.9. The sensor exhibited the advantages of a fast response time (less than 15 s), long operational lifetime (60 days), and good selectivity for chloride, nitrite, acetate, tartrate, citrate, and ascorbate. The flow setup was successfully applied to the analysis of aquaculture waters. The analytical results were validated against those obtained with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry procedures. The sampling rate was about 84 samples per hour and recoveries ranged from 95.9 to 106.9%.

Nonlinear Dynamics for Local Fractional Burgers Equation Arising in Fractal Flow

The local fractional Burgers’ equation (LFBE) is investigated from the point of view of local fractional conservation laws envisaging a nonlinear local fractional transport equation with a linear non-differentiable diffusion term. The local fractional derivative transformations and the LFBE conversion to a linear local fractional diffusion equation are analyzed.

Effects of Soil Compaction and Organic Carbon Content on Preferential Flow in Loamy Field Soils

Abstract: Preferential flow and transport through macropores affect plant water use efficiency and enhance leaching of agrochemicals and the transport of colloids, thereby increasing the risk for contamination of groundwater resources. The effects of soil compaction, expressed in terms of bulk density (BD), and organic carbon (OC) content on preferential flow and transport were investigated using 150 undisturbed soil cores sampled from 15 × 15–m grids on two field sites. Both fields had loamy textures, but one site had significantly higher OC content. Leaching experiments were conducted in each core by applying a constant irrigation rate of 10 mm h−1 with a pulse application of tritium tracer. Five percent tritium mass arrival times and apparent dispersivities were derived from each of the tracer breakthrough curves and correlated with texture, OC content, and BD to assess the spatial distribution of preferential flow and transport across the investigated fields. Soils from both fields showed strong positive correlations between BD and preferential flow. Interestingly, the relationships between BD and tracer transport characteristics were markedly different for the two fields, although the relationship between BD and macroporosity was nearly identical. The difference was likely caused by the higher contents of fines and OC at one of the fields leading to stronger aggregation, smaller matrix permeability, and a more pronounced pipe-like pore system with well-aligned macropores.