Modelo generalista de páginas Web para motores de pesquisa com interface 3D

Web tornou-se uma ferramenta indispensável para a sociedade moderna. A capacidade de aceder a enormes quantidades de informação, disponível em praticamente todo o mundo, é uma grande vantagem para as nossas vidas. No entanto, a quantidade avassaladora de informação disponível torna-se um problema, que é o de encontrar a informação que precisamos no meio de muita informação irrelevante. Para nos ajudar nesta tarefa, foram criados poderosos motores de pesquisa online, que esquadrinham a Web à procura dos melhores resultados, segundo os seus critérios, para os dados que precisamos. Actualmente, os motores de pesquisa em voga, usam um formato de apresentação de resultados simples, que consiste apenas numa caixa de texto para o utilizador inserir as palavras-chave sobre o tema que quer pesquisar e os resultados são dispostos sobre uma lista de hiperligações ordenada pela relevância que o motor atribui a cada resultado. Porém, existem outras formas de apresentar resultados. Uma das alternativas é apresentar os resultados sobre interfaces em 3 dimensões. É nestes tipos de sistemas que este trabalho vai incidir, os motores de pesquisa com interfaces em 3 dimensões. O problema é que as páginas Web não estão preparadas para serem consumidas por este tipo de motores de pesquisa. Para resolver este problema foi construído um modelo generalista para páginas Web, que consegue alimentar os requisitos das diversas variantes destes motores de pesquisa. Foi também desenvolvido um protótipo de instanciação automático, que recolhe as informações necessárias das páginas Web e preenche o modelo.

Dual augmentation for aerobic bioremediation of MTBE and TCE pollution in heavy metal-contaminated soil

In this work we isolated from soil and characterized several bacterial strains capable of either resisting high concentrations of heavy metals (Cd2+ or Hg2+ or Pb2+) or degrading the common soil and groundwater pollutants MTBE (methyl-tertbutyl ether) or TCE (trichloroethylene). We then used soil microcosms exposed to MTBE (50 mg/l) or TCE (50 mg/l) in the presence of one heavy metal (Cd 10 ppm or Hg 5 ppm or Pb 50 or 100 ppm) and two bacterial isolates at a time, a degrader plus a metalresistant strain. Some of these two-membered consortia showed degradation efficiencies well higher (49–182% higher) than those expected under the conditions employed, demonstrating the occurrence of a synergetic relationship between the strains used. Our results show the efficacy of the dual augmentation strategy for MTBE and TCE bioremediation in the presence of heavy metals.

Desenvolvimento do sistema de controlo de um braço robotizado e respetiva interface com o utilizador

A robótica tem evoluído de forma significativa nos últimos anos e passa a ser indispensável em várias aplicações nas áreas da engenharia, aeronáutica, medicina, entre outras. O estado da arte do presente trabalho está dividido em duas partes, uma que aborda vários aspetos relacionados com a robótica e outra com os aspetos da fundamentação matemática por de trás da robótica, porque para controlar o robô é necessário implementar expressões matemáticas para o poder controlar. Neste trabalho é apresentado um sistema de controlo do braço robótico MENTOR e o desenvolvimento de uma interface para o utilizador. Para o controlo do braço robótico foi necessário calcular a cinemática direta e inversa, para que se possa obter os ângulos das juntas para uma dada posição ou qual é a posição final do braço robótico para um valor das juntas. O sistema é bastante flexível e foi desenvolvido para ser utilizado essencialmente para aprendizagem de robótica, podendo no entanto ser utilizado em outras aplicações.

Thermodynamic pathway for the formation of SnSe and SnSe2 polycrystalline thin films by selenization of metal precursors

In this work, tin selenide thin films (SnSex) were grown on soda lime glass substrates by selenization of dc magnetron sputtered Sn metallic precursors. Selenization was performed at maximum temperatures in the range 300 °C to 570 °C. The thickness and the composition of the films were analysed using step profilometry and energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. The films were structurally and optically investigated by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and optical transmittance and reflectance measurements. X-Ray diffraction patterns suggest that for temperatures between 300 °C and 470 °C, the films are composed of the hexagonal-SnSe2 phase. By increasing the temperature, the films selenized at maximum temperatures of 530 °C and 570 °C show orthorhombic-SnSe as the dominant phase with a preferential crystal orientation along the (400) crystallographic plane. Raman scattering analysis allowed the assignment of peaks at 119 cm−1 and 185 cm−1 to the hexagonal-SnSe2 phase and those at 108 cm−1, 130 cm−1 and 150 cm−1 to the orthorhombic-SnSe phase. All samples presented traces of condensed amorphous Se with a characteristic Raman peak located at 255 cm−1. From optical measurements, the estimated band gap energies for hexagonal-SnSe2 were close to 0.9 eV and 1.7 eV for indirect forbidden and direct transitions, respectively. The samples with the dominant orthorhombic-SnSe phase presented estimated band gap energies of 0.95 eV and 1.15 eV for indirect allowed and direct allowed transitions, respectively.

A study of ternary Cu2SnS3 and Cu3SnS4 thin films prepared by sulfurizing stacked metal precursors

Thin films of Cu2SnS3 and Cu3SnS4 were grown by sulfurization of dc magnetron sputtered Sn–Cu metallic precursors in a S2 atmosphere. Different maximum sulfurization temperatures were tested which allowed the study of the Cu2SnS3 phase changes. For a temperature of 350 ◦C the films were composed of tetragonal (I -42m) Cu2SnS3. The films sulfurized at a maximum temperature of 400 ◦C presented a cubic (F-43m) Cu2SnS3 phase. On increasing the temperature up to 520 ◦C, the Sn content of the layer decreased and orthorhombic (Pmn21) Cu3SnS4 was formed. The phase identification and structural analysis were performed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis. Raman scattering analysis was also performed and a comparison with XRD and EBSD data allowed the assignment of peaks at 336 and 351 cm−1 for tetragonal Cu2SnS3, 303 and 355 cm−1 for cubic Cu2SnS3, and 318, 348 and 295 cm−1 for the Cu3SnS4 phase. Compositional analysis was done using energy dispersive spectroscopy and induced coupled plasma analysis. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the layers. Transmittance and reflectance measurements permitted the estimation of absorbance and band gap. These ternary compounds present a high absorbance value close to 104 cm−1. The estimated band gap energy was 1.35 eV for tetragonal (I -42m) Cu2SnS3, 0.96 eV for cubic (F-43m) Cu2SnS3 and 1.60 eV for orthorhombic (Pmn21) Cu3SnS4. A hot point probe was used for the determination of semiconductor conductivity type. The results show that all the samples are p-type semiconductors. A four-point probe was used to obtain the resistivity of these samples. The resistivities for tetragonal Cu2SnS3, cubic Cu2SnS3 and orthorhombic (Pmn21) Cu3SnS4 are 4.59 × 10−2 cm, 1.26 × 10−2 cm, 7.40 × 10−4 cm, respectively.

User-interface technologies for the industrial environment: towards the cyber-factory

In the past few years the so-called gadgets like cellular phones, personal data assistants and digital cameras are more widespread even with less technological aware users. However, for several reasons, the factory-floor itself seems to be hermetic to this changes ... After the fieldbus revolution, the factory-floor has seen an increased use of more and more powerful programmable logic controllers and user interfaces but the way they are used remains almost the same. We believe that new user-computer interaction techniques including multimedia and augmented rcaliry combined with now affordable technologies like wearable computers and wireless networks can change the way the factory personal works together with the roachines and the information system on the factory-floor. This new age is already starting with innovative uses of communication networks on the factory-floor either using "standard" networks or enhancing industrial networks with multimedia and wireless capabilities.

The generalized multiprocessor periodic resource interface model for hierarchical multiprocessor scheduling

Composition is a practice of key importance in software engineering. When real-time applications are composed it is necessary that their timing properties (such as meeting the deadlines) are guaranteed. The composition is performed by establishing an interface between the application and the physical platform. Such an interface does typically contain information about the amount of computing capacity needed by the application. In multiprocessor platforms, the interface should also present information about the degree of parallelism. Recently there have been quite a few interface proposals. However, they are either too complex to be handled or too pessimistic.In this paper we propose the Generalized Multiprocessor Periodic Resource model (GMPR) that is strictly superior to the MPR model without requiring a too detailed description. We describe a method to generate the interface from the application specification. All these methods have been implemented in Matlab routines that are publicly available.

A pseudo-medium-wide 8-competitive interface for two-level compositional real-time scheduling of constrained- deadline sporadic tasks on a uniprocessor

Compositional real-time scheduling clearly requires that ”normal” real-time scheduling challenges are addressed but challenges intrinsic to compositionality must be addressed as well, in particular: (i) how should interfaces be described? and (ii) how should numerical values be assigned to parameters constituting the interfaces? The real-time systems community has traditionally used narrow interfaces for describing a component (for example, a utilization/bandwidthlike metric and the distribution of this bandwidth in time). In this paper, we introduce the concept of competitive ratio of an interface and show that typical narrow interfaces cause poor performance for scheduling constrained-deadline sporadic tasks (competitive ratio is infinite). Therefore, we explore more expressive interfaces; in particular a class called medium-wide interfaces. For this class, we propose an interface type and show how the parameters of the interface should be selected. We also prove that this interface is 8-competitive.

Simulation relations, interface complexity, and resource optimality for real-time hierachical systems

Compositional schedulability analysis of hierarchical realtime systems is a well-studied problem. Various techniques have been developed to abstract resource requirements of components in such systems, and schedulability has been addressed using these abstract representations (also called component interfaces). These approaches for compositional analysis incur resource overheads when they abstract components into interfaces. In this talk, we define notions of resource schedulability and optimality for component interfaces, and compare various approaches.

Direct search optimization application programming interface with remote access

Search Optimization methods are needed to solve optimization problems where the objective function and/or constraints functions might be non differentiable, non convex or might not be possible to determine its analytical expressions either due to its complexity or its cost (monetary, computational, time,...). Many optimization problems in engineering and other fields have these characteristics, because functions values can result from experimental or simulation processes, can be modelled by functions with complex expressions or by noise functions and it is impossible or very difficult to calculate their derivatives. Direct Search Optimization methods only use function values and do not need any derivatives or approximations of them. In this work we present a Java API that including several methods and algorithms, that do not use derivatives, to solve constrained and unconstrained optimization problems. Traditional API access, by installing it on the developer and/or user computer, and remote API access to it, using Web Services, are also presented. Remote access to the API has the advantage of always allow the access to the latest version of the API. For users that simply want to have a tool to solve Nonlinear Optimization Problems and do not want to integrate these methods in applications, also two applications were developed. One is a standalone Java application and the other a Web-based application, both using the developed API.

Web-based application programming interface to solve nonlinear optimization problems

Nonlinear Optimization Problems are usual in many engineering fields. Due to its characteristics the objective function of some problems might not be differentiable or its derivatives have complex expressions. There are even cases where an analytical expression of the objective function might not be possible to determine either due to its complexity or its cost (monetary, computational, time, ...). In these cases Nonlinear Optimization methods must be used. An API, including several methods and algorithms to solve constrained and unconstrained optimization problems was implemented. This API can be accessed not only as traditionally, by installing it on the developer and/or user computer, but it can also be accessed remotely using Web Services. As long as there is a network connection to the server where the API is installed, applications always access to the latest API version. Also an Web-based application, using the proposed API, was developed. This application is to be used by users that do not want to integrate methods in applications, and simply want to have a tool to solve Nonlinear Optimization Problems.

REXIB: Remote Experiments Interface Builder

Remote Experimentation is an educational resource that allows teachers to strengthen the practical contents of science & engineering courses. However, building up the interfaces to remote experiments is not a trivial task. Although teachers normally master the practical contents addressed by a particular remote experiment they usually lack the programming skills required to quickly build up the corresponding web interface. This paper describes the automatic generation of experiment interfaces through a web-accessible Java application. The application displays a list of existent modules and once the requested modules have been selected, it generates the code that enables the browser to display the experiment interface. The tools? main advantage is enabling non-tech teachers to create their own remote experiments.

Delamination analysis of carbon fibre reinforced laminates: evaluation of a special step drill

Drilling of carbon fibre/epoxy laminates is usually carried out using standard drills. However, it is necessary to adapt the processes and/or tooling as the risk of delamination, or other damages, is high. These problems can affect mechanical properties of produced parts, therefore, lower reliability. In this paper, four different drills – three commercial and a special step (prototype) – are compared in terms of thrust force during drilling and delamination. In order to evaluate damage, enhanced radiography is applied. The resulting images were then computational processed using a previously developed image processing and analysis platform. Results show that the prototype drill had encouraging results in terms of maximum thrust force and delamination reduction. Furthermore, it is possible to state that a correct choice of drill geometry, particularly the use of a pilot hole, a conservative cutting speed – 53 m/min – and a low feed rate – 0.025 mm/rev – can help to prevent delamination.

Interface caligráfica de escrita no ar

Na atualidade, está a emergir um novo paradigma de interação, designado por Natural User Interface (NUI) para reconhecimento de gestos produzidos com o corpo do utilizador. O dispositivo de interação Microsoft Kinect foi inicialmente concebido para controlo de videojogos, para a consola Xbox360. Este dispositivo demonstra ser uma aposta viável para explorar outras áreas, como a do apoio ao processo de ensino e de aprendizagem para crianças do ensino básico. O protótipo desenvolvido visa definir um modo de interação baseado no desenho de letras no ar, e realizar a interpretação dos símbolos desenhados, usando os reconhecedores de padrões Kernel Discriminant Analysis (KDA), Support Vector Machines (SVM) e $N. O desenvolvimento deste projeto baseou-se no estudo dos diferentes dispositivos NUI disponíveis no mercado, bibliotecas de desenvolvimento NUI para este tipo de dispositivos e algoritmos de reconhecimento de padrões. Com base nos dois elementos iniciais, foi possível obter uma visão mais concreta de qual o hardware e software disponíveis indicados à persecução do objetivo pretendido. O reconhecimento de padrões constitui um tema bastante extenso e complexo, de modo que foi necessária a seleção de um conjunto limitado deste tipo de algoritmos, realizando os respetivos testes por forma a determinar qual o que melhor se adequava ao objetivo pretendido. Aplicando as mesmas condições aos três algoritmos de reconhecimento de padrões permitiu avaliar as suas capacidades e determinar o $N como o que apresentou maior eficácia no reconhecimento. Por último, tentou-se averiguar a viabilidade do protótipo desenvolvido, tendo sido testado num universo de elementos de duas faixas etárias para determinar a capacidade de adaptação e aprendizagem destes dois grupos. Neste estudo, constatou-se um melhor desempenho inicial ao modo de interação do grupo de idade mais avançada. Contudo, o grupo mais jovem foi revelando uma evolutiva capacidade de adaptação a este modo de interação melhorando progressivamente os resultados.

Designing a user interface for repositories of learning objects

This paper presents the design of a user interface for repositories of learning objects. It integrates several tasks, such as submission, browse, search, and comment/review of learning objects, on a single screen layout. This design is being implemented on the web front-end of crimsonHex, a repository of specialized learning objects, developed as part of the EduJudge, a European project that aims to bring automatic evaluation of programming problems to eLearning systems.