Actuador linear para teste de teclas na indústria automóvel

As indústrias de componentes e acessórios automóveis são um elo fundamental no processo produtivo da indústria automóvel. Neste leque industrial encontra-se a Preh Portugal, Lda, como empresa fornecedora de componentes electrónicos, mais concretamente, painéis de controlo de climatização. Os painéis fornecidos pela Preh aos seus clientes encontram-se sujeitos a rigorosos testes de qualidade e funcionalidade. Neste sentido o teste funcional das teclas surge, relacionando o curso da tecla em função de uma força actuante. Esta relação está comprometida com uma curva característica padrão para o tipo de tecla. Para além destes compromissos, também é necessário que a tecla feche e abra o seu contacto eléctrico. Esta tese foca-se no desenvolvimento do teste de teclas, apresentando uma alteração ao sistema actual com a introdução de um sistema embebido, no intuito de flexibilizar o sistema de teste e reduzindo custos. O sistema embebido pretende dar capacidade de processamento ao teste e, desta forma, substituir o actual computador como elemento de processamento. A solução implementada consistiu numa mudança estrutural, através da inclusão do sistema embebido entre o computador e o sistema de deslocamento. Passando o foco central do processo de teste a residir no sistema embebido, este tem de estabelecer comunicações com os restantes elementos intervenientes no teste. Estabelece comunicações série RS-232 com o sistema de deslocamento (leitura do curso e força na tecla), Ethernet com o computador (comandos, parâmetros e resultados) e CAN com o painel de controlo de climatização (fecho/abertura do contacto eléctrico). A concretização deste projecto resultou numa nova estrutura e aplicação, a qual é facilmente integrada na linha de produção com as vantagens de ser menos onerosa e mais flexível, conforme o pretendido.

Controlador dedicado de Ecrãs LCD/TFT

Para dar resposta aos grandes avanços tecnológicos e, consequentemente, à postura mais exigente dos clientes, a empresa Francisco Parracho – Electrónica Industrial, Lda., que tem actividade no ramo dos elevadores, decidiu introduzir no mercado um controlador dedicado de ecrãs Liquid Crystal Display / Thin Film Transistor (LCD / TFT). O objectivo é substituir um sistema suportado por um computador, caracterizado pelas suas elevadas dimensões e custos, mas incontornável até à data, nomeadamente para resoluções de ecrã elevadas. E assim nasceu este trabalho. Com uma selecção criteriosa de todos os componentes e, principalmente, sem funcionalidades inúteis, obteve-se um sistema embebido com dimensões e custos bem mais reduzidos face ao seu opositor. O ecrã apontado para este projecto é um Thin Film Transistor – Liquid Crystal Display (TFT-LCD) da Sharp de 10.4” de qualidade industrial, com uma resolução de 800 x 600 píxeis a 18 bits por píxel. Para tal, foi escolhido um micro-controlador da ATMEL, um AVR de 32 bits que, entre outras características, possui um controlador LCD que suporta resoluções até 2048 x 2048 píxeis, de 1 a 24 bits por píxel. Atendendo ao facto deste produto ser inserido na área dos elevadores, as funcionalidades, quer a nível do hardware quer a nível do software, foram projectadas para este âmbito. Contudo, o conceito aqui exposto é adjacente a quaisquer outras áreas onde este produto se possa aplicar, até porque o software está feito para se tornar bem flexível. Com a ajuda de um kit de desenvolvimento, foram validados os drivers dos controladores e periféricos base deste projecto. De seguida, aplicou-se esse software numa placa de circuito impresso, elaborada no âmbito deste trabalho, para que fossem cumpridos todos os requisitos requeridos pela empresa patrocinadora: - Apresentação de imagens no ecrã consoante o piso; - Possibilidade de ter um texto horizontalmente deslizante;Indicação animada do sentido do elevador; - Representação do piso com deslizamento vertical; - Descrição sumária do directório de pisos também com deslizamento vertical; - Relógio digital; - Leitura dos conteúdos pretendidos através de um cartão SD/MMC; - Possibilidade de actualização dos conteúdos via USB flash drive.

Ferramenta de apoio ao projeto, configuração e gestão de instalações domóticas

Esta dissertação apresenta o trabalho realizado no âmbito da unidade curricular de Tese / Dissertação (TEDI) do Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores – Especialização em Automação e Sistemas em parceria com a empresa Live Simply, uma empresa de domótica que decidiu apostar na inovação e no desenvolvimento de serviços e produtos de valor acrescentado para consolidar a sua posição no mercado. Neste contexto, foram identificadas como mais-valias para a Live Simply a conceção, por um lado, de uma ferramenta de apoio técnico de integração e simplificação das fases de projeto, configuração e gestão de instalações domóticas e, por outro lado, de uma interface com a instalação para o cliente consultar e alterar, em tempo real, o estado dos atuadores. Depois de analisadas as tecnologias disponíveis, selecionaram-se as soluções a adotar (linguagens de programação, servidores de base de dados e ambientes de desenvolvimento), definiu-se a arquitetura do sistema, detalhando-se os módulos de projeto, configuração e gestão de instalações, a estrutura da base de dados assim como o hardware de controlo da instalação. De seguida, procedeu-se ao desenvolvimento dos módulos de software e à configuração e programação do módulo de hardware. Por último, procedeu-se a um conjunto exaustivo de testes aos diferentes módulos que demonstraram o correto funcionamento da ferramenta e a adequação das tecnologias empregues. A ferramenta de apoio técnico realizada integra as fases do projeto, configuração e gestão de instalações domóticas, permitindo melhorar o desempenho dos técnicos e a resposta aos clientes. A interface oferecida ao dono da instalação é uma interface Web de aspeto amigável e fácil utilização que permite consultar e modificar em tempo real o estado da instalação.

Disseminating data using broadcast when topology is unknown

Consider the problem of disseminating data from an arbitrary source node to all other nodes in a distributed computer system, like Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). We assume that wireless broadcast is used and nodes do not know the topology. We propose new protocols which disseminate data faster and use fewer broadcasts than the simple broadcast protocol.

Using a prioritized MAC protocol to efficiently compute aggregated quantities

Consider a distributed computer system such that every computer node can perform a wireless broadcast and when it does so, all other nodes receive this message. The computer nodes take sensor readings but individual sensor readings are not very important. It is important however to compute the aggregated quantities of these sensor readings. We show that a prioritized medium access control (MAC) protocol for wireless broadcast can compute simple aggregated quantities in a single transaction, and more complex quantities with many (but still a small number of) transactions. This leads to significant improvements in the time-complexity and as a consequence also similar reduction in energy “consumption”.

Experimental assessment of pressure drop in air stripping columns

One important step in the design of air stripping operations for the removal of VOC is the choice of operating conditions, which are based in the phase ratio. This parameter sets on directly the stripping factor and the efficiency of the operation. Its value has an upper limit determined by the flooding regime, which is previewed using empirical correlations, namely the one developed by Eckert. This type of approach is not suitable for the development of algorithms. Using a pilot scale column and a convenient solution, the pressure drop was determined in different operating conditions and the experimental values were compared with the estimations. This particular research will be incorporated in a global model for simulating the dynamics of air stripping using a multi variable distributed parameter system.

Formal Contracts for Runtime Verification Support in the Ada Programming Language

Poster presented in The 28th GI/ITG International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems (ARCS 2015). 24 to 26, Mar, 2015. Porto, Portugal.

A hybrid intelligent system for distributed dynamic scheduling

This chapter addresses the resolution of dynamic scheduling by means of meta-heuristic and multi-agent systems. Scheduling is an important aspect of automation in manufacturing systems. Several contributions have been proposed, but the problem is far from being solved satisfactorily, especially if scheduling concerns real world applications. The proposed multi-agent scheduling system assumes the existence of several resource agents (which are decision-making entities based on meta-heuristics) distributed inside the manufacturing system that interact with other agents in order to obtain optimal or near-optimal global performances.

An integrated approach for distributed energy resource short term scheduling in smart grids considering realistic power system simulation

The large increase of distributed energy resources, including distributed generation, storage systems and demand response, especially in distribution networks, makes the management of the available resources a more complex and crucial process. With wind based generation gaining relevance, in terms of the generation mix, the fact that wind forecasting accuracy rapidly drops with the increase of the forecast anticipation time requires to undertake short-term and very short-term re-scheduling so the final implemented solution enables the lowest possible operation costs. This paper proposes a methodology for energy resource scheduling in smart grids, considering day ahead, hour ahead and five minutes ahead scheduling. The short-term scheduling, undertaken five minutes ahead, takes advantage of the high accuracy of the very-short term wind forecasting providing the user with more efficient scheduling solutions. The proposed method uses a Genetic Algorithm based approach for optimization that is able to cope with the hard execution time constraint of short-term scheduling. Realistic power system simulation, based on PSCAD , is used to validate the obtained solutions. The paper includes a case study with a 33 bus distribution network with high penetration of distributed energy resources implemented in PSCAD .

A distributed system for learning programming on-line

Several Web-based on-line judges or on-line programming trainers have been developed in order to allow students to train their programming skills. However, their pedagogical functionalities in the learning of programming have not been clearly defined. EduJudge is a project which aims to integrate the “UVA On-line Judge”, an existing on-line programming trainer with an important number of problems and users, into an effective educational environment consisting of the e-learning platform Moodle and the competitive learning tool QUESTOURnament. The result is the EduJudge system which allows teachers to apply different pedagogical approaches using a proven e-learning platform, makes problems easy to search through an effective search engine, and provides an automated evaluation of the solutions submitted to these problems. The final objective is to provide new learning strategies to motivate students and present programming as an easy and attractive challenge. EduJudge has been tried and tested in three algorithms and programming courses in three different Engineering degrees. The students’ motivation and satisfaction levels were analysed alongside the effects of the EduJudge system on students’ academic outcomes. Results indicate that both students and teachers found that among other multiple benefits the EduJudge system facilitates the learning process. Furthermore, the experi- ment also showed an improvement in students’ academic outcomes. It must be noted that the students’ level of satisfaction did not depend on their computer skills or their gender.

Parallel real-time support for distributed adaptive embedded applications

Real-time embedded applications require to process large amounts of data within small time windows. Parallelize and distribute workloads adaptively is suitable solution for computational demanding applications. The purpose of the Parallel Real-Time Framework for distributed adaptive embedded systems is to guarantee local and distributed processing of real-time applications. This work identifies some promising research directions for parallel/distributed real-time embedded applications.

Poster: EMMON: a WSN system architecture and toolset for large-scale and dense real-time embedded monitoring

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted growing interest in the last decade as an infrastructure to support a diversity of ubiquitous computing and cyber-physical systems. However, most research work has focused on protocols or on specific applications. As a result, there remains a clear lack of effective and usable WSN system architectures that address both functional and non-functional requirements in an integrated fashion. This poster outlines the EMMON system architecture for large-scale, dense, real-time embedded monitoring. It provides a hierarchical communication architecture together with integrated middleware and command and control software. It has been designed to maintain as much as flexibility as possible while meeting specific applications requirements. EMMON has been validated through extensive analytical, simulation and experimental evaluations, including through a 300+ nodes test-bed the largest single-site WSN test-bed in Europe.

EMMON: a WSN system architecture for large scale and dense real-time embedded monitoring

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted growing interest in the last decade as an infrastructure to support a diversity of ubiquitous computing and cyber-physical systems. However, most research work has focused on protocols or on specific applications. As a result, there remains a clear lack of effective, feasible and usable system architectures that address both functional and non-functional requirements in an integrated fashion. In this paper, we outline the EMMON system architecture for large-scale, dense, real-time embedded monitoring. EMMON provides a hierarchical communication architecture together with integrated middleware and command and control software. It has been designed to use standard commercially-available technologies, while maintaining as much flexibility as possible to meet specific applications requirements. The EMMON architecture has been validated through extensive simulation and experimental evaluation, including a 300+ node test-bed, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the largest single-site WSN test-bed in Europe to date.

Online robust optimization framework for QoS guarantees in distributed soft real-time systems

In distributed soft real-time systems, maximizing the aggregate quality-of-service (QoS) is a typical system-wide goal, and addressing the problem through distributed optimization is challenging. Subtasks are subject to unpredictable failures in many practical environments, and this makes the problem much harder. In this paper, we present a robust optimization framework for maximizing the aggregate QoS in the presence of random failures. We introduce the notion of K-failure to bound the effect of random failures on schedulability. Using this notion we define the concept of K-robustness that quantifies the degree of robustness on QoS guarantee in a probabilistic sense. The parameter K helps to tradeoff achievable QoS versus robustness. The proposed robust framework produces optimal solutions through distributed computations on the basis of Lagrangian duality, and we present some implementation techniques. Our simulation results show that the proposed framework can probabilistically guarantee sub-optimal QoS which remains feasible even in the presence of random failures.

Dynamic QoS adaptation of inter- dependent task sets in cooperative embedded systems

Due to the growing complexity and dynamism of many embedded application domains (including consumer electronics, robotics, automotive and telecommunications), it is increasingly difficult to react to load variations and adapt the system's performance in a controlled fashion within an useful and bounded time. This is particularly noticeable when intending to benefit from the full potential of an open distributed cooperating environment, where service characteristics are not known beforehand and tasks may exhibit unrestricted QoS inter-dependencies. This paper proposes a novel anytime adaptive QoS control policy in which the online search for the best set of QoS levels is combined with each user's personal preferences on their services' adaptation behaviour. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed anytime algorithms are able to quickly find a good initial solution and effectively optimise the rate at which the quality of the current solution improves as the algorithms are given more time to run, with a minimum overhead when compared against their traditional versions.