Internet based VRS Code Positioning

Absolute positioning – the real time satellite based positioning technique that relies solely on global navigation satellite systems – lacks accuracy for several real time application domains. To provide increased positioning quality, ground or satellite based augmentation systems can be devised, depending on the extent of the area to cover. The underlying technique – multiple reference station differential positioning – can, in the case of ground systems, be further enhanced through the implementation of the virtual reference station concept. Our approach is a ground based system made of a small-sized network of three stations where the concept of virtual reference station was implemented. The stations provide code pseudorange corrections, which are combined using a measurement domain approach inversely proportional to the distance from source station to rover. All data links are established trough the Internet.

Shannon information and power law analysis of the chromosome code

This paper studies the information content of the chromosomes of twenty-three species. Several statistics considering different number of bases for alphabet character encoding are derived. Based on the resulting histograms, word delimiters and character relative frequencies are identified. The knowledge of this data allows moving along each chromosome while evaluating the flow of characters and words. The resulting flux of information is captured by means of Shannon entropy. The results are explored in the perspective of power law relationships allowing a quantitative evaluation of the DNA of the species.

Shannon entropy analysis of the genome code

This paper studies the chromosome information of twenty five species, namely, mammals, fishes, birds, insects, nematodes, fungus, and one plant. A quantifying scheme inspired in the state space representation of dynamical systems is formulated. Based on this algorithm, the information of each chromosome is converted into a bidimensional distribution. The plots are then analyzed and characterized by means of Shannon entropy. The large volume of information is integrated by averaging the lengths and entropy quantities of each species. The results can be easily visualized revealing quantitative global genomic information.

A review of power laws in real life phenomena

Power law distributions, also known as heavy tail distributions, model distinct real life phenomena in the areas of biology, demography, computer science, economics, information theory, language, and astronomy, amongst others. In this paper, it is presented a review of the literature having in mind applications and possible explanations for the use of power laws in real phenomena. We also unravel some controversies around power laws.

On the use of code mobility mechanisms in real-time systems

Applications with soft real-time requirements can benefit from code mobility mechanisms, as long as those mechanisms support the timing and Quality of Service requirements of applications. In this paper, a generic model for code mobility mechanisms is presented. The proposed model gives system designers the necessary tools to perform a statistical timing analysis on the execution of the mobility mechanisms that can be used to determine the impact of code mobility in distributed real-time applications.

Desenvolvimento de um Code Set para a escrita manual baseado na classificação internacional de funcionalidade versão crianças e jovens

Compreender a funcionalidade de uma criança é um desafio persistente em contextos de saúde e educação. Na tentativa de superar esse desafio, em 2007, a Organização Mundial de Saúde desenvolveu a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde para Crianças e Jovens (CIF-CJ) como o primeiro sistema de classificação universal para documentar a saúde e funcionalidade da criança. Apesar de a CIF-CJ não ser um instrumento de avaliação e intervenção, tem, no entanto, a capacidade de servir de enquadramento para o desenvolvimento de ferramentas adaptadas às necessidades dos seus utilizadores. Considerando que no contexto escolar, a escrita manual encontra-se entre as atividades mais requeridas para a participação plena de uma criança, parece ser pertinente a definição de um conjunto de códigos destinados a caracterizar o perfil de funcionalidade de uma criança, no que se refere à escrita manual. O objetivo deste estudo foi, pois, o desenvolvimento de um conjunto preliminar de códigos baseado na CIF-CJ que possa vir a constituir um code set para a escrita manual. Dada a complexidade do tema e atendendo a que se pretende alcançar consenso entre os especialistas sobre quais as categorias da CIF-CJ que devem ser consideradas, optou-se pela utilização da técnica de Delphi. A escolha da metodologia seguiu a orientação dos procedimentos adotados pelo projeto Core Set CIF. De dezoito profissionais contactados, obtiveram-se respostas de sete terapeutas ocupacionais com experiência em pediatria, que participaram em todas as rondas. No total, três rondas de questionários foram realizadas para atingir um consenso, com um nível de concordância, previamente definido, de 70%. Deste estudo resultou um conjunto preliminar de códigos com 54 categorias da CIF-CJ (16 categorias de segundo nível, 14 categorias de terceiro nível e uma categoria de quarto nível), das quais 31 são categorias das funções do corpo, uma categoria das estruturas do corpo, 12 categorias de atividades e participação e 10 categorias de fatores ambientais. Este estudo é um primeiro passo para o desenvolvimento de um code set para a escrita manual baseado na CIF-CJ , sendo claramente necessário a realização de mais pesquisas no contexto do desenvolvimento e da validação deste code set.

Nanoparticles for the remediation of agrogenic contaminated soil and groundwater – a review

The wide spread use and strong reliance on both fertilizers and pesticides made of agrigenic pollution one of the major contemporary threats to environment and human health. Impacts on the environment vary from local effects, such as eutrophycation1, 2, loss of biodiversity and diminished ecosystem health3, to global effects, such as the aggravation of global warming2, 4 and ozone layer depletion5. The novelty of nanoremediation and its early successes, reported for various contexts, present the prospect for the development of relevant applications for agrigenic contaminants.

Quinoxaline, its derivatives and applications: A state of the art review.

Quinoxaline derivatives are an important class of heterocycle compounds, where N replaces some carbon atoms in the ring of naphthalene. Its molecular formula is C8H6N2, formed by the fusion of two aromatic rings, benzene and pyrazine. It is rare in natural state, but their synthesis is easy to perform. In this review the State of the Art will be presented, which includes a summary of the progress made over the past years in the knowledge of the structure and mechanism of the quinoxaline and quinoxaline derivatives, associated medical and biomedical value as well as industrial value. Modifying quinoxaline structure it is possible to obtain a wide variety of biomedical applications, namely antimicrobial activities and chronic and metabolic diseases treatment.

The development of the N1 and N2 components in auditory oddball paradigms: a systematic review with narrative analysis and suggested normative values

Auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) are widely used in diverse fields of today’s neuroscience, concerning auditory processing, speech perception, language acquisition, neurodevelopment, attention and cognition in normal aging, gender, developmental, neurologic and psychiatric disorders. However, its transposition to clinical practice has remained minimal. Mainly due to scarce literature on normative data across age, wide spectrumof results, variety of auditory stimuli used and to different neuropsychological meanings of AERPs components between authors. One of the most prominent AERP components studied in last decades was N1, which reflects auditory detection and discrimination. Subsequently, N2 indicates attention allocation and phonological analysis. The simultaneous analysis of N1 and N2 elicited by feasible novelty experimental paradigms, such as auditory oddball, seems an objective method to assess central auditory processing. The aim of this systematic review was to bring forward normative values for auditory oddball N1 and N2 components across age. EBSCO, PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Google Scholarwere systematically searched for studies that elicited N1 and/or N2 by auditory oddball paradigm. A total of 2,764 papers were initially identified in the database, of which 19 resulted from hand search and additional references, between 1988 and 2013, last 25 years. A final total of 68 studiesmet the eligibility criteria with a total of 2,406 participants from control groups for N1 (age range 6.6–85 years; mean 34.42) and 1,507 for N2 (age range 9–85 years; mean 36.13). Polynomial regression analysis revealed thatN1latency decreases with aging at Fz and Cz,N1 amplitude at Cz decreases from childhood to adolescence and stabilizes after 30–40 years and at Fz the decrement finishes by 60 years and highly increases after this age. Regarding N2, latency did not covary with age but amplitude showed a significant decrement for both Cz and Fz. Results suggested reliable normative values for Cz and Fz electrode locations; however, changes in brain development and components topography over age should be considered in clinical practice.

A Review of Definitions for Fractional Derivatives and Integral

This paper presents a review of definitions of fractional order derivatives and integrals that appear in mathematics, physics, and engineering.

From quality gurus and TQM to ISO 9001:2015: a review of several quality paths

A revision of several paths for the Quality journey is presented: from Quality Gurus and Total Quality Management (TQM) models to the ISO 9000 International Standards Series. Since ISO 9001:2008 is now in the revision process to the expected ISO 9001:2015 version, an analysis is made of he proposed changes and the underlying reasons and the impacts foreseen on the more than 1.3 Million certified organizations. This revision should be a step towards TQM and reflect the changes of an increasingly complex, demanding and dynamic environment, while assuring that complying organizations are able to provide conformity products and services that satisfy their customers. Major benefits are expected such as less emphasis on documentation and new/reinforced approaches: consideration of Organizational Context and (relevant) Stakeholders, Risk Based thinking and Knowledge Management.

Factors of repatriates’ turnover: literature review

One of the important challenges for multinational organisations is to increase the ability to retain their repatriates. The literature review shows high turnover rates amongst repatriates in the first two years following return from the international assignment. This paper discusses organisation’s (in)ability to retain its repatriates. A diversity of predictable factors of repatriates’ turnover is identified, including factors related to the job, the organisation, qualification, career development, personality, social context and the market. The paper analysis organisational support practices designed to increase the power of retention and decrease the turnover. We concluded that research about retention versus turnover of repatriates is scarce, mainly regarding the role a formal repatriation and retention programme in facilitating the retention of these employees with acquired international knowledge and skills, that is, the role that organisational factors play in voluntary turnover decisions. Further research is suggested at the end of the article.

The role of human resource management practices on repatriates’ retention: a literature review

This investigation reviews literature on human resource management practices that influence the retention of repatriates. The processes of selection and training/preparation before the departure, the role of the mentor and of communication during the international assignment, a program of readjustment to repatriation and a career development plan after return to the home firm are the practices identified in the literature as the main promoters of repatriates’ retention. Evidence suggests that greater responsibility on the part of the firms before, during and after the international assignment allows for more efficiency in the management of their repatriates.

The influence of task design on upper limb muscles fatigue during low-load repetitive work: A systematic review

Ergonomic interventions such as increased scheduled breaks or job rotation have been proposed to reduce upper limb muscle fatigue in repetitive low-load work. This review was performed to summarize and analyze the studies investigating the effect of job rotation and work-rest schemes, as well as, work pace, cycle time and duty cycle, on upper limb muscle fatigue. The effects of these work organization factors on subjective fatigue or discomfort were also analyzed. This review was based on relevant articles published in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The studies included in this review were performed in humans and assessed muscle fatigue in upper limbs. 14 articles were included in the systematic review. Few studies were performed in a real work environment and the most common methods used to assess muscle fatigue were surface electromyography (EMG). No consistent results were found related to the effects of job rotation on muscle activity and subjective measurements of fatigue. Rest breaks had some positive effects, particularly in perceived discomfort. The increase in work pace reveals a higher muscular load in specific muscles. The duration of experiments and characteristics of participants appear to be the factors that most have influenced the results. Future research should be focused on the improvement of the experimental protocols and instrumentation, in order to the outcomes represent adequately the actual working conditions. Relevance to industry: Introducing more physical workload variation in low-load repetitive work is considered an effective ergonomic intervention against muscle fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders in industry. Results will be useful to identify the need of future research, which will eventually lead to the adoption of best industrial work practices according to the workers capabilities.

A Review on the Characterization of Signals and Systems by Power Law Distributions

Power laws, also known as Pareto-like laws or Zipf-like laws, are commonly used to explain a variety of real world distinct phenomena, often described merely by the produced signals. In this paper, we study twelve cases, namely worldwide technological accidents, the annual revenue of America׳s largest private companies, the number of inhabitants in America׳s largest cities, the magnitude of earthquakes with minimum moment magnitude equal to 4, the total burned area in forest fires occurred in Portugal, the net worth of the richer people in America, the frequency of occurrence of words in the novel Ulysses, by James Joyce, the total number of deaths in worldwide terrorist attacks, the number of linking root domains of the top internet domains, the number of linking root domains of the top internet pages, the total number of human victims of tornadoes occurred in the U.S., and the number of inhabitants in the 60 most populated countries. The results demonstrate the emergence of statistical characteristics, very close to a power law behavior. Furthermore, the parametric characterization reveals complex relationships present at higher level of description.