6 resultados para trace mineral requirements

em Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa - Portugal


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The present study aims the identification and quantification of trace elements in two types of honey samples: Orchard honey and Wild honey from mainland Portugal. Chemical elements content was assessed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). Concentrations were determinated for Ag, As, Br, Ca, Cl, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, U, V and Zn. The nutritional values of both honey types were evaluated since this product contains some elements that are essential dietary nutrients for humans. Physical properties of the honey samples, such as electrical conductivy and pH, were assessed as well.

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Os aditivos alimentares desempenham um papel vital na indústria alimentar moderna e são geralmente utilizados na manutenção da qualidade e das características dos alimentos, promovendo desta forma a segurança alimentar. Para garantir o consumo seguro de alimentos com aditivos, os Estados Membros da União Europeia devem estabelecer um sistema regular de vigilância para monitorização desse consumo. No sentido de obter essa informação, é necessário aplicar métodos de análise robustos de modo a quantificar os níveis dessas substâncias numa larga variedade de matrizes alimentares. O presente trabalho teve como objectivos: a determinação analítica do tipo e do teor de aditivos alimentares nos novos refrigerantes à base de água mineral através de um método de HPLC baseado na norma EN 12856, a validação do método analítico para a quantificação dos edulcorantes (acessulfame K, aspartame e sacarina) e dos conservantes (ácido sórbico e ácido benzóico) e a comparação dos resultados obtidos com os valores máximos permitidos pela legislação portuguesa. Dos refrigerantes à base de água existentes no mercado português, foram analisadas 34 amostras de diferentes marcas, para determinação do tipo e teor de aditivos. Na validação da metodologia foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: gama de trabalho, linearidade, sensibilidade, limite de detecção (LD), limite de quantificação (LQ), precisão (repetibilidade e precisão intermédia) e exactidão. Relativamente à análise dos edulcorantes, verificou-se a presença do acessulfame K em 12 refrigerantes numa concentração que oscilou entre 34 e 94 mg/L. O aspartame foi encontrado apenas em 5 amostras num intervalo de concentração de 36 a 159 mg/L e a sacarina não foi detectada. No caso dos conservantes, o ácido sórbico foi encontrado em 19 dos refrigerantes numa gama de concentração entre 109 e 283 mg/L enquanto que o ácido benzóico, presente em 18 amostras, apresentou um teor que variou entre 91 e 143 mg/L. Observou-se ainda que o teor de cada um dos aditivos nos diferentes refrigerantes não excedeu o limite máximo legislado.

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Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

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Unstabilized rammed earth is a recyclable, economical, and eco-friendly building material, used in the past and still applied today. Traditionally, its use was based on a long empirical knowledge of the local materials. Because this knowledge was mostly lost or is no longer sufficient, in many countries normative documents have been produced to allow the assessment of rammed earth soils. With the aim of contributing for a refining of these normative requirements, this article presents a research work that included: (i) collection of Unstabilized rammed earth samples from six constructions in Portugal; (ii) a literature survey of normative and complementary documents to identify the most mentioned key-properties, the test procedures and the corresponding threshold limits; and (iii) a discussion of the test procedures and of the thresholds limits in the light of the experimental results. The analyzed properties are the particle size distribution, maximum particle size, plasticity, compaction, linear shrinkage, organic content, and salt content. The work highlights the advantages of taking into account the characteristics of existing constructions as a basis for the establishment and further refining of consistent threshold values. In particular, it shows that it is essential to adjust the requirements to the specificities of local materials.

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Background & aims - Patients who underwent endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) present protein-energy malnutrition, but little is known about Trace Elements (TE), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Selenium (Se), Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr). Our aim was the evaluation of serum TE in patients who underwent PEG and its relationship with serum proteins, BMI and nature of underlying disorder. Methods - A prospective observational study was performed collecting: patient's age, gender, underlying disorder, NRS-2002, BMI, serum albumin, transferrin and TE concentration. We used ferrozine colorimetric method for Fe; Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy for Zn/Cu; Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Se/Cr. The patients were divided into head and neck cancer (HNC) and neurological dysphagia (ND). Results - 146 patients (89 males), 21–95 years: HNC-56; ND-90. Low BMI in 78. Low values mostly for Zn (n = 122) and Fe (n = 69), but less for Se (n = 31), Cu (n = 16), Cr (n = 7); low albumin in 77, low transferrin in 94 and 66 with both proteins low. Significant differences between the groups of underlying disease only for Zn (t140.326 = −2,642, p < 0.01) and a correlation between proteins and TE respectively albumin and Zn (r = 0.197, p = 0.025), and albumin and Fe (r = 0.415, p = 0.000). Conclusions - When gastrostomy was performed, patients display low serum TE namely Zn, but also Fe, less striking regarding others TE. It was related with prolonged fasting, whatever the underlying disease. Low proteins were associated with low TE. Teams taking care of PEG-patients should use Zn supplementation and include other TE evaluation as part of the nutritional assessment of PEG candidates.

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In the framework of multibody dynamics, the path motion constraint enforces that a body follows a predefined curve being its rotations with respect to the curve moving frame also prescribed. The kinematic constraint formulation requires the evaluation of the fourth derivative of the curve with respect to its arc length. Regardless of the fact that higher order polynomials lead to unwanted curve oscillations, at least a fifth order polynomials is required to formulate this constraint. From the point of view of geometric control lower order polynomials are preferred. This work shows that for multibody dynamic formulations with dependent coordinates the use of cubic polynomials is possible, being the dynamic response similar to that obtained with higher order polynomials. The stabilization of the equations of motion, always required to control the constraint violations during long analysis periods due to the inherent numerical errors of the integration process, is enough to correct the error introduced by using a lower order polynomial interpolation and thus forfeiting the analytical requirement for higher order polynomials.