O impacto da tecnologia do código de barras na redução dos erros de medicação

A tecnologia do código de barras possibilita que a identificação e a história do doente se relacionem com todos os momentos de prestação de cuidados, como sejam: a prescrição médica, a dispensa e administração de medicamentos. Para tal, é necessário dispor de uma ferramenta informática apropriada, que gera os códigos de barras e respectivas ligações e dispositivos de leitura desses mesmos códigos. Segundo a American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, os tipos de erros de medicação podem agrupar-se em categorias, que não podem ser mutuamente exclusivas, devido à natureza multifatorial e multidisciplinar. Estas são as seguintes: prescribing error; omission error; wrong time error time; unauthorized drug error; wrong dosage form error; wrong drug-preparation error; wrong administration-technique error; deteriorated drug error; monitoring error; compliance error; other medication error. Para a correcta utilização do medicamento tem que se garantir que o doente certo toma o medicamento certo, na quantidade certa, na via de administração e hora certa (5RIGHTS). A evidência científica demonstrou que esta tecnologia conduz a uma REDUÇÃO DOS ERROS DE MEDICAÇÃO, nomeadamente na categoria da administração de medicamentos. Objectivo do estudo: demonstrar o impacto da tecnologia do código de barras na redução dos erros de medicação em meio hospitalar.

Biomonitorization in hospital settings with cytostatics occupational exposure

Exposure in a hospital setting is normally due to the use of several antineoplastic drugs simultaneously. Nevertheless, the effects of such mixtures at the cell level and on human health in general are unpredictable and unique due to differences in practice of hospital oncology departments, in the number of patients, protection devices available, and the experience and safety procedures of medical staff. Health care workers who prepare or administer hazardous drugs or who work in areas where these drugs are used may be exposed to these agents in the air, on work surfaces, contaminated clothing, medical equipment, patient excreta, and other surfaces. These workers include specially pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and nursing personnel. Exposures may occur through inhalation resulting from aerosolization of powder or liquid during reconstitution and spillage taking place while preparing or administering to patients, through Cytokinesis-block micronucleus test (CBMN) is extensively used in biomonitoring, since it determines several biomarkers of genotoxicity, such as micronuclei (MN), which are biomarkers of chromosomes breakage or loss, nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB), common biomarkers of chromosome rearrangement, poor repair and/or telomeres fusion, and nuclear buds (NBUD), biomarkers of elimination of amplified DNA.

Genotoxic assessment in different exposure groups working with antineoplastic agents

Antioneoplastic drugs are widely used in treatment of cancer, and several studies suggest acute and long-term effects associated to antineoplastic drug exposures, namely associating workplace exposure with health effects. Cytokinesis blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay is one promising short-term genotoxicity assays for human risk assessment and their combination is recommended to monitor populations chronically exposed to genotoxic agents. The aim of this investigation is the genotoxicity assessment in different professionals that handle cytostatics drugs. This research is case-control blinded study constituted by 46 non-exposed subjects and 44 workers that handle antineoplastic drugs, such as pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and nurses. It was found statistically significant increases in the genotoxicity biomarkers in exposed comparising with controls (p<0.05). The findings address the need for regular biomonitoring of personnel occupationally exposed to these drugs, confirming to an enhanced health risk assessment.