Avaliação da visão binocular e da secreção lacrimal nos técnicos de farmácia em contexto de produção de nutrição parentérica

A astenopia e a fadiga visual constituem-se como queixas frequentes e podem ser desencadeadas pelo uso contínuo dos olhos em actividades prolongadas a uma distância de perto (cerca de 33cm). Os técnicos de farmácia realizam, em contexto hospitalar, a preparação de bolsas de nutrição parentérica num ambiente controlado por uma câmara de fluxo de ar laminar horizontal que emite ar de forma unidireccional e constante na direcção do utilizador. Esta actividade exige um elevado desempenho visual, devido ao contínuo uso do sistema ocular de perto, conduzindo a fadiga visual, entre outras complicações. A exigência visual de uma tarefa provoca diminuição da frequência do pestanejo e aumento da exposição da superfície ocular. O constante fluxo de ar dirigido ao utilizador provoca aumento do ritmo de evaporação lacrimal, podendo assim surgir sintomas característicos de olho seco. Será que existem alterações da visão binocular e da secreção lacrimal, queixas astenópicas e de olho seco nos técnicos de farmácia que produzem nutrição parentérica?

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Dendritic Ni-Co Films By Electrodeposition on Stainless Steel Substrates

Co-deposition of nickel and cobalt was carried out on austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) substrates by imposing a square waveform current in the cathodic region. The innovative procedure applied in this work allows creating a stable, fully developed, and open porous three-dimensional (3D) dendritic structure, which can be used as electrode for redox supercapacitors. This study investigates in detail the influence of the applied current density on the morphology, mass, and chemical composition of the deposited Ni-Co films and the resulting 3D porous network dendritic structure. The morphology and the physicochemical composition were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (W). The electrochemical behavior of the materials was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results highlight the mechanism involved in the coelectrodeposition process and how the lower limit current density tailors the film composition and morphology, as well as its electrochemical activity.

Nutrição parentérica em contexto hospitalar: a pesagem das bolsas como método de controlo de qualidade da preparação

A produção de nutrição parentérica está sujeita à ocorrência de erros colocando em risco a segurança do doente. O de controlo de qualidade da composição das bolsas produzidas em Farmácia Hospitalar torna-se indispensável de modo a contribuir para a minimização de erros, garantindo a qualidade final destas preparações. A pesagem das bolsas apresenta-se como um método de controlo de qualidade rápido, económico e fácil de executar, sendo a sua validação um passo fundamental do processo. Objetivo: validar um método de pesagem das bolsas de Nutrição Parentérica, no que concerne aos parâmetros definidos pela International Conference Harmonization: exatidão, precisão intermédia, repetibilidade, linearidade e reprodutibilidade.

Produção de nutrição parentérica: a realidade de seis instituições hospitalares portuguesas

Parte dos erros na nutrição parentérica podem ser evitados: a) NP for efectuada de acordo com procedimentos rigorosos pré-estabelecidos; b) a preparação de NP deve seguir as Boas Práticas de Produção; c) implementação de sistemas de qualidade funcionais; d) controlo de qualidade activo. Objectivo: caracterizar a preparação de nutrição parentérica pediátrica em seis farmácias hospitalares, de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, no que concerne a: instalações, equipamento, pessoal, garantia e controlo de qualidade.

Synthesis, structure and electrochemical behaviour of Na, Mg-II, Mn-II, Cd-II and Ni-II complexes of 3-(2-carboxyphenylhydrazone)pentane-2,4-dione

Mononuclear manganese(II) [Mn(kappa O-HL)(2)(CH3OH)(4)] (4), nickel(II) [Ni(kappa O-2, kappa N-L)(H2O)(3)] (5), cadmium(II) [Cd(kappa O-2-HL)(2)(CH3OH)(3)] (7), tetranuclear zinc(II) [Zn-4(mu-OH)(2)(1 kappa O:2 kappa O-HL)(4)(kappa O-HL)(2)(H2O)(4)] (6) and polynuclear aqua sodium(I) [Na(H2O)(2)(mu-H2O)(2)](n)(HL)(n) (2) and magnesium(II) [Mg(OH)(H2O)(mu-H2O)(2)](n)(-HL)(n) (3) complexes were synthesized using 3-(2-carboxyphenyl-hydrazone)pentane-2,4-dione (H2L, 1) as a ligand precursor. The complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR, H-1 and C-13 NMR (for 2, 3, 6 and 7) spectroscopies. Mono- or dianionic deprotonated derivatives of H2L display different coordination modes and lead to topologies and nuclearities of the complexes depending on metal ions and conditions used for the syntheses. Extensive intermolecular H-bonds form supramolecular arrangements in 1D chains (4 and 6), 1D chains of the organic anion and 2D networks of the metal-aqua aggregates (2 and 3), 2D networks (7) or even 3D frameworks (5). Electrochemical studies, by cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis, show ligand centred redox processes as corroborated by theoretical DFT calculations in terms of LUMO and HOMO compositions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Formation of oriented nickel aggregates in rutile single crystals by Ni implantation

The magnetic and electrical properties of Ni implanted single crystalline TiO2 rutile were studied for nominal implanted fluences between 0.5 x 10(17) cm(-2) and 2.0 x 10(17) cm(-2) with 150 keV energy, corresponding to maximum atomic concentrations between 9 at% and 27 at% at 65 nm depth, in order to study the formation of metallic oriented aggregates. The results indicate that the as implanted crystals exhibit superparamagnetic behavior for the two higher fluences, which is attributed to the formation of nanosized nickel clusters with an average size related with the implanted concentration, while only paramagnetic behavior is observed for the lowest fluence. Annealing at 1073 K induces the aggregation of the implanted nickel and enhances the magnetization in all samples. The associated anisotropic behavior indicates preferred orientations of the nickel aggregates in the rutile lattice consistent with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry-channelling results. Electrical conductivity displays anisotropic behavior but no magnetoresistive effects were detected. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fabrication of the three-dimensional dendritic Ni-Co films by electrodeposition on stainless steel substrates

Co-deposition of nickel and cobalt was carried out on austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) substrates by imposing a square waveform current in the cathodic region. The innovative procedure applied in this work allows creating a stable, fully developed, and open porous three-dimensional (3D) dendritic structure, which can be used as electrode for redox supercapacitors. This study investigates in detail the influence of the applied current density on the morphology, mass, and chemical composition of the deposited Ni-Co films and the resulting 3D porous network dendritic structure. The morphology and the physicochemical composition were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (W). The electrochemical behavior of the materials was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results highlight the mechanism involved in the coelectrodeposition process and how the lower limit current density tailors the film composition and morphology, as well as its electrochemical activity.

Hydrogen evolution on nanostructured Ni-Cu foams

Three-dimensional (3D) nickel-copper (Ni-Cu) nanostructured foams were prepared by galvanostatic electrodeposition, on stainless steel substrates, using the dynamic hydrogen bubble template. These foams were tested as electrodes for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 8 M KOH solutions. Polarisation curves were obtained for the Ni-Cu foams and for a solid Ni electrode, in the 25-85 degrees C temperature range, and the main kinetic parameters were determined. It was observed that the 3D foams have higher catalytic activity than pure Ni. HER activation energies for the Ni-Cu foams were lower (34-36 kJ mol(-1)) than those calculated for the Ni electrode (62 kJ mol(-1)). The foams also presented high stability for HER, which makes them potentially attractive cathode materials for application in industrial alkaline electrolysers.