6 resultados para hormonal mutants
em Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa - Portugal
Resumo:
Coordination of apical constriction in epithelial sheets is a fundamental process during embryogenesis. Here, we show that DRhoGEF2 is a key regulator of apical pulsation and constriction of amnioserosal cells during Drosophila dorsal closure. Amnioserosal cells mutant for DRhoGEF2 exhibit a consistent decrease in amnioserosa pulsations whereas overexpression of DRhoGEF2 in this tissue leads to an increase in the contraction time of pulsations. We probed the physical properties of the amnioserosa to show that the average tension in DRhoGEF2 mutant cells is lower than wild-type and that overexpression of DRhoGEF2 results in a tissue that is more solid-like than wild-type. We also observe that in the DRhoGEF2 overexpressing cells there is a dramatic increase of apical actomyosin coalescence that can contribute to the generation of more contractile forces, leading to amnioserosal cells with smaller apical surface than wild-type. Conversely, in DRhoGEF2 mutants, the apical actomyosin coalescence is impaired. These results identify DRhoGEF2 as an upstream regulator of the actomyosin contractile machinery that drives amnioserosa cells pulsations and apical constriction.
Resumo:
Tubulin cofactors (TBCs) participate in the folding, dimerization, and dissociation pathways of the tubulin dimer. Among them, TBCB and TBCE are two CAP-Gly domain-containing proteins that together efficiently interact with and dissociate the tubulin dimer. In the study reported here we showed that TBCB localizes at spindle and midzone microtubules during mitosis. Furthermore, the motif DEI/M-COO− present in TBCB, which is similar to the EEY/F-COO− element characteristic of EB proteins, CLIP-170, and α-tubulin, is required for TBCE–TBCB heterodimer formation and thus for tubulin dimer dissociation. This motif is responsible for TBCB autoinhibition, and our analysis suggests that TBCB is a monomer in solution. Mutants of TBCB lacking this motif are derepressed and induce microtubule depolymerization through an interaction with EB1 associated with microtubule tips. TBCB is also able to bind to the chaperonin complex CCT containing α-tubulin, suggesting that it could escort tubulin to facilitate its folding and dimerization, recycling or degradation.
Resumo:
Mestrado em Segurança e Higiene do Trabalho.
Resumo:
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the association between magnesium (Mg), body composition and insulin resistance in 136 sedentary postmenopausal women, 50 to 77 years of age. Methods: Diabetics, hypertensives and women on hormonal replacement therapy were excluded and the remaining 74 were divided according to BMI≥25 (obese: OG) and BMI<25 kg/m2 (non-obese: NOG). Nutritional data disclosed that intakes were high for protein and saturated fat, low for carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fat and Mg and normal for the other nutrients, according to recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Mg values in red blood cells (RBC-Mg) and plasma (P-Mg), were determined, as were fasting glucose, and insulin levels, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA), body mass index (BMI), body fat percent (BF %), abdominal fat (AF) and free fat mass (FFM). Results: RBC-Mg values were low in both groups when compared with normal values. There were significant differences in body composition parameters, HOMA and insulin levels, with higher basal insulin levels in OG. RBC-Mg was directly correlated with insulin, HOMA and FFM in both groups, according to Pearson correlations. HOMA in OG was also directly correlated with BMI, FFM and AF. In NOG, HOMA was only correlated with FFM. The low RBC-Mg levels observed were probably due to low Mg intake and to deregulation of factors that control Mg homeostasis during menopause. Conclusions: Both Mg deficit and obesity may independently lead to a higher risk for insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease.
Resumo:
Durante toda a gestação a grávida está sujeita a um elevado número de alterações, tanto sistémicas como oculares. A maioria das mudanças oculares que ocorrem durante a gravidez são de origem: hormonal (alterações da produção de progesterona), metabólica (ganho de peso pela retenção de líquidos hídricos), hematológica (aumento do volume sanguíneo), cardiovascular (diminuição da pressão arterial), imunológica (diminuição da imunidade celular). Podem ser divididas em 3 categorias: alterações fisiológicas, modificações em doenças oculares pré-existentes, alterações patológicas. Projeto desenvolvido em conjunto com a equipa de Enfermagem do C. S. Vagos (ACES Baixo Vouga), nas sessões de preparação pré-parto para: transmitir à grávida as manifestações visuais que ocorrem durante o período gestacional e as medidas de prevenção a considerar; promover ações de sensibilização e educação para a saúde da visão nesta temática; divulgar o desempenho profissional do Ortoptista.
Resumo:
Os desreguladores endócrinos (EDCs) são uma importante preocupação para a saúde humana devido aos seus potenciais efeitos negativos. Por definição, os EDCs têm a capacidade de interferir com a sinalização hormonal através da sua capacidade de ligação aos recetores hormonais e, deste modo, afetar o normal funcionamento do sistema endócrino. O sistema endócrino regula a transcrição génica através de moléculas sinalizadoras, hormonas, que atuam em baixas concentrações. Assim, a exposição a EDCs, mesmo em baixas doses, pode ter efeitos biológicos adversos. Entre os EDCs, o 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol (Bisphenol A:BPA) destaca-se como um caso paradigmático de um xenoestrógeneo sintético, utilizado na produção de plásticos e das resinas de cola Epoxy, encontrando-se presente numa grande variedade de produtos para consumo humano. Estudos epidemiológicos têm revelado correlações positivas entre a presença de BPA em amostras biológicas humanas e a ocorrência de várias patologias, como infertilidade e desregulação do sistema reprodutivo, diabetes Mellitus tipo II e obesidade.