A supervised versus home-based program effects on liver transplanted familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy patients: walking, fatigue and quality of life

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of a six months exercise training program on walking capacity, fatigue and health related quality of life (HRQL). Relevance: Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy disease (FAP) is an autossomic neurodegenerative disease, related with systemic deposition of amyloidal fibre mainly on peripheral nervous system and mainly produced in the liver. FAP often results in severe functional limitations. Liver transplantation is used as the only therapy so far, that stop the progression of some aspects of this disease. Transplantation requires aggressive medication which impairs muscle metabolism and associated to surgery process and previous possible functional impairments, could lead to serious deconditioning. Reports of fatigue are common feature in transplanted patients. The effect of supervised or home-based exercise training programs in FAP patients after a liver transplant (FAPTX) is currently unknown.

A supervised versus home-based program effects on liver transplanted familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy patients: walking, fatigue and quality of life

Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy is a systemic deposition of amyloidal fibre mainly on peripheral nervous system (but also in other systems like heart, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, etc) and mainly produced in the liver. Purpose of this study: to evaluate the effects of a six months exercise training program(supervised or home-based) on walking capacity, fatigue and health related quality of life (HRQL) on Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy patients submitted to a liver transplant.

Asphalt rubber mixtures in Portugal: fatigue resistance

This paper presents a study concerning the fatigue behaviour of asphalt mixtures with bitumen modified with high content of crumb rubber used in Portugal. For assessing the fatigue behaviour of this type of mixtures, four asphalt mixtures with high content of crumb rubber were used: two field bituminous mixtures – an open-graded and a gap-graded – both with granite aggregates; and two laboratory manufactured bituminous mixtures – an open-graded mixture with granite aggregates and a gap-graded mixture with crushed gravel aggregates. Since this type of mixtures are mainly applied in wearing courses, the effect of ageing in the fatigue behaviour of one of the studied asphalt rubber mixtures was also assessed through laboratory testing. The paper presents the main results achieved so far concerning the fatigue resistance and it could be concluded that all the materials have exhibited a good behaviour, in agreement with others previous studies. In the case of the aged gap-graded material, it was observed a slight reduction on the fatigue life comparatively to the un-aged one.

The importance of the program for the promotion of physical activity in perceived fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis

The aims of the study is to examine for intervention program of physical activity in the perception of fatigue, in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Low-Carbon Cement with Waste Oil-Cracking Catalyst Incorporation

The present paper shows preliminary results of an ongoing project which one of the goals is to investigate the viability of using waste FCC catalyst (wFCC), originated from Portuguese oil refinery, to produce low carbon blended cements. For this purpose, four blended cements were produced by substituting cement CEM I 42.5R up to 20% (w/w) by waste FCC catalyst. Initial and final setting times, consistency of standard paste, soundness and compressive strengths after 2, 7 and 28 days were measured. It was observed that the wFCC blended cements developed similar strength, at 28 days, compared to the reference cement, CEM I 42.5R. Moreover, cements with waste FCC catalyst incorporation up to 15% w/w meet European Standard EN 197-1 specifications for CEM II/A type cement, in the 42.5R strength class.

Efeito da moagem do catalisador exausto de cracking catalítico nas propriedade de argamassas de cimento

Atualmente, o impacto ambiental gerado pela produção de cimento é uma das grandes preocupações a nível mundial. O seu processo de produção requer não só a utilização de quantidades significativas de recursos naturais não renováveis bem como de consumo de energia. Concomitantemente, a produção de cimento é a maior fonte de emissão antropogénica de CO2 para a atmosfera. Desta forma, várias medidas têm sido concebidas com o intuito de diminuir estes impactos visando a preservação do meio ambiente. Uma dessas medidas consiste em substituir parcialmente cimento por resíduos industriais. Neste sentido, com o presente trabalho pretendeu-se avaliar o efeito da moagem do catalisador exausto da unidade de “cracking” catalítico (FCC) - proveniente da refinaria da GALP, em Sines - nas propriedades de argamassas em que este resíduo substitui parcialmente o cimento. Na campanha experimental prepararam-se argamassas com substituição parcial de cimento por resíduo de FCC – entre os 0 a 15%, em massa – com três distribuições de tamanho de partículas de resíduo distintas. Na preparação destas argamassas adotaram-se duas abordagens experimentais que originaram duas séries de argamassas: numa das séries, a consistência das argamassas no estado fresco varia em função do teor de catalisador incorporado e na outra série, a consistência das argamassas é mantida constante através da adição de superplastificante, independentemente do teor de catalisador incorporado. As propriedades das argamassas no estado fresco avaliadas foram: a consistência por espalhamento, o teor de ar e a massa volúmica. No estado endurecido avaliou-se: a velocidade de propagação de ondas ultrassónicas nas argamassas, a resistência mecânica, a aderência e a absorção de água por capilaridade. Com o presente estudo verifica-se que a utilização de resíduo moído como substituto parcial do cimento, aumenta a trabalhabilidade da argamassa para substituições de 15%. Para substituições de 5% e 10%, a moagem do resíduo não se apresenta sensível à trabalhabilidade. A moagem deste resíduo de FCC também não tem um efeito significativo nos valores de resistência à compressão das argamassas em que é incorporado, embora se verifique uma tendência para que os resíduos moídos conduzam a valores resistência à compressão mais elevados quando comparado com o não moído, particularmente quando a percentagem de incorporação do resíduo é mais elevada. A atividade pozolânica aumenta com a moagem do resíduo de FCC. A introdução de resíduo moído conduz à diminuição da absorção de água por capilaridade, à medida que a percentagem de substituição aumenta.

Do fatigue, physical activity, handgrip strength and quality of life change between pre and post liver transplant?

Analisar: níveis de fadiga, força de preensão, HRQoL, níveis de actividade física. Será que se alteram em doentes PAF após o transplante de fígado? Dado que os níveis de actividade física se encontram abaixo dos valores mínimos recomendados deveria ser encontrada uma estratégia de aumento do tempo dispendido na actividade física leve a moderada idealmente no PRÉ TRANSPLANTE.

Design optimization of cruciform specimens for biaxial fatigue loading

In order to correctly assess the biaxial fatigue material properties one must experimentally test different load conditions and stress levels. With the rise of new in-plane biaxial fatigue testing machines, using smaller and more efficient electrical motors, instead of the conventional hydraulic machines, it is necessary to reduce the specimen size and to ensure that the specimen geometry is appropriated for the load capacity installed. At the present time there are no standard specimen’s geometries and the indications on literature how to design an efficient test specimen are insufficient. The main goal of this paper is to present the methodology on how to obtain an optimal cruciform specimen geometry, with thickness reduction in the gauge area, appropriated for fatigue crack initiation, as a function of the base material sheet thickness used to build the specimen. The geometry is optimized for maximum stress using several parameters, ensuring that in the gauge area the stress is uniform and maximum with two limit phase shift loading conditions. Therefore the fatigue damage will always initiate on the center of the specimen, avoiding failure outside this region. Using the Renard Series of preferred numbers for the base material sheet thickness as a reference, the reaming geometry parameters are optimized using a derivative-free methodology, called direct multi search (DMS) method. The final optimal geometry as a function of the base material sheet thickness is proposed, as a guide line for cruciform specimens design, and as a possible contribution for a future standard on in-plane biaxial fatigue tests. © 2014, Gruppo Italiano Frattura. All rights reserved.

Optimization of cruciform specimens for biaxial fatigue loading with direct multi search

In order to correctly assess the biaxial fatigue material properties one must experimentally test different load conditions and stress levels. With the rise of new in-plane biaxial fatigue testing machines, using smaller and more efficient electrical motors, instead of the conventional hydraulic machines, it is necessary to reduce the specimen size and to ensure that the specimen geometry is appropriate for the load capacity installed. At the present time there are no standard specimen's geometries and the indications on literature how to design an efficient test specimen are insufficient. The main goal of this paper is to present the methodology on how to obtain an optimal cruciform specimen geometry, with thickness reduction in the gauge area, appropriate for fatigue crack initiation, as a function of the base material sheet thickness used to build the specimen. The geometry is optimized for maximum stress using several parameters, ensuring that in the gauge area the stress distributions on the loading directions are uniform and maximum with two limit phase shift loading conditions (delta = 0 degrees and (delta = 180 degrees). Therefore the fatigue damage will always initiate on the center of the specimen, avoiding failure outside this region. Using the Renard Series of preferred numbers for the base material sheet thickness as a reference, the reaming geometry parameters are optimized using a derivative-free methodology, called direct multi search (DMS) method. The final optimal geometry as a function of the base material sheet thickness is proposed, as a guide line for cruciform specimens design, and as a possible contribution for a future standard on in-plane biaxial fatigue tests

Research progress on reuse of fluid catalytic cracking waste from oil refinery in cement-based materials

Present paper present the main results obtained in the scope of an ongoing project which aims to contribute to the valorization of a waste generated by the Portuguese oil company in construction materials. This waste is an aluminosilicate with high pozzolanic reactivity. Several different technological applications had already been tested with success both in terms of properties and compliance with the corresponding standards specifications. Namely, this project results already demonstrated that this waste can be used in traditional concrete, self-compacted concrete, mortars (renders, masonry mortar, concrete repair mortars), cement main constituent as well as alkali activated binders.

Effects of an exercise training program in physical condition after liver transplantation in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy: a case report

Introduction: Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to sensory and motor polyneuropathies as well as functional limitations. So far, liver transplantation is the only treatment for FAP because the mutated protein causing the disease is mainly produced in the liver. With the increasing survival of transplant recipients, functional and cardiovascular problems as consequences of immunosuppressant side effects are increasing associated with sedentary lifestyles and/or retransplantation status. We sought to analyze the impact of exercise training programs on 1 FAP patient’s course long-term after liver transplantation. Methodology. A FAP patient (female; 49 years of age; body mass index 18.8 kg/m2) underwent a liver transplantation 133 months before assessment. She was assessed for body composition, isometric quadriceps muscle strength, functional capacity, fatigue, and levels of physical activity before and after a 6-month period of combined exercise training. Results: After the exercise training program, almost all variables were improved, namely, total body skeletal muscle mass, proximal femoral bone mineral density, quadriceps strength, maximal oxygen consumption on 6 minutes walk test (6mwt) or VO2peak, total ventilation on 6mwt, and fatigue. The improvement in distance on 6mwt (69.2 m) was clinically significant. Preintervention the levels of physical activity were below international recommendations for health; after the program they achieved the recommendations. Conclusion: The results showed an improvement in functional capacity with a decrease in future disability risk associated with a better lifestyle with respect to physical activity levels in 1 patient.

Modification of MOR by desilication treatments: Structural, textural and acidic characterization

The effect of several desilication experimental parameters (base concentration, temperature and time) on the characteristics of MOR zeolite was studied. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Al-27 and Si-29 MAS-NMR, chemical analysis, and FTIR (framework vibration region). The textural characterization was made by N-2 adsorption and the acidity was evaluated by pyridine adsorption followed by FTIR and by the catalytic model reaction of n-heptane cracking. The alkaline treatments promoted the Si extraction from the zeolite framework, without considerable loss of crystallinity and, as it was envisaged, an important increase of the mesoporous structure was attained. A linear correlation between the number of framework Si per unit cell. N-Si and the asymmetric stretching wavenumber, nu(i), was observed. The acidity characterization shows that the desilicated samples exhibit practically the same acid properties than the parent HMOR zeolite. The optimum desilication conditions were those used to obtain sample M/0.2/85/2, i.e., sample treated with 0.2 M NaOH solution at 85 degrees C for 2 h.

Hydroisomerization of n-decane over SAPO-11 catalysts synthesized with methylamine as co-template

The present work deals with preliminary studies concerning a new synthesis approach to prepare SAPO materials with AEL structure and evaluate their catalytic behavior in the hydroisomerization of long paraffins. The new SAPO-11 catalysts were synthesized with the help of a small amine (methylamine, MA) added during the preparation of the initial gel. As MA incorporates into the structure of the final materials, it contributes, together with DPA (dipropylamine), to an increase in Si incorporation as isolated species, which results in Bronsted acid sites. Thus, this new and original synthesis strategy allows to obtain materials with enhanced Bronsted acidity when compared with free MA materials. The catalysts were tested in n-decane hydroisomerization (n-decane was used as a model molecule) and confirmed the effect of MA on the acidic properties of the catalysts. The samples synthesized with MA present a higher number of acid sites that increase the catalytic conversion but have a negative effect in the isomerization selectivity, i.e. a more significant amount of cracking products is formed.

Reutilização de catalisador exausto da indústria petroquímica em materiais à base de cimento

A produção de cimento é um processo que envolve um impacto ambiental significativo, uma vez que necessita de apreciáveis quantidades de recursos naturais não-renováveis e energia, além de contribuir para a emissão de poluentes, particularmente CO2 para a atmosfera. A presente dissertação pretende contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novos materiais à base de cimento, com menor impacto ambiental, substituindo parcialmente o cimento corrente por dois resíduos industriais diferentes: um oriundo da indústria petrolífera, concretamente um catalisador exausto da unidade de “cracking” catalítico (FCC) e o outro da indústria da transformação de pedra natural. Neste sentido, estudaram-se diferentes misturas de cimento com incorporação de catalisador exausto de FCC e de resíduo de pedra natural calcária, bem como, com a incorporação simultânea de ambos os resíduos, para avaliar se os cimentos compostos, a que dão origem, correspondem aos requisitos mecânicos e físicos, aos quais os cimentos e seus constituintes devem respeitar, para serem certificados pela norma NP EN 197-a [1]. A campanha experimental teve como objecto de estudo 21 formulações de cimentos sem e com incorporação de resíduo(s) com as quais se estudou: no estado fresco - os tempos presa, a trabalhadibilidade, a massa volúmica e o teor em ar; no estado endurecido - a velocidade de propagação de ondas ultra-sónicas, a resistência mecânica e a absorção de água por capilaridade. Apesar de ambos os resíduos acelerarem o início de presa, todas as pastas formuladas satisfazem o requisito físico preconizado pela norma NP EN 197-1 [1]. A utilização de catalisador “carking” catalítico em leito fluidizado (FCC) conduz á diminuição da fluidez da argamassa e proporciona o incremento da resistência mecânica. As misturas com incorporação de 15% de resíduo - tanto de FCC como pedra natural - cumprem os requisitos mecânicos, conforme o requerido pela norma NP EN 197-1 [1]. Também as misturas com incorporação de ambos os resíduos satisfazem este requisito, para teores de substituição de cimento de 20%. A velocidade de propagação de ondas ultra-sónicas é correlacionável com a resistência mecânica das argamassas produzidas. A utilização destes resíduos na qualidade de substitutos parciais do cimento demonstrou-se viável podendo traduzir-se na produção de cimentos com propriedades melhoradas.

Quality of life in dilated cardiomyopathy with refractory chronic heart failure undergoing devices implantation

Heart failure is the final stage of most of cardiac diseases. It is a complex syndrome in which the patients should have the following features: symptoms of heart failure, typically shortness of breath at rest or during exertion, and/or fatigue; signs of fluid retention such as pulmonary congestion or ankle swelling; and objective evidence of an abnormality of the structure or function of the heart at rest. This progressive syndrome as a high incidence and prevalence and poor prognosis: four-year mortality is around 50% with 40% of the patients admitted to hospital dying or readmitted within a year. With ageing, many patients will develop chronic heart failure, which, because of its symptoms, patient’s awareness of their risk of dying, and the effects of therapy, together with frequent hospitalizations, has considerable impact on patient’s health-related quality of life.