Impacto das novas tecnologias no aumento da eficiência da iluminação pública: caso de estudo do parque das nações

Portugal comprometeu-se em finais de 2009 com novos objetivos para a política energética e estabeleceu como prioridade a eficiência energética, designadamente através da aplicação de programas de redução do consumo de energia na Administração Pública e da promoção de comportamentos e escolhas que minimizem o consumo energético. Neste contexto, o principal objetivo a que se propõe este trabalho é: contribuir para a nova política energética do Governo, através do estudo do impacto das novas tecnologias e novos procedimentos, no aumento da eficiência da Iluminação Pública. Nesta dissertação é efetuada uma análise aos sistemas de Iluminação Pública existentes e, também o estudo das inovações tecnológicas disponíveis no mercado. Feita esta caracterização e com base em critérios económicos e técnicos suportados por normas nacionais e internacionais em vigor, as soluções que maximizem a eficiência energética na sua globalidade são identificadas e propostas para implementação no terreno. Será igualmente analisado o impacto no sistema elétrico existente das alterações propostas. A componente experimental desta dissertação foi realizada no Parque das Nações com a colaboração da Parque Expo – Gestão Urbana do Parque das Nações, S.A., entidade gestora do espaço público do Parque das Nações. O Parque das Nações apresenta-se como um local de inegável interesse para os objetivos desta dissertação porque: dispõe de uma grande diversidade de soluções na Iluminação Pública; encontra-se a curta distância do ISEL e funciona, não raras vezes, como “montra” tecnológica do País.

Improving accuracy for OTD based 3G geolocation in real urban/suburban environments

This paper presents the recent research results about the development of a Observed Time Difference (OTD) based geolocation algorithm based on network trace data, for a real Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) Network. The initial results have been published in [1], the current paper focus on increasing the sample convergence rate, and introducing a new filtering approach based on a moving average spatial filter, to increase accuracy. Field tests have been carried out for two radio environments (urban and suburban) in the Lisbon area, Portugal. The new enhancements produced a geopositioning success rate of 47% and 31%, and a median accuracy of 151 m and 337 m, for the urban and suburban environments, respectively. The implemented filter produced a 16% and 20% increase on accuracy, when compared with the geopositioned raw data. The obtained results are rather promising in accuracy and geolocation success rate. OTD positioning smoothed by moving average spatial filtering reveals a strong approach for positioning trace extracted events, vital for boosting Self-Organizing Networks (SON) over a 3G network.

Assessment of exposure to airborne ultrafine particles in the urban environment of Lisbon, Porugal

The aim of this study was the assessment of exposure to ultrafine in the urban environment of Lisbon, Portugal, due to automobile traffic, and consisted of the determination of deposited alveolar surface area in an avenue leading to the town center during late spring. This study revealed differentiated patterns for weekdays and weekends, which could be related with the fluxes of automobile traffic. During a typical week, ultrafine particles alveolar deposited surface area varied between 35.0 and 89.2 mu m(2)/cm(3), which is comparable with levels reported for other towns such in Germany and the United States. These measurements were also complemented by measuring the electrical mobility diameter (varying from 18.3 to 128.3 nm) and number of particles that showed higher values than those previously reported for Madrid and Brisbane. Also, electron microscopy showed that the collected particles were composed of carbonaceous agglomerates, typical of particles emitted by the exhaustion of diesel vehicles. Implications: The approach of this study considers the measurement of surface deposited alveolar area of particles in the outdoor urban environment of Lisbon, Portugal. This type of measurements has not been done so far. Only particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters <2.5 (PM2.5) and >10 (PM10) mu m have been measured in outdoor environments and the levels found cannot be found responsible for all the observed health effects. Therefore, the exposure to nano- and ultrafine particles has not been assessed systematically, and several authors consider this as a real knowledge gap and claim for data such as these that will allow for deriving better and more comprehensive epidemiologic studies. Nanoparticle surface area monitor (NSAM) equipments are recent ones and their use has been limited to indoor atmospheres. However, as this study shows, NSAM is a very powerful tool for outdoor environments also. As most lung diseases are, in fact, related to deposition of the alveolar region of the lung, the metric used in this study is the ideal one.