Masculinidades e fatores sociais de risco para a saúde: um retrato nacional

O objetivo geral deste artigo é analisar os fatores de ordem social que influenciam a saúde dos homens portugueses, em particular os comportamentos que se associam à construção das masculinidades. Para satisfazer o objetivo da pesquisa proceder‑se‑á à análise de alguns indicadores estatísticos produzidos por fontes oficiais, de natureza amostral ou administrativa, como o INE ou o EUROSTAT. O modelo de masculinidade que emerge da análise dos indicadores nacionais apresentados remete para um ideário de género muito associado a estilos de vida e desempenho de profissões com impacto negativo na esperança média de vida dos homens portugueses. Tendo como referência as mulheres, destaca‑se no caso dos homens: maior taxa de acidentes de viação; consumo de álcool e tabaco mais acentuado e prematuro; mais mortes associadas ao consumo de drogas; mais mortes autoprovocadas intencionalmente; maior incidência da SIDA; maior número de acidentes de trabalho. ABSTRACT - The purpose of this article is to analyze the social factors that influence the health of Portuguese men, namely the behaviors that can be associated to the construction of masculinities. To satisfy this objective we will analyze some statistical indicators produced by official sources like INE or EUROSTAT. The model of masculinity that emerges from national indicators analysis is associated to behaviors and consumptions with a negative impact in Portuguese men health and life expectancy. In this article we highlight some of these behaviors: biggest rate of transport accidents; larger and early alcohol and tobacco consumption; more deaths associated to the consumption of drugs; more auto provoked deaths; bigger AIDS incidence; more occupational accidents.

Developmental and evolutionary assumptions in a study about the impact of premature birth and low income on mother–infant interaction

In order to study the impact of premature birth and low income on mother–infant interaction, four Portuguese samples were gathered: full-term, middle-class (n=99); premature, middle-class (n=63); full-term, low income (n=22); and premature, low income (n=21). Infants were filmed in a free play situation with their mothers, and the results were scored using the CARE Index. By means of multinomial regression analysis, social economic status (SES) was found to be the best predictor of maternal sensitivity and infant cooperative behavior within a set of medical and social factors. Contrary to the expectations of the cumulative risk perspective, two factors of risk (premature birth together with low SES) were as negative for mother–infant interaction as low SES solely. In this study, as previous studies have shown, maternal sensitivity and infant cooperative behavior were highly correlated, as was maternal control with infant compliance. Our results further indicate that, when maternal lack of responsiveness is high, the infant displays passive behavior, whereas when the maternal lack of responsiveness is medium, the infant displays difficult behavior. Indeed, our findings suggest that, in these cases, the link between types of maternal and infant interactive behavior is more dependent on the degree of maternal lack of responsiveness than it is on birth status or SES. The results will be discussed under a developmental and evolutionary reasoning

A multifactor approach to the social discount rate

This work focuses on the appraisal of public and environmental projects and, more specifically, on the calculation of the social discount rate (SDR) for this kind of very long-term investment projects. As a rule, we can state that the instantaneous discount rate must be equal to the hazard rate of the public good or to the mortality rate of the population that the project is intended to. The hazard can be due to technical failures of the system, but, in this paper, we are going to consider different independent variables that can cause the hazard. That is, we are going to consider a multivariate hazard rate. In our empirical application, the Spanish forest surface will be the system and the forest fire will be the fail that can be caused by several factors. The aim of this work is to integrate the different variables that produce the fail in the calculation of the SDR from a multivariate hazard rate approach.

Perspetivas das educadoras de infância de uma instituição particular de solidariedade social sobre o contributo da colaboração para o seu desenvolvimento profissional

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Ciências da Educação, especialidade em Supervisão em Educação

A responsabilidade social do auditor perante a fraude

Mestrado em Auditoria

A responsabilidade social e ética nas organizações: estudo de caso na indústria farmacêutica

Mestrado em Contabilidade

Psychosocial factors as predictors of quality of life in chronic portuguese patients

Background - Chronic illnesses are diseases of long duration and generally of slow progression. They cause significant quality of life impairment. The aim of this study was to analyse psychosocial predictors of quality of life and of subjective well-being in chronic Portuguese patients. Methods - Chronic disease patients (n = 774) were recruited from central Portuguese Hospitals. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires assessing socio-demographic, clinical, psychosocial and outcome variables: quality of life (HRQL) and subjective well-being (SWB). MANCOVA analyses were used to test psychosocial factors as determinants of HRQL and SWB. Results - After controlling for socio-demographic and clinical variables, results showed that dispositional optimism, positive affect, spirituality, social support and treatment adherence are significant predictors of HRQL and SWB. Similar predictors of quality of life, such as positive affect, treatment adherence and spirituality, were found for subgroups of disease classified by medical condition. Conclusions - The work identifies psychosocial factors associated with quality of life. The predictors for the entire group of different chronic diseases are similar to the ones found in different chronic disease subgroups: positive affect, social support, treatment adherence and spirituality. Patients with more positive affect, additional social support, an adequate treatment adherence and a feel-good spirituality, felt better with the disease conditions and consequently had a better quality of life. This study contributes to understanding and improving the processes associated with quality of life, which is relevant for health care providers and chronic diseases support.

Ética e responsabilidade social das empresas cotadas da EURONEXT Lisboa (2008-2012)

Mestrado em Contabilidade

A divulgação da responsabilidade social empresarial nas empresas do PSI Geral da Euronext Lisboa (2012-2013): relatórios de sustentabilidade vs. divulgação online

Mestrado em Contabilidade