Da comunicação popular

As manifestações públicas de cultura popular têm sido abordadas por diferentes áreas do conhecimento (antropologia, sociologia, história, etnografia e outras), mas as ciências da comunicação têm-lhes dado relativamente menos atenção. Do estudo de festas populares, sobretudo na investigação literária da sua matriz religiosa, passamos à investigação e à análise dos processos comunicacionais destas manifestações. O encontro com uma nova área das ciências da comunicação, a folkcomunicação, foi decisivo para a opção por paradigmas e instrumentos de análise que nos têm apoiado na investigação em curso sobre comunicação popular. Este texto tem como principal objectivo apresentar a origem e a evolução desta teoria comunicacional, Folkcomunicação, teoria inspirada na Escola de Chicago. Trata-se de um artigo teórico/conceptual, resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica e análise do Estado da Arte em relação à cultura popular e à folkcomunicação.

Da comunicação popular

As manifestações públicas de cultura popular têm sido abordadas por diferentes áreas do conhecimento (antropologia, sociologia, história, etnografia e outras), mas as ciências da comunicação têm-lhes dado relativamente menos atenção. Do estudo de festas populares, sobretudo na investigação literária da sua matriz religiosa, passámos à investigação e à análise dos processos comunicacionais destas manifestações. O encontro com uma nova área das ciências da comunicação, a folkcomunicação, foi decisivo para a opção por paradigmas e instrumentos de análise que nos têm apoiado na investigação em curso sobre comunicação popular. Este texto tem como principal objectivo apresentar a origem e a evolução desta teoria comunicacional, Folkcomunicação, teoria inspirada na Escola de Chicago. Trata-se de um artigo teórico/conceptual, resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica e análise do Estado da Arte em relação à cultura popular e à folkcomunicação.

General Insights into Word Choice in Business Communication

Words are the smallest units of messages. Attention should be given to each word used to be sure it is the most effective one. An effective word is one that the receiver will understand and that will elicit the wanted response. The ability to choose words by (a) using a dictionary and a thesaurus and (b) following some of the principles of business communication described in this text can be improved.

Digital radiology and Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)

Plain radiography still accounts for the vast majority of imaging studies that are performed at multiple clinical instances. Digital detectors are now prominent in many imaging facilities and they are the main driving force towards filmless environments. There has been a working paradigm shift due to the functional separation of acquisition, visualization, and storage with deep impact in the imaging workflows. Moreover with direct digital detectors images are made available almost immediately. Digital radiology is now completely integrated in Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) environments governed by the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard. In this chapter a brief overview of PACS architectures and components is presented together with a necessarily brief account of the DICOM standard. Special focus is given to the DICOM digital radiology objects and how specific attributes may now be used to improve and increase the metadata repository associated with image data. Regular scrutiny of the metadata repository may serve as a valuable tool for improved, cost-effective, and multidimensional quality control procedures.

Communication: The criticality of self-assembled rigid rods on triangular lattices

The criticality of self-assembled rigid rods on triangular lattices is investigated using Monte Carlo simulation. We find a continuous transition between an ordered phase, where the rods are oriented along one of the three (equivalent) lattice directions, and a disordered one. We conclude that equilibrium polydispersity of the rod lengths does not affect the critical behavior, as we found that the criticality is the same as that of monodisperse rodson the same lattice, in contrast with the results of recently published work on similar models. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3556665]

Side information creation for efficient Wyner-Ziv video coding: Classifying and reviewing

Video coding technologies have played a major role in the explosion of large market digital video applications and services. In this context, the very popular MPEG-x and H-26x video coding standards adopted a predictive coding paradigm, where complex encoders exploit the data redundancy and irrelevancy to 'control' much simpler decoders. This codec paradigm fits well applications and services such as digital television and video storage where the decoder complexity is critical, but does not match well the requirements of emerging applications such as visual sensor networks where the encoder complexity is more critical. The Slepian Wolf and Wyner-Ziv theorems brought the possibility to develop the so-called Wyner-Ziv video codecs, following a different coding paradigm where it is the task of the decoder, and not anymore of the encoder, to (fully or partly) exploit the video redundancy. Theoretically, Wyner-Ziv video coding does not incur in any compression performance penalty regarding the more traditional predictive coding paradigm (at least for certain conditions). In the context of Wyner-Ziv video codecs, the so-called side information, which is a decoder estimate of the original frame to code, plays a critical role in the overall compression performance. For this reason, much research effort has been invested in the past decade to develop increasingly more efficient side information creation methods. This paper has the main objective to review and evaluate the available side information methods after proposing a classification taxonomy to guide this review, allowing to achieve more solid conclusions and better identify the next relevant research challenges. After classifying the side information creation methods into four classes, notably guess, try, hint and learn, the review of the most important techniques in each class and the evaluation of some of them leads to the important conclusion that the side information creation methods provide better rate-distortion (RD) performance depending on the amount of temporal correlation in each video sequence. It became also clear that the best available Wyner-Ziv video coding solutions are almost systematically based on the learn approach. The best solutions are already able to systematically outperform the H.264/AVC Intra, and also the H.264/AVC zero-motion standard solutions for specific types of content. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A comunicação nos Hospitais Públicos Portugueses: uma questão de excelência

Os Hospitais são organizações extraordinariamente complicadas, representando uma das formas mais complexas de organização humana. Desempenham, igualmente, um papel inquestionável e essencial para a sociedade – a prestação dos cuidados de saúde, mas também a promoção, prevenção e protecção da mesma. Ao contrário do que se pensa, a compreensão da necessidade de desenvolvimento de departamentos de comunicação organizacional no seio das instituições de saúde públicas não é só uma realidade nos países anglo-saxónicos. Na realidade um pouco por toda a Europa a consciencialização sobre o valor intrínseco da comunicação organizacional e institucional para o melhor desempenho das unidades de saúde é já uma questão de facto ao contrário do que parece continuar a acontecer em Portugal. Esta investigação tem como objectivo por um lado a caracterização das estruturas de comunicação existentes nos hospitais públicos portugueses e por outro lado, evidenciar as áreas que são mais privilegiadas por estas estruturas. É importante num momento de mudança em termos de políticas públicas de saúde, a clarificação do papel dos departamentos de comunicação no seio das unidades hospitalares colocando-os enquanto órgãos estratégicos no desenvolvimento e na prossecução dos objectivos das instituições.

Vloguers brasileiros e portugueses: sobre o que vlogam as principais estrelas da internet

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Audiovisual e Multimédia.

A biosignal embedded system for physiological computing

Thesis submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master in Electronic and Telecomunications Engineering

Brincadeira: marcos temporais e memória

A brincadeira, expressão maior das culturas lúdicas da infância e do saber popular infantil que colora o folclore das crianças e que entre elas constitui prática singular, tem marcos temporais indeléveis que lhe (de)marcaram um tempo e que a memória guardou para sempre. A linearidade que, durante quase todo o tempo antes da chegada da TV, a brincadeira transportou, a revolução das suas práticas que a partir daí se operou e acentuou com a chegada das novas tecnologias da comunicação e informação à vida das crianças e a consequente transformação radical do seu habitus lúdico (da rua para casa e daqui para o quarto) balizam eras distintas de tempos sociais paralelas às que ditaram, consequentemente, a transformação que as artes de e para brincar foram, historicamente, sofrendo. Ao resgatar a brincadeira pela voz das crianças, muitas das vezes expressa pela voz dos adultos que hoje são, faz-se o registo, que neste artigo se guarda, de um pedaço da herança cultural lúdica que foi passando entre as quatro gerações que estudamos qualitativamente a partir de entrevistas grupais feitas em contexto familiar, que serviram de base para o que a seguir fica relatado. A brincadeira e a parafernália que a acompanha fazem parte da história de vida de todos nós e, por isso, a cada um cabe velar para que nunca pereça.

Cultural organizations and communication in portuguese decentralization policy

This paper intends to show the Portuguese municipalities’ commitment, since the first decade of this century, in cultural facilities of municipal management and how it provided 12 of the 18 district capitals of mainland Portugal with cultural equipment, but after all we want to know if this effort resulted in a regular, diverse, and innovative schedule. Investing in urban regeneration, local governments have tried to convert cities’ demographic changes (strengthening of the most educated and professionally qualified groups) in effective cultural demands that consolidate the three axes of development competitiveness-innovation-creativity. What the empirical study to the programming and communication proposals of those equipment shows is that it is not enough to provide cities with facilities; to escape to a utilitarian conception of culture, there is a whole work to be done so that such equipment be experienced and felt as new public sphere. Equipment in which proposals go through a fluid bind, constructed through space and discourse with local community, devoted a diversified and innovative bet full filling development axis. This paper presents in a systematic way what contributes to this binding on the analyzed equipment.

Cultural organizations and communication in portuguese decentralization policy

This presentation intends to show to what extent the Portuguese municipalities’ commitment, from the first decade of this century, in cultural facilities of municipal management and which has provided 12 of the 18 district capitals of mainland Portugal with equipment, resulted in a regular, diverse and innovative schedule. Investing in urban regeneration, local government has tried to convert cities’ demographic changes (strengthening of the most educated and professionally qualified groups) in effective cultural demands that consolidate the three axes of development competitiveness-innovation-creativity. What the empirical study to the programming and communication proposals of those equipment shows is that it is not enough to provide cities with facilities; to escape to a utilitarian conception of culture, there is a whole work to be done so that such equipment be experienced and felt as new public sphere. Equipment in which proposals go through a fluid bind, constructed through space and discourse with local community, devotes a diversified and innovative bet full filling development axis. This paper presents in a systematic way what contributes to this binding on the analyzed equipment.

How new online communication tools and the availability of content influence the audiences and the creative process

We live in a changing world. At an impressive speed, every day new technological resources appear. We increasingly use the Internet to obtain and share information, and new online communication tools are emerging. Each of them encompasses new potential and creates new audiences. In recent years, we witnessed the emergence of Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and other media platforms. They have provided us with an even greater interactivity between sender and receiver, as well as generated a new sense of community. At the same time we also see the availability of content like it never happened before. We are increasingly sharing texts, videos, photos, etc. This poster intends to explore the potential of using these new online communication tools in the cultural sphere to create new audiences, to develop of a new kind of community, to provide information as well as different ways of building organizations’ memory. The transience of performing arts is accompanied by the need to counter that transience by means of documentation. This desire to ‘save’ events reaches its expression with the information archive of the different production moments as well as the opportunity to record the event and present it through, for instance, digital platforms. In this poster we intend to answer the following questions: which online communication tools are being used to engage audiences in the cultural sphere (specifically between theater companies in Lisbon)? Is there a new relationship with the public? Are online communication tools creating a new kind of community? What changes are these tools introducing in the creative process? In what way the availability of content and its archive contribute to the organization memory? Among several references, we will approach the two-way communication model that James E. Grunig & Todd T. Hunt (1984) already presented and the concept of mass self-communication of Manuel Castells (2010). Castells also tells us that we have moved from traditional media to a system of communication networks. For Scott Kirsner (2010), we have entered an era of digital creativity, where artists have the tools to do what they imagined and the public no longer wants to just consume cultural goods, but instead to have a voice and participate. The creativity process is now depending on the public choice as they wander through the screen. It is the receiver who owns an object which can be exchanged. Virtual reality has encouraged the receiver to abandon its position of passive observer and to become a participant agent, which implies a challenge to organizations: inventing new forms of interfaces. Therefore, we intend to find new and effective online tools that can be used by cultural organizations; the best way to manage them; to show how organizations can create a community with the public and how the availability of online content and its archive can contribute to the organizations’ memory.

Loas a María: religiosidad popular en Portugal

El trabajo de la profesora Lucília José Justino supone a todas luces una contribución en un género textual poco estudiado desde una perspectiva textual, como son la Loas a Nuestra Senora de Nazaré. in Prefácio, Eloy Martos Núnez

Loas a Maria: religiosidade popular em Portugal

Lucília José Justino dedicou-se, com um fervor que não exclui o rigor - antes pelo contrário, o fortalece - a uma fecunda recolha de loas a Nossa Senhora que, só por si tornaria este livro precioso. Mas vai mais longe: estuda-as. O seu objectivo confessado é estudar as loas a Nossa Senhora da Nazaré, Círio da Prata Grande ou dos Saloios, do século XVIII ao século XXI. in Prefácio, Teresa Rita Lopes