Serum trace elements in dysphagic gastrostomy candidates before endoscopic gastrostomy for long term enteral feeding

Background & aims - Patients who underwent endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) present protein-energy malnutrition, but little is known about Trace Elements (TE), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Selenium (Se), Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr). Our aim was the evaluation of serum TE in patients who underwent PEG and its relationship with serum proteins, BMI and nature of underlying disorder. Methods - A prospective observational study was performed collecting: patient's age, gender, underlying disorder, NRS-2002, BMI, serum albumin, transferrin and TE concentration. We used ferrozine colorimetric method for Fe; Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy for Zn/Cu; Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Se/Cr. The patients were divided into head and neck cancer (HNC) and neurological dysphagia (ND). Results - 146 patients (89 males), 21–95 years: HNC-56; ND-90. Low BMI in 78. Low values mostly for Zn (n = 122) and Fe (n = 69), but less for Se (n = 31), Cu (n = 16), Cr (n = 7); low albumin in 77, low transferrin in 94 and 66 with both proteins low. Significant differences between the groups of underlying disease only for Zn (t140.326 = −2,642, p < 0.01) and a correlation between proteins and TE respectively albumin and Zn (r = 0.197, p = 0.025), and albumin and Fe (r = 0.415, p = 0.000). Conclusions - When gastrostomy was performed, patients display low serum TE namely Zn, but also Fe, less striking regarding others TE. It was related with prolonged fasting, whatever the underlying disease. Low proteins were associated with low TE. Teams taking care of PEG-patients should use Zn supplementation and include other TE evaluation as part of the nutritional assessment of PEG candidates.

Serum copper evolution in patients that underwent endoscopic gastrostomy for long term enteral feeding

Background and aims: Copper (Cu) is a well studied trace element but little is known about Cu evolution in long term endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding. We aimed to evaluate the evolution serum Cu since the gastrostomy until 12 weeks after the procedure in PEG patients fed with homemade meals. Methods: A prospective observational study was performed evaluating serum copper, albumin, transferrin and body mass index (BMI) at the time of the gastrostomy, 4 weeks and 12 weeks after. Data also included age, gender, NRS 2002 and nature of the underlying disease causing dysphagia: head and neck cancer (HNC) or neurological dysphagia (ND). After gastrostomy, patients were fed with homemade PEG meals. Results: One hundred and forty-six patients enrolled, 89 men, aged 21-95 years, 90 with neurologic dysphagia (ND), and 56 with head and neck cancer (HNC). 78 (53%) showed low BMI. Initially, Cu ranged 42-160 μg/dl (normal: 70-140 μg/dl); 130 patients (89%) presented normal Cu, 16 (11%) presented hypocupremia, 53% low albumin (n = 77), and 94 (65%) low transferrin. After 4 weeks, 93% presented normal Cu, 7% presented hypocupremia, low albumin was present in 34%, and low transferrin in 52%. After 12 weeks, 95% presented normal Cu, 5% presented hypocupremia, low albumin was present in 25%, and low transferrin in 32%. Comparing age, gender, underlying disease, BMI, albumin and transferrin, there were no significant differences on serum Cu. Conclusions: Most patients present normal serum Cu when gastrostomy is performed. For patients presenting hypocupremia before gastrostomy, homemade meals are effective for normalizing serum Cu.

Anuário Científico – 2002 Resumos de Artigos, Comunicações, Teses e Livros

O Conselho Cientifico do Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa dá continuidade à publicação do Anuário Científico do ISEL com esta edição relativa ao ano de 2002. Os trabalhos científicos, artigos, comunicações, teses e livros, cujos resumos integram este Anuário Científico são reveladores do entrosamento do nosso corpo docente com a comunidade científica (académica e de investigação) e são um indicador da qualidade do trabalho científico e de investigação realizado. A investigação é uma das obrigações da academia. Esta actividade, por envolver o desconhecido e a procura de soluções inéditas, não se coaduna com a imposição de limitações, especialmente quando estas são artificiais. Todos aqueles que para o trabalho de investigação possuam competência devem, em nosso entender, ser estimulados a dar o seu contributo para o desenvolvimento da sociedade. No âmbito do ensino da engenharia, estamos certos que as alterações legislativas em curso no nosso país, se forem orientadas no sentido do incremento da qualidade, terão em conta o real valor de cada instituição e saberão aproveitar o potencial humano, científico e tecnológico do Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, quebrando o actual espartilho legal, cerceador de parte da actividade de I&D, que inibe, presentemente, a concessão dos graus académicos de Mestre e Doutor. É nosso entendimento que a faculdade de atribuição, pelas instituições de ensino superior, dos graus de pós-graduação deve ser estabelecida com base em critérios, universais e predefinidos, afiançadoras das competências específicas e garantes da qualidade dos resultados.