Approximate entropy normalized measures for analyzing social neurobiological systems

When considering time series data of variables describing agent interactions in social neurobiological systems, measures of regularity can provide a global understanding of such system behaviors. Approximate entropy (ApEn) was introduced as a nonlinear measure to assess the complexity of a system behavior by quantifying the regularity of the generated time series. However, ApEn is not reliable when assessing and comparing the regularity of data series with short or inconsistent lengths, which often occur in studies of social neurobiological systems, particularly in dyadic human movement systems. Here, the authors present two normalized, nonmodified measures of regularity derived from the original ApEn, which are less dependent on time series length. The validity of the suggested measures was tested in well-established series (random and sine) prior to their empirical application, describing the dyadic behavior of athletes in team games. The authors consider one of the ApEn normalized measures to generate the 95th percentile envelopes that can be used to test whether a particular social neurobiological system is highly complex (i.e., generates highly unpredictable time series). Results demonstrated that suggested measures may be considered as valid instruments for measuring and comparing complexity in systems that produce time series with inconsistent lengths.

A cellulose liquid crystal motor: a steam engine of the second kind

The salient feature of liquid crystal elastomers and networks is strong coupling between orientational order and mechanical strain. Orientational order can be changed by a wide variety of stimuli, including the presence of moisture. Changes in the orientation of constituents give rise to stresses and strains, which result in changes in sample shape. We have utilized this effect to build soft cellulose-based motor driven by humidity. The motor consists of a circular loop of cellulose film, which passes over two wheels. When humid air is present near one of the wheels on one side of the film, with drier air elsewhere, rotation of the wheels results. As the wheels rotate, the humid film dries. The motor runs so long as the difference in humidity is maintained. Our cellulose liquid crystal motor thus extracts mechanical work from a difference in humidity.

Emulação de um motor de combustão interna através de um acionamento eletromecânico de velocidade variável utilizando um motor de indução trifásico

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica Ramo de Energia

Contribuição para a adaptação e validação da versão portuguesa da Motor Assessment Scale

Introdução: A Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) tem mostrado ser um instrumento válido e fidedigno na avaliação do progresso clínico de indivíduos que sofreram um Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC). Objectivos: Traduzir e adaptar a MAS à realidade portuguesa e contribuir para a validação da versão portuguesa, avaliando a sua consistência interna. Metodologia: Após um processo de tradução, revisão por peritos, retroversão e comparação com a versão original, obteve-se a versão portuguesa da MAS. Procedeu-se a um estudo correlacional transversal para avaliação da consistência interna; a amostra final incluiu 30 sujeitos, 16 do sexo masculino e 14 do sexo feminino, com idades entre os 42 e 85 anos (média de 64±11,85 anos), com hemiparésia ou hemiplegia decorrente de AVC e que realizavam fisioterapia em um de 6 Hospitais seleccionados por conveniência; a média do tempo de diagnóstico foi de 306±1322,82 dias e do tempo de fisioterapia foi de 47±57,57 dias. Resultados: Obteve-se uma média de 24±14,51 pontos nas pontuações totais e um coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach de 0,939, sem a exclusão de qualquer item; as correlações inter item variaram entre 0,395 e 0,916. Conclusões: Apesar da reduzida amostra e da sua heterogeneidade nas características e pontuações da escala, a Versão Portuguesa da MAS apresentou uma forte consistência interna, verificando-se que os itens estão, na sua maioria, muito correlacionados entre si, o que sustenta a adequação de cada item e apoia que, de forma geral, esta escala tem uma concepção lógica e estruturada.

Controlo de velocidade e monitorização de um motor de indução trifásico suportados em microcontrolador

O bom desempenho dos motores de indução trifásicos, ao nível do binário, em velocidades de funcionamento abaixo da velocidade nominal, faz deles uma boa opção para realizar o controlo de velocidade nesta gama de velocidades. Actualmente, com o rápido avanço da electrónica de potência é mais acessível a implementação de dispositivos que permitam variar a velocidade dos motores de indução trifásicos, contribuindo para que estas máquinas sejam cada vez mais utilizadas em accionamentos de velocidade variável. Este trabalho tem como objectivo o estudo prático da utilização da técnica de controlo escalar por variação simultânea da tensão e frequência (V/f) no accionamento do motor de indução trifásico. Para o efeito, foi implementado um conversor de potência compacto do tipo ondulador de tensão trifásico. Os sinais de comando para o conversor, que utilizam a modulação por largura de impulso, são gerados por um microcontrolador, que para além das capacidades normais de um dispositivo desse tipo, pemite ainda o processamento digital de sinal. O microcontrolador permite ainda a monitorização da velocidade de rotação do motor e da corrente no motor. A análise do desempenho do sistema incide essencialmente sobre o controlo da velocidade de rotação do motor, tendo sido criadas várias condições de funcionamento, com diferentes inclinações das rampas de aceleração e desaceleração.

Information and investor behavior surrounding earnings announcements

Preliminary version

A falha como motor de criação: ensaio sobre A.I.M. (ensaio longo que enquadra e justifica o objecto performativo A.I.M.)

Este projecto basear-se-á na descrição da exploração do universo da falha como um motor de criação. Para tal, foi tomado como ponto de partida as dificuldades inerentes à dislexia. Será também descrito de forma pormenorizada o tempo passado juntamente com a companhia Les Ballets C . de la B. Incluirá igualmente um diário de bordo com a descrição detalhada do projecto A.I.M.

Ressonância magnética funcional: mapeamento do córtex motor através da técnica BOLD

A ressonância magnética funcional (RMf) é hoje uma ferramenta fundamental na investigação funcional do cérebro humano, quer em indivíduos saudáveis quer em pacientes com patologias diversas. É uma técnica complexa que necessita de uma aplicação cuidada e rigorosa, e uma compreensão dos mecanismos biofísicos a ela subjacentes, de modo a serem obtidos resultados fiáveis e com melhor aceitação clínica. O efeito BOLD (Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent) é o método mais utilizado para medir e estudar a actividade cerebral e baseia-se nas alterações das propriedades magnéticas da molécula hemoglobina. Com este Projecto propomo-nos optimizar um protocolo de RMf realizada com o efeito BOLD, em voluntários saudáveis, de modo a que este possa ser aplicado em futuros estudos de pacientes com patologias. ABSTRACT - Nowadays functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a fundamental tool for the research of human brain function of healthy subjects or patients with several pathologies. It is a complex technique that requires a careful and rigorous application, and an understanding of its biophysical mechanisms, so that reliable results can be obtained with better clinical acceptance. The BOLD effect (Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent) is the most widely used method to measure and study the brain activity and its based on changes in magnetic properties of the hemoglobin molecule. The aim of this project was to optimize a BOLD fMRI protocol on healthy subjects, so it can be applied in future studies of patients with pathologies.

Ageing effects on the wettability behavior of laser textured silicon

In the present work we investigate the ageing of acid cleaned femtosecond laser textured < 100 > silicon surfaces. Changes in the surface structure and chemistry were analysed by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in order to explain the variation with time of the water contact angles of the laser textured surfaces. It is shown that highly hydrophobic silicon surfaces are obtained immediately after laser texturing and cleaning with acid solutions (water contact angle >120 degrees). However these surfaces are not stable and ageing leads to a decrease of the water contact angle which reaches a value of 80 degrees. XPS analysis of the surfaces shows that the growth of the native oxide layer is most probably responsible for this behavior. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Syntheses, Molecular Structures, Electrochemical Behavior, Theoretical Study, and Antitumor Activities of Organotin(IV) Complexes Containing 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-cyclopentanecarboxylato Ligands

The organotin(IV) compounds [Me2Sn(L)(2)] (1), [Et(2)sn(L)(2)] (2), [(Bu2Sn)-Bu-n(L)(2)] (3), [(n)Oct(2)Sn(L)(2)] (4), [Ph2Sn(L)(2)] (5), and [PhOSnL](6) (6) have been synthesized from the reactions of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (HL) with the corresponding diorganotin(IV) oxide or dichloride. They were characterized by IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopies, elemental analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and, for 2, 3, 4 and 6, single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. While 1-5 are mononuclear diorganotin (IV) compounds, the X-ray diffraction of 6 discloses a hexameric drumlike structure with a prismatic Sn6O6 core. All these complexes undergo irreversible reductions and were screened for their in vitro antitumor activities toward HL-60, BGC-823, Bel-7402, and KB human cancer cell lines. Within the mononuclear compounds, the most active ones (3, 5) are easiest to reduce (least cathodic reduction potentials), while the least active ones (1, 4) are the most difficult to reduce. Structural rearrangements (i.e., Sn-O bond cleavages and trans-to-cis isomerization) induced by reduction, which eventually can favor the bioactivity, are disclosed by theoretical/electrochemical studies.

Py-GC/MS(FID) assessed behavior of polysaccharides during kraft delignification of Eucalyptus globulus heartwood and sapwood

Eucalyptus globulus heartwood, sapwood and their delignified samples by kraft pulping at 130, 150 and 170 degrees C along time were characterized in respect to total carbohydrates by Py-GC/MS(FID). No significant differences between heartwood and sapwood were found in relation to pyrolysis products and composition. The main wood carbohydrate derived pyrolysis compounds were levoglucosan (25.1%), hydroxyacetaldehyde (12.5%), 2-oxo-propanal (10.3%) and acetic acid (8.7%). Levoglucosan decreased during the early stages of delignification and increased during the bulk and residual phases. Acetic acid decreased hydroxyacetaldehyde and 2-oxo-propanal increased, and 2-furaldehyde and hydroxypropanone remained almost constant during delignification. The C/L ratio was 3.2 in wood and remained rather constant in the first pulping periods until a loss of 15-25% in carbohydrate and 60% in lignin. Afterwards it increased sharply until 44 that correspond to the removal of 25-35% of carbohydrates and 95% of lignin. The pulping reactive selectivity to lignin vs. polysaccharides was the same for sapwood and heartwood. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Sensorless PMDC Motor Speed Controller with a Logical Overcurrent Protection

A method to control the speed or the torque of a permanent-magnet direct current motor is presented. The rotor speed and the external torque estimation are simultaneously provided by appropriate observers. The sensorless control scheme is based on current measurement and switching states of power devices. The observer’s performances are dependent on the accurate machine parameters knowledge. Sliding mode control approach was adopted for drive control, providing the suitable switching states to the chopper power devices. Despite the predictable chattering, a convenient first order switching function was considered enough to define the sliding surface and to correspond with the desired control specifications and drive performance. The experimental implementation was supported on a single dsPIC and the controller includes a logic overcurrent protection.

Measuring spatial interaction behavior in team sports using superimposed Voronoi diagrams

In team sports, the spatial distribution of players on the field is determined by the interaction behavior established at both player and team levels. The distribution patterns observed during a game emerge from specific technical and tactical methods adopted by the teams, and from individual, environmental and task constraints that influence players' behaviour. By understanding how specific patterns of spatial interaction are formed, one can characterize the behavior of the respective teams and players. Thus, in the present work we suggest a novel spatial method for describing teams' spatial interaction behaviour, which results from superimposing the Voronoi diagrams of two competing teams. We considered theoretical patterns of spatial distribution in a well-defined scenario (5 vs 4+ GK played in a field of 20x20m) in order to generate reference values of the variables derived from the superimposed Voronoi diagrams (SVD). These variables were tested in a formal application to empirical data collected from 19 Futsal trials with identical playing settings. Results suggest that it is possible to identify a number of characteristics that can be used to describe players' spatial behavior at different levels, namely the defensive methods adopted by the players.

Synthesis, characterization, electrochemical behavior and in vitro protein tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity of the cymene-halogenobenzohydroxamato [Ru(eta(6)-cymene)(bha)Cl] complexes

The ruthenium(II)-cymene complexes [Ru(eta(6)-cymene)(bha)Cl] with substituted halogenobenzohydroxamato (bha) ligands (substituents = 4-F, 4-Cl, 4-Br, 2,4-F-2, 3,4-F-2, 2,5-F-2, 2,6-F-2) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential electrolysis, and density functional theory (DFT) studies. The compositions of their frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) were established by DFT calculations, and the oxidation and reduction potentials are shown to follow the orders of the estimated vertical ionization potential and electron affinity, respectively. The electrochemical E-L Lever parameter is estimated for the first time for the various bha ligands, which can thus be ordered according to their electron-donor character. All complexes exhibit very strong protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitory activity, even much higher than that of genistein, the clinically used PTK inhibitory drug. The complex containing the 2,4-difluorobenzohydroxamato ligand is the most active one, and the dependences of the PTK activity of the complexes and of their redox potentials on the ring substituents are discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Contributo do iPad® para o desenvolvimento de crianças com necessidades educativas especiais

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação, Especialidade Intervenção Precoce