Transport properties in microcrystalline silicon solar cells under AM1.5 illumination analysed by two-dimensional numerical simulation

Microcrystalline silicon is a two-phase material. Its composition can be interpreted as a series of grains of crystalline silicon imbedded in an amorphous silicon tissue, with a high concentration of dangling bonds in the transition regions. In this paper, results for the transport properties of a mu c-Si:H p-i-n junction obtained by means of two-dimensional numerical simulation are reported. The role played by the boundary regions between the crystalline grains and the amorphous matrix is taken into account and these regions are treated similar to a heterojunction interface. The device is analysed under AM1.5 illumination and the paper outlines the influence of the local electric field at the grain boundary transition regions on the internal electric configuration of the device and on the transport mechanism within the mu c-Si:H intrinsic layer.

Deformação miocárdica em atletas de diferentes modalidades – Um estudo por 2D Speckle Tracking: projecto de investigação

Mestrado em Tecnologia de Diagnóstico e Intervenção Cardiovascular. Área de Especialização: Ultrassonografia Cardiovascular

Comparison of indoor and outdoor fungi and particles in poultry units

A descriptive study was developed in order to compare indoor and outdoor air contamination caused by fungi and particles in seven poultry units. Twenty eight air samples of 25 litters were collected through the impaction method on malt extract agar. Air sampling and particles concentration measurement were done in the interior and also outside premises of the poultries’ pavilions. Regarding the fungal load in the air, indoor concentration of mold was higher than outside air in six poultry units. Twenty eight species / genera of fungi were identified indoor, being Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (40.5%) the most commonly isolated species and Rhizopus sp. (30.0%) the most commonly isolated genus. Concerning outdoor, eighteen species/genera of fungi were isolated, being Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (62.6%) also the most isolated. All the poultry farms analyzed presented indoor fungi different from the ones identified outdoors. Regarding particles’ contamination, PM2.5, PM5.0 and PM10 had a statistically significant difference (Mann-Whitney U test) between the inside and outside of the pavilions, with the inside more contaminated (p=.006; p=.005; p=.005, respectively). The analyzed poultry units are potential reservoirs of substantial amounts of fungi and particles and could therefore free them in the atmospheric air. The developed study showed that indoor air was more contaminated than outdoors, and this can result in emission of potentially pathogenic fungi and particles via aerosols from poultry units to the environment, which may post a considerable risk to public health and contribute to environmental pollution.

Análise das implicações para a saúde humana do uso das nanotecnologias

As nanotecnologias representam um importante potencial para a promoção da qualidade de vida e da competitividade industrial na Europa. Um material com nanodimensões tem uma relação superfície/volume que vai alterar as suas propriedades físicas, químicas, ópticas e magnéticas do material e fazer com que este reaja de maneira diferente e de uma forma desconhecida com os organismos e o ambiente. As nanopartículas são capazes de entrar facilmente no organismo através da pele, pulmões e capazes de originar efeitos no ambiente a nível de água, solo e ar. A nível de saúde muitos dos estudos são projectados como uma analogia à exposição humana ao quartzo, e ao amianto, e também no que concerne à poluição do ar e aplicações médicas (fármacos) com nanopartículas. Relativamente ao ambiente, existem ainda poucos estudos, mas ainda assim, surgem certas evidências que relatam, que dependendo das características e tipos de interacção dos nanomateriais com ecossistemas poderá ocorrer entre outros, retenção dos mesmos no ambiente. A investigação é ainda diminuta, fornecendo poucas evidências, no entanto, existem factos e resultados indicadores de que os efeitos na saúde e ambiente poderão ser prejudicais. A prevenção da doença e do ambiente deverão ser salvaguardadas e serem objecto de intervenções prioritárias. O conhecimento das relações existentes entre nanopartículas emitidas para o ar e a saúde humana, em diferentes condições ambientais, é de importância primordial para melhorar as estimativas de exposição, assim como para o desenvolvimento de estratégias eficientes de controlo para reduzir a exposição humana, os riscos sobre a saúde, e, também para estabelecer, avaliar e melhorar os regulamentos e a legislação relativa à qualidade do ar, emissões e a utilização de nanomateriais em produtos de consumo corrente.

Travelling to India: Eliza Fay’s narrative account of her voyages

Eliza Fay’s Original Letters from India (1817), initially sold to the Calcutta Gazette to pay off her debts, aroused the curiosity and interest of Edward M. Forster, while he was doing research for his best-selling novel, A Passage to India. In his own words, “Eliza Fay is a work of art.” (apud Fay 7) The value of E. Fay’s travelogue, comprising not one, but three voyages to India (in 1779, 1784, 1796) can be easily explained if we take into account the scope of its geographical coverage, the hardships of its historical context (the political chaos brought about by the fall of the Mughal empire and the consolidation of the British rule in the Indian subcontinent) and the heroism of the first person-narrator that emerges behind the descriptive sketches and the scenes of adversity and imminent danger. Thus the current analysis will focus on the E. Fay’s adventurous mode of narrating, e.g., the discursive situatedness of the traveller visà- vis the Other(s) (European and non-European peoples and loci) and the constraints imposed by the patriarchal idealization of the domestic Woman and their alleged feebleness.