Stacked pin Devices for Imaging Applications

In this paper we present results on the optimization of device architectures for colour and imaging applications, using a device with a TCO/pinpi'n/TCO configuration. The effect of the applied voltage on the color selectivity is discussed. Results show that the spectral response curves demonstrate rather good separation between the red, green and blue basic colors. Combining the information obtained under positive and negative applied bias a colour image is acquired without colour filters or pixel architecture. A low level image processing algorithm is used for the colour image reconstruction.

Optimization studies through simulation of a methanol/water/glycerol distillation column

This paper presents an optimization study of a distillation column for methanol and aqueous glycerol separation in a biodiesel production plant. Considering the available physical data of the column configuration, a steady state model was built for the column using Aspen-HYSYS as process simulator. Several sensitivity analysis were performed in order to better understand the relation between the variables of the distillation process. With the information obtained by the simulator, it is possible to define the best range for some operational variables that maintain composition of the desired product under specifications and choose operational conditions to minimize energy consumptions.

Avaliação da dose glandular média (MGD) em três sistemas mamográficos

Este estudo tem por objectivos determinar a Dose Glandular Média - Mean Glandular Dose (MGD) - em 3 sistemas de Mamografia e comparar os valores obtidos com os referenciais internacionais. O estudo foi realizado num sistema analógico de Écran-Película (EP) e em dois sistemas de imagem digital (CR e DR). Foi efectuado o cálculo da Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK) e da MGD em três equipamentos a partir de uma amostra de dados referentes a 30 mulheres assintomáticas, com idades compreendidas entre os 40 e 64 anos. Em cada equipamento objecto de análise, foram recolhidos os dados referentes a 10 mulheres. Foram consideradas as projecções crânio-caudal (CC) e oblíqua médio-lateral (MLO). A análise de resultados revelou que o valor de MGD varia quando se compara os três sistemas. Nas incidências CC os valores de MGD obtidos foram de 1,54 mGy (EP), 1,78 mGy (CR) e 0,82 mGy (DR). Nas incidências MLO o valor de MGD foi de 1,53 mGy no sistema EP, de 1,78 mGy no CR e 0,87 mGy no sistema DR. Constata-se que o valor de MGD na incidência de CC é inferior ao valor de MGD na incidência MLO, excepto para o sistema EP. Verifica-se também que o sistema EP apresenta maior variabilidade nos dados de MGD comparativamente com os restantes sistemas. O sistema DR é o que apresenta a menor variabilidade de valores MGD e também valores de MGD mais baixos. Comparando os resultados deste estudo com as referências internacionais, verifica-se que a MGD se encontra abaixo do limite de 2 mGy recomendado. ABSTRACT - This study aims to estimate the Mean Glandular Dose (MGD) associated with three different mammographic systems and compare the results with recommended international reference values. The systems included in the study included a conventional Screen-Film (SF) system and two digital mammography systems (CR and DR). Entrance Surface Air Kerma (ESAK) and MGD associated with each equipment were calculated. A sample of 30 healthy women (age ranging from 40 to 64 years old) undertaking screening mammography was considered in this study. The mammographic exam includes two projections, cranio-caudal (CC) and medio-lateral oblique (MLO). The MGD results obtained for CC projection were 1,54 mGy (SF), 1,78 mGy (CR) and 0,82 mGy (DR). MGD values for the MLO projection were 1,53 mGy (SF), 1,78 mGy (CR) and 0,87 mGy (DR). Results show that MGD value is slightly lower in the CC projection than in MLO, except for the SF system (1,54 mGy; 1,53 mGy). In addition the MGD for the SF system varied more than that associated with the digital systems. The DR system allows a narrow variation of MGD values and also lower MGD values. Comparing this study results with the international references we concluded that MGD values are below the 2 mGy recommended value for the three systems evaluated.

Gastos ocultos e competitividade empresarial

Mestrado em Contabilidade Analítica e Financeira

Categorical data clustering using a minimum message length criterion

Research on cluster analysis for categorical data continues to develop, new clustering algorithms being proposed. However, in this context, the determination of the number of clusters is rarely addressed. We propose a new approach in which clustering and the estimation of the number of clusters is done simultaneously for categorical data. We assume that the data originate from a finite mixture of multinomial distributions and use a minimum message length criterion (MML) to select the number of clusters (Wallace and Bolton, 1986). For this purpose, we implement an EM-type algorithm (Silvestre et al., 2008) based on the (Figueiredo and Jain, 2002) approach. The novelty of the approach rests on the integration of the model estimation and selection of the number of clusters in a single algorithm, rather than selecting this number based on a set of pre-estimated candidate models. The performance of our approach is compared with the use of Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) (Schwarz, 1978) and Integrated Completed Likelihood (ICL) (Biernacki et al., 2000) using synthetic data. The obtained results illustrate the capacity of the proposed algorithm to attain the true number of cluster while outperforming BIC and ICL since it is faster, which is especially relevant when dealing with large data sets.

A hybrid procedure to identify the optimal stiffness coefficients of elastically restrained beams

The formulation of a bending vibration problem of an elastically restrained Bernoulli-Euler beam carrying a finite number of concentrated elements along its length is presented. In this study, the authors exploit the application of the differential evolution optimization technique to identify the torsional stiffness properties of the elastic supports of a Bernoulli-Euler beam. This hybrid strategy allows the determination of the natural frequencies and mode shapes of continuous beams, taking into account the effect of attached concentrated masses and rotational inertias, followed by a reconciliation step between the theoretical model results and the experimental ones. The proposed optimal identification of the elastic support parameters is computationally demanding if the exact eigenproblem solving is considered. Hence, the use of a Gaussian process regression as a meta-model is addressed. An experimental application is used in order to assess the accuracy of the estimated parameters throughout the comparison of the experimentally obtained natural frequency, from impact tests, and the correspondent computed eigenfrequency.